Caracterización de la estructura fina de las fibras de poliamida 6 mediante la técnica de solubilidad diferencial

Se describe la puesta a punto de la técnica de solubilidad diferencial en mezclas fenol/isopropanol como parámetro de la estructura fina de las fibras de poliamida 6.Este parámetro ha permitido detectar diferencias entre sustratos de poliamida 6 del mismo tipo producidos por diferentes compañías. También se han apreciado diferencias de solubilidad diferencial en sustratos de poliamida 6 fabricados con diferentes relaciones de estirado. Los diferentes sustratos se han caracterizado tambiénprocediendo a medidas de cristalinidad (densidad) y orientación(módulo sónico)

El ensayo de solubilidad diferencial como método de caracterización de la estructura fina de las fibras químicas

La solubilidad diferencial es un ensayo físico-químico para la caracterización de la estructura fina de las fibras de poliéster, poliamida, acrílicas y fibras químicas de celulosa. En esta publicación se describe esta técnica, así como la influencia de las variables del ensayo. También se interpreta la curva de solubilidad diferencial vs. temperatura del ensayo. Por último, se citan ejemplos de campos de aplicación de este ensayo a diferentes grupos de sustratos de las mencionadas fibras

Influencia de la producción integrada del olivar sobre la calidad del aceite de oliva virgen

A study has been conducted to determine the influence of integrated olive production on the quality of extra virgin olive oil. On two different dates, samples from three different holdings were taken in integrated production (I) parcels, and in conventional production (C) parcels, both adjacent. The analytical determinations were free acidity, peroxide value, K232 and K270, fatty acid composition, esterols, phenolic compounds, tocopherols, stability to oxidation and sensory analysis. Most interesting among the results obtained were total contents of esterols and tocopherols, higher in olive oils of integrated production.Se ha realizado un estudio para ver la influencia de la producción integrada del olivar sobre la calidad del aceite de oliva virgen. Se tomaron muestras de aceitunas de tres fincas distintas, en parcelas correspondientes a olivar de secano, de producción integrada (I), y en parcelas adyacentes a estas de producción convencional (C), en dos fechas diferentes. Las determinaciones analíticas realizadas han sido acidez libre, índice de peróxidos, K232 y K270, composición de ácidos grasos, esteroles, compuestos fenólicos, tocoferoles, estabilidad oxidativa y análisis sensorial. En los resultados obtenidos destaca que los valores más altos de esteroles totales y tocoferoles corresponden a los aceites de producción integrada. Así mismo, los aceites de producción convencional presentan mayor contenido de fenoles totales y parecen ofrecer mayor estabilidad

Relationship between postharvest diseases resistance and mineral composition of citrus fruit

reen and blue moulds, due to the pathogenic action of Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum respectively are the main cause of orange losses during postharvest. Under Mediterranean climate conditions, both together are responsible for 80% of total postharvest citrus fruit decay. The type of orchard production system, field location with different types of climate and soil has a main influence on mineral composition of fruits. The mineral composition of fruits can have a significant impact on fruit quality and shelf life during postharvest period. These include effects on fruit colour, texture, disease susceptibility, juice composition and development of physiological disorders. Oranges from different regions from South of Spain and Portugal and from three different production systems (conventional, integrated and organic) were studied to evaluate whether both factors (origin and production system) affected the degree of fruit sensitivity to decay. Results indicate that the sensitivity to green or blue mould is determined better by the origin of fruit than by the system of production.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Efecto de la refrigeración sobre la maduración del fruto del chirimoyo

Cherimoya fruits have a typically climateric ripening characterized, among other parameters, by a peak in the ethylene production that produces the senescence. Several attempts have been made in our Department in order to extend the shelf life of the fruits, but sorne undesirable reactions affecting the flavour are always produced. The most simple and natural treatment is the control of the storage temperature. With sorne precautions, it allows a considerable delay in the onset of senescence, making possible the marketing of the fruits in, previously, inaccessible markets.El fruto del chirimoyo presenta una maduración típicamente climatérica caracterizada, entre otros parámetros, por un pico muy acentuado de producción de etileno que conduce a la rápida senescencia. Varios intentos se han hecho en nuestro Departamento para tratar de prolongar la vida comercial de los frutos, pero en todos ellos se producen algunas reacciones indeseables que afectan a la palatabilidad. El tratamiento más natural es el control de la temperatura de almacenamiento, que con ciertas precauciones permite un retardo en la aparición de la senescencia, suficiente para alcanzar mercados de otra forma inaccesibles

Efecto de la refrigeración sobre la maduración del fruto del chirimoyo

El fruto del chirimoyo presenta una maduración típicamente climatérica caracterizada, entre otros parámetros, por un pico muy acentuado de producción de etileno que conduce a la rápida senescencia. Varios intentos se han hecho en nuestro Departamento para tratar de prolongar la vida comercial de los frutos, pero en todos ellos se producen algunas reacciones indeseables que afectan a la palatabilidad. El tratamiento más natural es el control de la temperatura de almacenamiento, que con ciertas precauciones permite un retardo en la aparición de la senescencia, suficiente para alcanzar mercados de otra forma inaccesibles.Cherimoya fruits have a typically climateric ripening characterized, among other parameters, by a peak in the ethylene production that produces the senescence. Several attempts have been made in our Department in order to extend the shelf life of the fruits, but sorne undesirable reactions affecting the flavour are always produced. The most simple and natural treatment is the control of the storage temperature. With sorne precautions, it allows a considerable delay in the onset of senescence, making possible the marketing of the fruits in, previously, inaccessible markets

