Lithium atom interferometer using laser diffraction : description and experiments

We have built and operated an atom interferometer of the Mach-Zehnder type. The atomic wave is a supersonic beam of lithium seeded in argon and the mirrors and beam-splitters for the atomic wave are based on elastic Bragg diffraction on laser standing waves at 671 nm. We give here a detailed description of our experimental setup and of the procedures used to align its components. We then present experimental signals, exhibiting atomic interference effects with a very high visibility, up to 84.5 %. We describe a series of experiments testing the sensitivity of the fringe visibility to the main alignment defects and to the magnetic field gradient.Comment: 8 avril 200

Opciones terap\uc3\ua9uticas y factores predictivos de recurrencia y mortalidad c\uc3\ua1ncer-espec\uc3\uad\uef\uac\u81ca en pacientes con tumor vesical despu\uc3\ua9s de trasplante renal: an\uc3\ua1lisis multiinstitucional

Objectives Bladder cancer (BC) in the transplanted population can represent a challenge owing to the immunosuppressed state of patients and the higher rate of comorbidities. The objective was to analyze the treatment of BC after renal transplant (RT), focusing on the mode of presentation, diagnosis, treatment options and predictive factors for recurrence. Material and methods We conducted an observational prospective study with a retrospective analysis of 88 patients with BC after RT at 10 European centers. Clinical and oncologic data were collected, and indications and results of adjuvant treatment reviewed. The Kaplan-Meier method and uni- and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed. Results A total of 10,000 RTs were performed. Diagnosis of BC occurred at a median of 73 months after RT. Median follow-up was 126 months. Seventy-one patients (81.6%) had non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, of whom 29 (40.8%) received adjuvant treatment; of these, six (20.6%) received bacillus Calmette-Gu\uc3\ua9rin and 20 (68.9%) mitomycin C. At univariate analysis, patients who received bacillus Calmette-Gu\uc3\ua9rin had a signi\uef\uac\u81cantly lower recurrence rate (P =.043). At multivariate analysis, a switch from immunosuppression to mTOR inhibitors signi\uef\uac\u81cantly reduced the risk of recurrence (HR 0.24, 95% CI: 0.053-0.997, P =.049) while presence of multiple tumors increased it (HR 6.31, 95% CI: 1.78-22.3, P =.004). Globally, 26 patients (29.88%) underwent cystectomy. No major complications were recorded. Overall mortality (OM) was 32.2% (28 patients); the cancer-specific mortality was 13.8%. Conclusions Adjuvant bacillus Calmette-Gu\uc3\ua9rin signi\uef\uac\u81cantly reduces the risk of recurrence, as does switch to mTOR inhibitors. Multiple tumors increase the risk