Newton's Second Law in a Noncommutative Space

In this work we show that corrections to the Newton's second law appears if we assume that the phase space has a symplectic structure consistent with the rules of commutation of noncommutative quantum mechanis. In the central field case we find that the correction term breaks the rotational symmetry. In particular, for the Kepler problem, this term takes the form of a Coriolis force produced by the weak gravitational field far from a rotating massive object.Comment: 7 pages, References adde

Perinatal and parental determinants of childhood overweight in 6-12 years old children

Introduction & aims: The identification of determinants of childhood overweight is crucial to early diagnosis and prevention. The aim of this study was to assess perinatal and parental related risk factors concerning children for having excessive body weight. Methods: Cross-sectional study involving 3,101 children participating in the programme “Alimenta su salud” conducted in Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). Anthropometric and sociodemographic data were obtained from a general questionnaire. Analysed factors as potential predictors of childhood overweight were sex, age, birth weight, infant feeding, number of siblings, as well as parental marital status, educational level and obesity. Prevalence of overweight stratified by potential determinants was assessed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations between variables and the likelihood of being overweight. Results: The overweight prevalence (including obesity) was 30.3% in boys and 28.3% in girls, according to the IOTF criteria. Higher rates in younger subjects and some gender differences were observed. Parental obesity was the most important predictive variable for childhood overweight in both sexes and birth weight over 3,500 g in girls (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3-2.3). Having one or more siblings (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5-0.9) and higher paternal education (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.6-0.9) in boys, and older age in girls (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5-.09), resulted protective factors against childhood overweight. No independent effects of marital status, maternal education and infant feeding patterns on childhood excess weight were identified. Conclusions: Perinatal and parental factors could contribute to predict the risk of being overweight/obese in children aged 6 to 12 years, which should be considered when formulating obesity prevention and intervention strategies, stressing the importance of targeting obese parents with young children

Peroxidase expression in a cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) resistant hexaploid wheat line.

The incompatible interaction between plant and pathogen is often determined by the hypersensitive reaction (HR). This response is associated with accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which results in adverse growth conditions for pathogens. Two major mechanisms involving either NADPH oxidases or peroxidases have been proposed for generation of ROS. Peroxidases (PER, EC 1.11.1.7), present in all land plants, are members of a large multigenic family with high number of isoforms involved in a broad range of physiological processes. PER genes, which are expressed in nematode feeding sites, have been identified in several plant species (Zacheo et al. 1997). A strong correlation between HR and PER activities at four and seven days post nematode infection, was detected in roots of wheat lines carrying Cre2, Cre5 (from Ae. ventricosa) or Cre7 (from Ae. triuncialis) Heterodera avenae resistance genes (Andrés et al. 2001; Montes et al. 2003, 2004). We have studied changes in root of peroxidase mRNAs levels after infection by H. avenae of a wheat/Ae. ven¬tricosa introgression line (H-93-8) carrying Cre2 (Delibes et al. 1993). We also report and classify the predicted protein sequences derived from complete peroxidase transcripts

Vegetation phenology from satellite imagery: the case of the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands (2001-2017)

