Degradación de la Clorofila Presente en (Spirogyra spp.) como Indicator Socio Ambiental de la Presencia de Plaguicidas organofosforados

En la presente investigación se estudió la alteración de la clorofila presente en Spirogyra spp. como indicador de la presencia de tres plaguicidas organofosforados: Curacrón, Malatión y Acefato, a través de ensayos realizados a diferentes concentraciones de los plaguicidas durante un lapso de 72 horas de exposición. Transcurrida la etapa experimental se pudo observar la pérdida de la coloración verde de las algas como resultado de la alteración de su pigmentación natural. El análisis de varianza realizado a los resultados de la medición de la absorbancia de las muestras demuestra una disminución de la concentración de clorofila, en comparación con las muestras testigo de los ensayos. La sensibilidad de las algas al ser expuestas a los plaguicidas organofosforados es una manifestación del alto potencial bioindicador de Spirogyra spp. Este estudio brinda a los agricultores de la comunidad de San Antonio la posibilidad de detectar de manera temprana la presencia de plaguicidas en sus fuentes de agua y abre las puertas a la investigación para posteriores aplicaciones. The alteration of the chlorophyll present in Spirogyra spp. was studied as an indicator of the presence of three organophosphorus pesticides, Curacron, Malathion and Acephate, with tests carried out at different concentrations of the pesticides during a period of 72 hours of exposure. After the experimental stage, it was possible to observe the loss of the green coloration of the algae as a result of the alteration of their natural pigmentation. The analysis of variance based on the results of the measurement of the absorbance of the samples demonstrated a decrease in the concentration of chlorophyll compared to the control samples from the trials. The sensitivity of algae to being exposed to organophosphorus pesticides is a manifestation of the high bioindicator potential of Spirogyra spp., which provides farmers in the community of San Antonio the possibility of early detection of the presence of pesticides in their sources of water, and it also opens the doors to research for subsequent applications

Fibroma desmoplásico de Húmero. Reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura

Introduction: Desmoplastic fibroma (DF) is a rare primary benign bone tumor, locally aggressive, lytic, but not metastatic. It has an incidence of 0.1% of all primary bone tumors. To present the diagnosis obtained through the radiological and histological findings and the treatment decision.Case report: 64-year-old male patient who in 2009 came to the clinic due to a loxosceles bite, 8 years later he was admitted again due to signs and symptoms in his left arm, which was diagnosed as FD.Results: The patient is intervened by the radio-oncology service to start radiotherapy and managed with an orthosis by the Orthopedic service. Median, ulnar, and radial nervetransposition is proposed, but the patient does not accept the procedure.Introducción. El fibroma desmoplásico (FD) es un tumor óseo de características benignas, pero localmente agresivo, que se considera primario, raro, lítico y no metastásico; esta neoplasia representa el 0.1% de todos los tumores primarios de hueso. A continuación se presenta el caso de un paciente con FD en el cual el diagnóstico se estableció a través de los hallazgos radiológicos e histológicos y se describe la decisión de tratamiento.Presentación del caso. Paciente masculino de 64 años, quien acudió al Servicio de Ortopedia del Hospital General de México por pérdida de la fuerza progresiva del brazo y antebrazo izquierdo con disminución de los rangos de movilidad y dolor en la zona. El sujeto fue diagnosticado con FD, intervenido con radioterapia por el servicio de radiooncología y manejado con una ortesis por el servicio de ortopedia. Se planteó la posibilidad de realizar transposición de los nervios mediano, cubital y radial, pero el paciente no aceptó el procedimiento

Performance of the Extensive Air Shower Array at the Uni- versity of Puebla

Abstract We report on the performance of the EAS-UAP extensive air shower array after one year of operation. The array is located at 19N 90W, 800 g/cm 2 ; it was designed to measure the energy and arrival direction of primary cosmic rays with energies in the range of 10 14 to 10 16 eV. The array consists of 12 liquid scintillation detectors of 1m 2 effective area distributed in a square grid of 20m that measure the lateral distribution function of the electromagnetic component and 3 large water Cherenkov detectors to help improve the measurement of the time profile of the signals

Antimicrobial stewardship programs in adult intensive care units in Latin America: Implementation, assessments, and impact on outcomes

