3,281 research outputs found
Delay and distortion of slow light pulses by excitons in ZnO
Light pulses propagating through ZnO undergo distortions caused by both bound
and free excitons. Numerous lines of bound excitons dissect the pulse and
induce slowing of light around them, to the extend dependent on their nature.
Exciton-polariton resonances determine the overall pulse delay and attenuation.
The delay time of the higher-energy edge of a strongly curved light stripe
approaches 1.6 ns at 3.374 eV with a 0.3 mm propagation length. Modelling the
data of cw and time-of-flight spectroscopies has enabled us to determine the
excitonic parameters, inherent for bulk ZnO. We reveal the restrictions on
these parameters induced by the light attenuation, as well as a discrepancy
between the parameters characterizing the surface and internal regions of the
crystal.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Atmospheric parameters and chemical properties of red giants in the CoRoT asteroseismology fields
A precise characterisation of the red giants in the seismology fields of the
CoRoT satellite is a prerequisite for further in-depth seismic modelling.
High-resolution FEROS and HARPS spectra were obtained as part of the
ground-based follow-up campaigns for 19 targets holding great asteroseismic
potential. These data are used to accurately estimate their fundamental
parameters and the abundances of 16 chemical species in a self-consistent
manner. Some powerful probes of mixing are investigated (the Li and CNO
abundances, as well as the carbon isotopic ratio in a few cases). The
information provided by the spectroscopic and seismic data is combined to
provide more accurate physical parameters and abundances. The stars in our
sample follow the general abundance trends as a function of the metallicity
observed in stars of the Galactic disk. After an allowance is made for the
chemical evolution of the interstellar medium, the observational signature of
internal mixing phenomena is revealed through the detection at the stellar
surface of the products of the CN cycle. A contamination by NeNa-cycled
material in the most massive stars is also discussed. With the asteroseismic
constraints, these data will pave the way for a detailed theoretical
investigation of the physical processes responsible for the transport of
chemical elements in evolved, low- and intermediate-mass stars.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A, 25 pages, 13 colour figures (revised
version after language editing
Models of red giants in the CoRoT asteroseismology fields combining asteroseismic and spectroscopic constraints
Context. The availability of asteroseismic constraints for a large sample of
red giant stars from the CoRoT and Kepler missions paves the way for various
statistical studies of the seismic properties of stellar populations.
Aims. We use the first detailed spectroscopic study of 19 CoRoT red-giant
stars (Morel et al 2014) to compare theoretical stellar evolution models to
observations of the open cluster NGC 6633 and field stars.
Methods. In order to explore the effects of rotation-induced mixing and
thermohaline instability, we compare surface abundances of carbon isotopic
ratio and lithium with stellar evolution predictions. These chemicals are
sensitive to extra-mixing on the red-giant branch.
Results. We estimate mass, radius, and distance for each star using the
seismic constraints. We note that the Hipparcos and seismic distances are
different. However, the uncertainties are such that this may not be
significant. Although the seismic distances for the cluster members are self
consistent they are somewhat larger than the Hipparcos distance. This is an
issue that should be considered elsewhere. Models including thermohaline
instability and rotation-induced mixing, together with the seismically
determined masses can explain the chemical properties of red-giants targets.
However, with this sample of stars we cannot perform stringent tests of the
current stellar models. Tighter constraints on the physics of the models would
require the measurement of the core and surface rotation rates, and of the
period spacing of gravity-dominated mixed modes. A larger number of stars with
longer times series, as provided by Kepler or expected with Plato, would help
for ensemble asteroseismology.Comment: Accepted 03/05/201
Uncertainties in models of stellar structure and evolution
Numerous physical aspects of stellar physics have been presented in Ses- sion
2 and the underlying uncertainties have been tentatively assessed. We try here
to highlight some specific points raised after the talks and during the general
discus- sion at the end of the session and eventually at the end of the
workshop. A table of model uncertainties is then drawn with the help of the
participants in order to give the state of the art in stellar modeling
uncertainties as of July 2013.Comment: Proc. of the workshop "Asteroseismology of stellar populations in the
Milky Way" (Sesto, 22-26 July 2013), Astrophysics and Space Science
Proceedings, (eds. A. Miglio, L. Girardi, P. Eggenberger, J. Montalban
Preferences and skills of Indian public sector teachers
With a sample of 700 future public sector primary teachers in India, a Discrete Choice Experiment is used to measure job preferences, particularly regarding location. General skills are also tested. Urban origin teachers and women are more averse to remote locations than rural origin teachers and men respectively. Women would require a 26-73 percent increase in salary for moving to a remote location. The results suggest that existing caste and gender quotas can be detrimental for hiring skilled teachers willing to work in remote locations. The most preferred location is home, which supports decentralised hiring, although this could compromise skills
Near-infrared spectroscopic characterisation of Gaia ultra-cool dwarf candidates