[EN] Phenological dynamics of vegetation is considered as an important biological indicator for understanding the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Land surface phenology (LSP), the study of vegetation phenology from time series of vegetation indices (IV), has provided a comprehensive overview of ecosystem dynamics. Iberian Peninsula is one of the regions with the greatest diversity of ecosystems in European continent. It is therefore an excellent study area for monitoring phenological dynamics of vegetation. The aim of this study is to analyse the spatial variability of the phenology of the vegetation of the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands for the period 2001-2017. NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) time series were generated from the surface reflectance product MOD09Q1 at a spatial resolution of 250 meters and with a composite period of 8 days. Atmospheric disturbances and noise were reduced using a Savitzky-Golay smoothing filter. Different phenological metrics or phenometrics were extracted using a threshold-based method. Results showed the existence of a different behaviour between spring and autumn phenophases in the Atlantic and Mediterranean biogeographic regions. The Mediterranean mountainous areas showed a similar phenological behaviour to the Atlantic vegetation. Biogeographic regions showed an internal variability, which may be derived from the different behaviour of land covers (e.g., natural vegetation vs. crops).[ES] La dinámica fenológica de la vegetación es considerada un importante indicador biológico para comprender el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas terrestres. La fenología de la superficie terrestre (Land Surface phenology; LSP), el estudio de la fenología de la vegetación a partir de series temporales de índices de vegetación (IV), ha proporcionado una visión integral de la dinámica de los ecosistemas. La península ibérica es una de las regiones con mayor diversidad de ecosistemas del continente europeo. Constituye, por lo tanto, una excelente área de estudio para la monitorización de la dinámica fenológica de la vegetación. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la variabilidad espacial de la fenología de la vegetación de la península ibérica e islas Baleares para el periodo 2001-2017. Las series temporales de NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) fueron generadas a partir del producto de reflectancia de superficie MOD09Q1 a una resolución espacial de 250 metros y con un periodo de compuesto de 8 días. Las perturbaciones atmosféricas y el ruido de las series temporales fueron atenuadas aplicando el algoritmo de suavizado de Savitzky-Golay. Las diferentes métricas fenológicas o fenométricas fueron extraídas usando un método basado en umbrales. Los resultados pusieron de manifiesto la existencia de un comportamiento diferenciado entre las fenofases de primavera y otoño en las regiones biogeográficas atlántica y mediterránea. Las zonas montañosas mediterráneas presentaron un comportamiento fenológico similar a la vegetación atlántica. La variabilidad interna de cada región biogeográfica también puede asociarse al diferente comportamiento entre cubiertas del suelo (e.g. vegetación natural vs. cultivos).El primer autor es un contratado pre-doctoral FPU financiado por el "Ministerio de Universidades" (Referencia FPU15/03758). Los autores agradecen el apoyo de los proyectos RTI2018-096561-A-I00 y US-1262552, financiados por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación y la Agencia Estatal de Investigación / FEDER - Junta de Andalucía (Consejería de Economía y Conocimiento), respectivamente.Caparros-Santiago, J.; Rodríguez-Galiano, V. (2020). Estimación de la fenología de la vegetación a partir de imágenes de satélite: el caso de la península ibérica e islas Baleares (2001-2017). Revista de Teledetección. 0(57):25-36. https://doi.org/10.4995/raet.2020.13632OJS253605

Chronologically scheduled snacking with high-protein products within the habitual diet in type-2 diabetes patients leads to a fat mass loss: a longitudinal study.

Background: Obesity is the most relevant overnutrition disease worldwide and is associated to different metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes. Low glycemic load foods and diets and moderately high protein intake have been shown to reduce body weight and fat mass, exerting also beneficial effects on LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride concentrations, postprandial glucose curve and HDL-cholesterol levels. The present study aimed at studying the potential functionality of a series of low glycemic index products with moderately high protein content, as possible coadjuvants in the control of type-2 diabetes and weight management following a chronologically planned snacking offer (morning and afternoon). Methods: The current trial followed a single group, sequential, longitudinal design, with two consecutive periods of 4 weeks each. A total of 17 volunteers participated in the study. The first period was a free living period, with volunteers' habitual ad libitum dietary pattern, while the second period was a free-living period with structured meal replacements at breakfast, morning snack and afternoon snack, which were exchanged by specific products with moderately high protein content and controlled low glycemic index, following a scheduled temporal consumption. Blood extractions were performed at the beginning and at the end of each period (free-living and intervention). Parameters analysed were: fasting glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, total-, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, C - reactive protein and Homocysteine concentrations. Postprandial glucose and insulin were also measured. Anthropometrical parameters were monitored each 2 weeks during the whole study. Results: A modest but significant (p = 0.002) reduction on body weight (1 kg) was observed during the intervention period, mainly due to the fat mass loss (0.8 kg, p = 0.02). This weight reduction was observed without apparently associated changes in total energy intake. None of the biochemical biomarkers measured was altered throughout the whole study. Conclusions: Small changes in the habitual dietary recommendations in type-2 diabetes patients by the inclusion of specific low-glycemic, moderately high-protein products in breakfast, morning and afternoon snacks may promote body weight and fat-mass loss, without apparently altering biochemical parameters and cardiovascular risk-related factors

1Mbps is enough: video quality and individual idiosyncrasies in multiparty HD video-conferencing

Most video platforms deliver HD video in high bitrate encoding. Modern video-conferencing systems are capable of handling HD streams, but using multiparty conferencing, average internet connections in the home are on their bandwidth limit. For properly managing the encoding bitrate in videoconferencing, we must know what is the minimum bitrate requirement to provide users an acceptable experience, and what is the bitrate level after which QoE saturates?. Most available subjective studies in this area used rather dated technologies. We report on a multiparty study on video quality with HD resolution. We tested different encoding bitrates (256kbs, 1024kbs and 4096kbs) and packet loss rates (0, 0.5%) in groups of 4 participants with a

