Damage detection and location in woven fabric CFRP laminate panels

The need for multifunctional carbon fibre composite laminates has emerged to improve the reliability and safety of carbon fibre composite components and decrease costs. The development of an electrical selfsensing system for woven fabric carbon fibre composite laminate panels which can detect and locate damage due to impact events is presented. The electrical sensing system uses a four probe electrical resistance method. Two different sensing mats are investigated, the main difference between them are the surface area of the electrodes and the distance between the electrodes. To investigate the damage sensitivity of the sensing system for woven fabric carbon fibre composite laminate panels, panels are produced with various thicknesses from 0.84 to 3.5 mm and are impacted at energies from 1 to 10 J to generate barely visible impact damage. Damage is detected using global electrical resistance changes, the changes in electrical resistance vary depending on carbon fibre volume fraction, spacing distance between the sensing electrodes in the sensing mats, the surface area of the electrodes, damage size, and damage type; it is found that the thicker the panel, the less sensitive the electrical resistance system is. The effect of the surface area of the sensing electrodes is high on the electrical resistance baseline, where the baseline increases by up to 55% when the surface area of the sensing electrodes increases from 100 mm2 to 400 mm2; while spacing distance between electrodes has a greater effect on damage sensitivity of the electrical resistance sensing system than the surface area of the sensing electrodes

Verbreding van bestuursrechtspraak: noodzaak en consequenties van een groeimodel voor bestuursrechtelijke rechtsbescherming. Rapport van de Commissie Verruiming bevoegdheden bestuursrechter van de Vereniging voor bestuursrecht (VAR)

The Legitimacy and Effectiveness of Law & Governance in a World of Multilevel Jurisdiction

Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists and Empagliflozin in Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction

Background: Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) may be beneficial in reducing heart failure (HF) hospitalizations in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction. The effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction according to MRA background therapy has not been reported. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of empagliflozin in MRA users and nonusers in the EMPEROR-Preserved (Empagliflozin Outcome Trial in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction) trial. Methods: Survival analyses were conducted comparing the effects of empagliflozin vs placebo in MRA users and nonusers at baseline with treatment-by-MRA use interaction terms. Results: A total of 5,988 patients were included, of whom 2,244 (37.5%) were using MRAs at baseline. MRA users had higher event rates than MRA nonusers (placebo group primary outcome 9.4 vs 8.2 events per 100 person-years). The benefit of empagliflozin to reduce the primary outcome was not significantly different between MRA nonusers and MRA users (HR: 0.73 [95% CI: 0.62-0.87] and HR: 0.87 [95% CI: 0.71-1.06]; interaction P = 0.22). The effect of empagliflozin to reduce first and recurrent HF hospitalizations was more pronounced in MRA nonusers than in MRA users (HR: 0.60 [95% CI: 0.47-0.77] and HR: 0.90 [95% CI: 0.68-1.19]; interaction P = 0.038). MRA users experienced almost twice as many hyperkalemia events as MRA nonusers, and empagliflozin reduced the risk for hyperkalemia or initiation of potassium binders regardless of MRA use (MRA nonusers: HR: 0.90 [95% CI: 0.69-1.19]; MRA users: HR: 0.74 [95% CI: 0.56-0.96]; interaction P = 0.29). Conclusions: The benefit of empagliflozin to reduce the primary outcome was not significantly different between MRA nonusers and MRA users. The effect of empagliflozin to reduce first and recurrent HF hospitalizations was more pronounced in MRA nonusers. Empagliflozin reduced hyperkalemia, with no significant treatment-by-MRA subgroup interaction. (Empagliflozin Outcome Trial in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction [EMPEROR-Preserved]; NCT03057951) © 2022 The Author

Proposal for a revised definition of dilated cardiomyopathy, hypokinetic non-dilated cardiomyopathy, and its implications for clinical practice: A position statement of the ESC working group on myocardial and pericardial diseases

In this paper the Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Disease proposes a revised definition of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in an attempt to bridge the gap between our recent understanding of the disease spectrum and its clinical presentation in relatives, which is key for early diagnosis and the institution of potential preventative measures. We also provide practical hints to identify subsets of the DCM syndrome where aetiology directed management has great clinical relevance. © The Author 2016