© 2024 The Author(s). Published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Context. The local census of very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs is crucial to improving our understanding of the stellar-substellar transition and their formation history. These objects, known as ultra-cool dwarfs (UCDs), are essential targets for searches of potentially habitable planets. However, their detection poses a challenge because of their low luminosity. The Gaia survey has identified numerous new UCD candidates thanks to its large survey and precise astrometry. Aims. We aim to characterise 60 UCD candidates detected by Gaia in the solar neighbourhood with a spectroscopic follow-up to confirm that they are UCDs, as well as to identify peculiarities. Methods. We acquired the near-infrared (NIR) spectra of 60 objects using the SOFI spectrograph between 0.93 and 2.5 µm (R~ 600). We identified their spectral types using a template-matching method. Their binarity is studied using astrometry and spectral features. Results. We confirm that 60 objects in the sample have ultra-cool dwarf spectral types close to those expected from astrometry. Their NIR spectra reveal that seven objects could host an unresolved coolest companion and seven UCDs share the same proper motions as other stars. The characterisation of these UCDs is part of a coordinated effort to improve our understanding of the Solar neighbourhood.Peer reviewe
X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure calculations with pseudopotentials. Application to K-edge in diamond and alpha-quartz
We present a reciprocal-space pseudopotential scheme for calculating X-ray
absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra. The scheme incorporates a
recursive method to compute absorption cross section as a continued fraction.
The continued fraction formulation of absorption is advantageous in that it
permits the treatment of core-hole interaction through large supercells
(hundreds of atoms). The method is compared with recently developed
Bethe-Salpeter approach. The method is applied to the carbon K-edge in diamond
and to the silicon and oxygen K-edges in alpha-quartz for which polarized XANES
spectra were measured. Core-hole effects are investigated by varying the size
of the supercell, thus leading to information similar to that obtained from
cluster size analysis usually performed within multiple scattering
calculations.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure
Modifications of the endosomal compartment in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and fibroblasts from Alzheimer’s disease patients
International audienceIdentification of blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains a challenge. Neuropathological studies have identified enlarged endosomes in post-mortem brains as the earliest cellular change associated to AD. Here the presence of enlarged endosomes was investigated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 48 biologically defined AD patients (25 with mild cognitive impairment and 23 with dementia (AD-D)), and 23 age-matched healthy controls using immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. The volume and number of endosomes were not significantly different between AD and controls. However, the percentage of cells containing enlarged endosomes was significantly higher in the AD-D group as compared with controls. Furthermore, endosomal volumes significantly correlated to [C11]PiB cortical index measured by positron emission tomography in the AD group, independently of the APOE genotype, but not to the levels of amyloid-beta, tau and phosphorylated tau measured in the cerebrospinal fluid. Importantly, we confirmed the presence of enlarged endosomes in fibroblasts from six unrelated AD-D patients as compared with five cognitively normal controls. This study is the first, to our knowledge, to report morphological alterations of the endosomal compartment in peripheral cells from AD patients correlated to amyloid load that will now be evaluated as a possible biomarker
An overview of the mid-infrared spectro-interferometer MATISSE: science, concept, and current status
MATISSE is the second-generation mid-infrared spectrograph and imager for the
Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) at Paranal. This new interferometric
instrument will allow significant advances by opening new avenues in various
fundamental research fields: studying the planet-forming region of disks around
young stellar objects, understanding the surface structures and mass loss
phenomena affecting evolved stars, and probing the environments of black holes
in active galactic nuclei. As a first breakthrough, MATISSE will enlarge the
spectral domain of current optical interferometers by offering the L and M
bands in addition to the N band. This will open a wide wavelength domain,
ranging from 2.8 to 13 um, exploring angular scales as small as 3 mas (L band)
/ 10 mas (N band). As a second breakthrough, MATISSE will allow mid-infrared
imaging - closure-phase aperture-synthesis imaging - with up to four Unit
Telescopes (UT) or Auxiliary Telescopes (AT) of the VLTI. Moreover, MATISSE
will offer a spectral resolution range from R ~ 30 to R ~ 5000. Here, we
present one of the main science objectives, the study of protoplanetary disks,
that has driven the instrument design and motivated several VLTI upgrades
(GRA4MAT and NAOMI). We introduce the physical concept of MATISSE including a
description of the signal on the detectors and an evaluation of the expected
performances. We also discuss the current status of the MATISSE instrument,
which is entering its testing phase, and the foreseen schedule for the next two
years that will lead to the first light at Paranal.Comment: SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation conference, June
2016, 11 pages, 6 Figure
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