Design of Minimal Dispersion Fluidic Channels in a CAD-Free Framework

Projet M3NWe show the application of our shape optimization approach to the design of electroosmotic micro-fluidic channels realizing minimal geometrical dispersion on 90 and 180 degree turns. Our aim is to realize compact device of fluidic channels with maximum length in a minimum occupying surface. This means that we need to introduce turns along the channel. These turns, by modifying the electric field, introduce large skew and dispersion of the advected species which seriously degrades the detection and separation capacity of the ensemble

A multiwavelength study of the supernova remnant G296.8-0.3

We report XMM-Newton observations of the Galactic supernova remnant G296.8-0.3, together with complementary radio and infrared data. The spatial and spectral properties of the X-ray emission, detected towards G296.8-0.3, was investigated in order to explore the possible evolutionary scenarios and the physical connexion with its unusual morphology detected at radio frequencies. G296.8-0.3 displays diffuse X-ray emission correlated with the peculiar radio morphology detected in the interior of the remnant and with the shell-like radio structure observed to the northwest side of the object. The X-ray emission peaks in the soft/medium energy range (0.5-3.0 keV). The X-ray spectral analysis confirms that the column density is high (NH \sim 0.64 x 10^{22} cm^{-2}) which supports a distant location (d>9 kpc) for the SNR. Its X-ray spectrum can be well represented by a thermal (PSHOCK) model, with kT \sim 0.86 keV, an ionization timescale of 6.1 x 10^{10} cm^{-3} s, and low abundance (0.12 Z_sun). The 24 microns observations show shell-like emission correlated with part of the northwest and southeast boundaries of the SNR. In addition a point-like X-ray source is also detected close to the geometrical center of the radio SNR. The object presents some characteristics of the so-called compact central objects (CCO). Its X-ray spectrum is consistent with those found at other CCOs and the value of NH is consistent with that of G296.8-0.3, which suggests a physical connexion with the SNR.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astrophysics & Space Scienc

Reconstrucción del extremo distal de radio mediante aloinjerto osteoarticular contralateral después de la resección de un tumor esquelético

La reconstrucción radio distal tras la resección de tumores en esa localización, constituye un desafío para el cirujano ortopédico. Hemos modificado la técnica de reconstrucción utilizando el aloinjerto osteoarticular de radio distal contralateral y presentamos nuestra experiencia. El objetivo principal de esta modificación es evitar la inestabilidad estructural del aloinjerto de radio y mejorar su función. Estabilizamos el aloinjerto contralateral mediante una placa y tornillos sobre la superficie volar del radio. El complejo fibrocartilago triangular y los ligamentos palmares de la muñeca se suturan a los ligamentos correspondientes del aloinjerto. La articulación de la muñeca se fija con agujas de Kirschner durante 6 semanas. Se evaluaron cuatro pacientes con aloinjerto osteoarticular de radio distal contralateral con una edad media de 28 años (rango de 23 a 33) y con una media de seguimiento de 42 meses. Obtuvimos ausencia de recidivas locales y una correcta consolidación del aloinjerto en todos los casos. El rango de movilidad articular medio fue 36,3° flexión dorsal, 17,5° flexión volar, 10,7° abducción, 10° aducción, 62,5° pronación y 46,3° de supinación. La reconstrucción del radio distal con aloinjerto contralateral es una técnica útil para solucionar grandes defectos osteoarticulares y provee mayor estabilidad articular al cambiar la orientación de la carilla articular del radio.The reconstruction of the distal radius after excision of a skeletal tumor in this location is a challenge for the orthopedic surgeon. The objective of our modification is to prevent structural instability in the allograft and improve its function. We report our experience with the use of a contralateral osteoarticular allograft. The allograft was stabilized with a plate and screws above the volar surface of the radius. The palmar ligaments of the wrist and the fibrocartilage complex were sutured to the corresponding ligaments of the allograft. The wrist joint was fixed with a Kirschner wire for six weeks. We report 4 patients with a contralateral osteoar- ticular allograft. The average age was 28 years (range 23 to 33) and the average follow-up was 42 months. The average range of wrist motion was: dorsal flexion 36.3°; volar flexion 17.5°; abduction 10.7°; adduction 10°; supination 46.3° and pronation 62.5°. Correct union of the allografts and absence of local recurrence of the tumor was obtained in all patients. The reconstruction of the distal radius with a contralateral osteoarticular allograft is a useful technique for repairing large defects and greater joint stability is achieved by changing direction of the articular surface of the radius