Nitro-oleic acid regulates T cell activation through post-translational modification of calcineurin

Nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FAs) are unsaturated fatty acid nitration products that exhibit anti-inflammatory actions in experimental mouse models of autoimmune and allergic diseases. These electrophilic molecules interfere with intracellular signaling pathways by reversible post-translational modification of nucleophilic amino-acid residues. Several regulatory proteins have been identified as targets of NO2-FAs, modifying their activity and promoting gene expression changes that result in anti-inflammatory effects. Herein, we report the effects of nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA) on pro-inflammatory T cell functions, showing that 9- and 10-NOA, but not their oleic acid precursor, decrease T cell proliferation, expression of activation markers CD25 and CD71 on the plasma membrane, and IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ cytokine gene expressions. Moreover, we have found that NO2-OA inhibits the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and that this inhibition takes place through the regulation of the phosphatase activity of calcineurin (CaN), hindering NFAT dephosphorylation, and nuclear translocation in activated T cells. Finally, using mass spectrometry-based approaches, we have found that NO2-OA nitroalkylates CaNA on four Cys (Cys129, 228, 266, and 372), of which only nitroalkylation on Cys372 was of importance for the regulation of CaN phosphatase activity in cells, disturbing functional CaNA/CaNB heterodimer formation. These results provide evidence for an additional mechanism by which NO2-FAs exert their anti-inflammatory actions, pointing to their potential as therapeutic bioactive lipids for the modulation of harmful T cell-mediated immune response

Evolución de diversas actividades enzimáticas durante la maduración del chirimoyo n atmosfera controlada

Cherimoya fruits after harvesting have a short shelf life thus conditioning their marketing. Polyphenoloxidase, peroxidase, catalase and acid phosphatase are enzymes implicated in the ripening process of cherimoya. We have studied the variations of activity for these enzymes during cherimoya ripening in an C02 atmosphere and in the same atmosphere in presence sulphite. There was a marked decrease in the protein contents of both epicarp and mesocarp, during fruit ripening in C02 atmosphere. Enzymic activities also decreased at the beginning of the ripening. These low activities were maintained while fruits were in presence of C02 or C02 and sulphite.El fruto del chirimoyo tiene un proceso de maduración muy corto, lo cual afecta a su vida comercial. En este proceso están implicadas una serie de enzimas, como son polifenoloxidasa, peroxidasa, catalasa y fosfatasa ácida. Se han estudiado la evolución de las actividades de estas enzimas, almacenando los frutos en atmósfera de C02 y en presencia de sulfito. Los resultados obtenidos indican que existe una disminución en la concentración de proteínas totales, tanto en el epicarpio como en el mesocarpio de los frutos, durante la maduración en presencia de C02. Igualmente se produce una disminución de las actividades enzimáticas con este tratamiento. Esta baja actividad se mantiene, al menos durante tres semanas de almacenamiento. La presencia de sulfito en atmósfera de C02, no condiciona variaciones ni en la concentración de proteínas del fruto ni en las actividades enzimáticas

Validation and reconstruction of flow meter data in the Barcelona water distribution network

12 páginas, 16 figuras, 1 tabla.-- El PDF es la versión pre-print.-- et al.This paper presents a signal analysis methodology to validate (detect) and reconstruct the missing and false data of a large set of flow meters in the telecontrol system of a water distribution network. The proposed methodology is based on two time-scale forecasting models: a daily model based on a ARIMA time series, while the 10-min model is based on distributing the daily flow using a 10-min demand pattern. The demand patterns have been determined using two methods: correlation analysis and an unsupervised fuzzy logic classification, named LAMDA algorithm. Finally, the proposed methodology has been applied to the Barcelona water distribution network, providing very good results.This work is part of a applied research project granted by ADASA and AGBAR companies. The authors also wish to thank the support received by the Research Commission of the Generalitat of Catalunya (Group SAC Ref. 2009 SGR 1491) and by CICYT (Ref. HYFA DPI2008-01996 and WATMAN DPI2009-13744) of Spanish Ministry of Education.Peer reviewe

Validation and reconstruction of flow meter data in the Barcelona water distribution network

This paper presents a signal analysis methodology to validate (detect) and reconstruct the missing and false data of a large set of flow meters in the telecontrol system of a water distribution network. The proposed methodology is based on two time-scale forecasting models: a daily model based on a ARIMA time series, while the 10-min model is based on distributing the daily flow using a 10-min demand pattern. The demand patterns have been determined using two methods: correlation analysis and an unsupervised fuzzy logic classification, named LAMDA algorithm. Finally, the proposed methodology has been applied to the Barcelona water distribution network, providing very good results.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author’s final draft