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) in adult medical-surgical intensive care units (MS-ICUs) in Latin America. DESIGN: Quasi-experimental prospective with continuous time series. SETTING: The study included 77 MS-ICUs in 9 Latin American countries. PATIENTS: Adult patients admitted to an MS-ICU for at least 24 hours were included in the study. METHODS: This multicenter study was conducted over 12 months. To evaluate the ASPs, representatives from all MS-ICUs performed a self-assessment survey (0-100 scale) at the beginning and end of the study. The impact of each ASP was evaluated monthly using the following measures: antimicrobial consumption, appropriateness of antimicrobial treatments, crude mortality, and multidrug-resistant microorganisms in healthcare-associated infections (MDRO-HAIs). Using final stewardship program quality self-assessment scores, MS-ICUs were stratified and compared among 3 groups: ≤25th percentile, \u3e25th to \u3c75th \u3epercentile, and ≥75th percentile. RESULTS: In total, 77 MS-ICU from 9 Latin American countries completed the study. Twenty MS-ICUs reached at least the 75th percentile at the end of the study in comparison with the same number who remain within the 25th percentile (score, 76.1 ± 7.5 vs 28.0 ± 7.3; P \u3c .0001). Several indicators performed better in the MS-ICUs in the 75th versus 25th percentiles: antimicrobial consumption (143.4 vs 159.4 DDD per 100 patient days; P \u3c .0001), adherence to clinical guidelines (92.5% vs 59.3%; P \u3c .0001), validation of prescription by pharmacist (72.0% vs 58.0%; P \u3c .0001), crude mortality (15.9% vs 17.7%; P \u3c .0001), and MDRO-HAIs (9.45 vs 10.96 cases per 1,000 patient days; P = .004). CONCLUSION: MS-ICUs with more comprehensive ASPs showed significant improvement in antimicrobial utilization

The Pierre Auger Observatory III: Other Astrophysical Observations

Astrophysical observations of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with the Pierre Auger ObservatoryComment: Contributions to the 32nd International Cosmic Ray Conference, Beijing, China, August 201

Measurement of the Depth of Maximum of Extensive Air Showers above 10^18 eV

We describe the measurement of the depth of maximum, Xmax, of the longitudinal development of air showers induced by cosmic rays. Almost four thousand events above 10^18 eV observed by the fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory in coincidence with at least one surface detector station are selected for the analysis. The average shower maximum was found to evolve with energy at a rate of (106 +35/-21) g/cm^2/decade below 10^(18.24 +/- 0.05) eV and (24 +/- 3) g/cm^2/decade above this energy. The measured shower-to-shower fluctuations decrease from about 55 to 26 g/cm^2. The interpretation of these results in terms of the cosmic ray mass composition is briefly discussed.Comment: Accepted for publication by PR

Operations of and Future Plans for the Pierre Auger Observatory

Technical reports on operations and features of the Pierre Auger Observatory, including ongoing and planned enhancements and the status of the future northern hemisphere portion of the Observatory. Contributions to the 31st International Cosmic Ray Conference, Lodz, Poland, July 2009.Comment: Contributions to the 31st ICRC, Lodz, Poland, July 200

Anisotropy and chemical composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays using arrival directions measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Pierre Auger Collaboration has reported evidence for anisotropy in the distribution of arrival directions of the cosmic rays with energies $E>E_{th}=5.5\times 10^{19}$ eV. These show a correlation with the distribution of nearby extragalactic objects, including an apparent excess around the direction of Centaurus A. If the particles responsible for these excesses at $E>E_{th}$ are heavy nuclei with charge $Z$, the proton component of the sources should lead to excesses in the same regions at energies $E/Z$. We here report the lack of anisotropies in these directions at energies above $E_{th}/Z$ (for illustrative values of $Z=6,\ 13,\ 26$). If the anisotropies above $E_{th}$ are due to nuclei with charge $Z$, and under reasonable assumptions about the acceleration process, these observations imply stringent constraints on the allowed proton fraction at the lower energies

Update on the correlation of the highest energy cosmic rays with nearby extragalactic matter

Data collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory through 31 August 2007 showed evidence for anisotropy in the arrival directions of cosmic rays above the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuz'min energy threshold, \nobreak{$6\times 10^{19}$eV}. The anisotropy was measured by the fraction of arrival directions that are less than $3.1^\circ$ from the position of an active galactic nucleus within 75 Mpc (using the V\'eron-Cetty and V\'eron $12^{\rm th}$ catalog). An updated measurement of this fraction is reported here using the arrival directions of cosmic rays recorded above the same energy threshold through 31 December 2009. The number of arrival directions has increased from 27 to 69, allowing a more precise measurement. The correlating fraction is $(38^{+7}_{-6})$, compared with $21$ expected for isotropic cosmic rays. This is down from the early estimate of $(69^{+11}_{-13})$. The enlarged set of arrival directions is examined also in relation to other populations of nearby extragalactic objects: galaxies in the 2 Microns All Sky Survey and active galactic nuclei detected in hard X-rays by the Swift Burst Alert Telescope. A celestial region around the position of the radiogalaxy Cen A has the largest excess of arrival directions relative to isotropic expectations. The 2-point autocorrelation function is shown for the enlarged set of arrival directions and compared to the isotropic expectation.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics on 31 August 201