Porous Glass-Ceramic Composite from Recycled Soda Lime Silica Glass and Charcoal Carbon

Glass ceramic composite was produced from soda lime silicate waste glass, ball clay and charcoal carbon as an alternative method to recycle waste glass. The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of charcoal carbon content (wt. %) to the sintered glass ceramic on their modulus, water absorption, apparent porosity, linear shrinkage and bulk density. The powder mixtures of soda lime silicate glass, ball clay and carbon were compacted by uniaxial pressing method and sintered at 850 °C with heating rate of 2 °C/min and one hour dwelling time. The main phase identified by X-ray diffraction method in sintered samples are quartz and wollastonite. It was observed that higher carbon content results in higher porosity, higher water absorption and lower bulk density and modulus of rupture. SEM analysis showed that there was significant variation in morphology of the porosity with the changes in carbon content. The optimised properties is at 1 wt.% of carbon content containing average pore size of 5-12 μm, with lowest porosity percentage of 1.79 %, water absorption of 0.77%, linear shrinkage of 12.89%  and highest bulk density and modulus of 48.2 MPa and 4.3% respectively. The study shows that low-density and porous materials can be made from recycled soda lime silicate and ball clay mixed with charcoal additive

EFFECT OF DEGUSSA P25 CONTENT ON THE DEPOSITION OF TiO2 COATING ON CERAMIC SUBSTRATE

TiO2 coatings were deposited on unglazed ceramic tiles to study the property of its antimicrobial activity. Here, the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles content (Degussa P25) on the TiO2 coatings’ characteristics was investigated. TiO2 sol containing 25, 50, and 100 g/L Degussa P25 were deposited few times on ceramic tiles via sol-gel dip coating method and heat treated at 500°C. The coatings were analyzed using SEM and the phases were characterized using GAXRD. The results show that Degussa P25 content significantly influences the TiO2 coatings morphology and thickness. Increasing the Degussa P25 content led to a thicker and denser coating with different Degussa P25 content yielded different thickness at specific dipping time. 50 g/L of Degussa P25 was discovered as the maximum amount to be used for achieving good adherence coating on the ceramic tiles. Five dipping of TiO2 sol containing 50 g/L Degussa P25 was found appropriate to generate coating of continuous layer with average thickness of ~29 µm. The Degussa P25 content, however, shows insignificant effect on coating crystallinity

Microstructural properties of glass composite material made from incinerated scheduled waste slag and soda lime silicate (SLS) waste glass

Glass composite material (GCM) was produced from incinerated scheduled waste bottom slag (BS) and soda lime silicate (SLS) waste glass. The effect of BS waste loading on the GCM and the microstructural properties was studied. Batches of powder mixture is formulated with 30 wt.% to 70 wt.% of BS powder and SLS waste glass powder for GCM sintering. The powder mixtures of BS and SLS waste glass were compacted by uniaxial pressing method and sintered at 800 °C with heating rate of 2 °C/min and one hour soaking time. The phases identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) method in all sintered samples are anorthite sodian, quartz, hematite and diopside. It was observed that higher BS waste loading results in higher porosity, higher water absorption and lower bulk density according to ASTM C373. In contrast, the Vickers microhardness value determined according to ASTM C1327, decreases with higher BS waste loading. This similar trend is observed for modulus of rupture (MOR) analysis which was performed according to ISO 10545-4. This physical and mechanical properties can be related to the microstructure observed during scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. More open pores and less dense surface are observed for higher BS waste loading samples. On the other hand, samples with lower BS waste loading consists of higher dense surface and no open pores. GCM with batch formulation of 30 wt.% BS and 70 wt.% SLS waste glass has shown the lowest water absorption percentage of 1.17%, the lowest porosity percentage of 2.2% and the highest bulk density value of 1.88 g/cm3. It also shows the highest MOR of 70.57 MPa and 5.6 GPa for Vickers microhardness with congruent microstructure features