152 research outputs found
Measurement of the Electromagnetic Field in Dentistry
The aim of this study was to measure the magnetic field in dentistry together with simultaneous substraction of direct ground component of the magnetic field. The research instrument used to measure the power of the magnetic field was of our own design. It measures the
magnetic field by the Hall sensor that is powered with 5 to 10 V and is integrated in one chip together with preamplifier. The sensor output is differential (Q1-Q2) and proportionate to measurement values of magnetic induction. As the values of alternate fields in a laboratory setting are small the differential output voltage should be
increased by about 100 times. Our study samples consisted of instruments currently available in dentistry: halogen lamps, polymerizing lamps, amalgam mixers, micromotors and dental chairs. On the basis of our study results and statistical analysis the following conclusions are made magnetic field spreads through space in ISOTROPIC manner. The greatest frequency obtained at the smallest distance was 100 kHz. The sensitivity of the measurement
instrument was 0.0001 μT and the majority of instruments produce magnetic radiation higher than 4o G. The power of the magnetic field decreases with increasing distance from the source. The investigated instruments produce a relatively mild magnetic field. The instruments with stronger magnetic fields are located far enough from the persons on whom they act. The newly produced instrument acts on their environment by smaller magnetic fields
Hereditary and Environmental Dental Findings in Identification of Human Remains
The paper presents the results on hereditary and environmental dental findings in
identification of human remains exhumed from mass graves in the Republic of Croatia.
The total of 17.880 teeth from all the categories (incisors, canines, premolars and molars)
was examined. Hereditary findings of the teeth such as shape, size, position, as
well as age were used in all of the cases confirming and completing the identification. In
only 15% of the cases they were the starting points for the identification that would be
later confirmed with another 3 – 5 traditional identification procedures. Disturbances
in tooth eruption were recorded in 22% of the cases, impaction of teeth in 10%, and retarded
eruption of teeth in 12%. Disturbances of tooth position were recorded in 65% of
the cases. Tooth rotation in 26% and diastema mediana in maxilla or mandible in 39%.
Disorders of tooth number in the form of unilateral and bilateral missing of lateral
maxillary incisors were recorded only in 2% of the monitored cases. Abnormalities of the
tooth shape were found in 11% of the cases. The majority of them were found on the tooth
crowns 6%, and less on the tooth roots 5%. Environmental dental findings that were the
most significant for the identifications were prosthetic appliances in 30% of cases. Prostheses
were helpful in the identification of 3% of the cases, while crowns and bridges
were helpful in 27% of the cases. Ante mortem teeth extractions were helpful in 25% of
the cases. Teeth restorations were recorded in 20 % of the identified cases, amalgams in
19% and aesthetic filings in 1%. Dental caries was helpful in only 10% of the cases, superficial
caries in 3% and caries of dentin in 7% of cases
Hereditary and Environmental Dental Findings in Identification of Human Remains
The paper presents the results on hereditary and environmental dental findings in
identification of human remains exhumed from mass graves in the Republic of Croatia.
The total of 17.880 teeth from all the categories (incisors, canines, premolars and molars)
was examined. Hereditary findings of the teeth such as shape, size, position, as
well as age were used in all of the cases confirming and completing the identification. In
only 15% of the cases they were the starting points for the identification that would be
later confirmed with another 3 – 5 traditional identification procedures. Disturbances
in tooth eruption were recorded in 22% of the cases, impaction of teeth in 10%, and retarded
eruption of teeth in 12%. Disturbances of tooth position were recorded in 65% of
the cases. Tooth rotation in 26% and diastema mediana in maxilla or mandible in 39%.
Disorders of tooth number in the form of unilateral and bilateral missing of lateral
maxillary incisors were recorded only in 2% of the monitored cases. Abnormalities of the
tooth shape were found in 11% of the cases. The majority of them were found on the tooth
crowns 6%, and less on the tooth roots 5%. Environmental dental findings that were the
most significant for the identifications were prosthetic appliances in 30% of cases. Prostheses
were helpful in the identification of 3% of the cases, while crowns and bridges
were helpful in 27% of the cases. Ante mortem teeth extractions were helpful in 25% of
the cases. Teeth restorations were recorded in 20 % of the identified cases, amalgams in
19% and aesthetic filings in 1%. Dental caries was helpful in only 10% of the cases, superficial
caries in 3% and caries of dentin in 7% of cases
Dynamic Effects of Food Consistency on Chewing Motions
The purpose of the study was to find evidence of how different types of food consistency
affect chewing motions, especially the forward, downward and sidewise extents of
motion of the lower jaw. Nineteen individuals with intact tooth sequence, aged from 20
to 37 years, were asked to chew three types of food of different consistency (banana,
bread, carrot). The motions of the lower jaw were recorded by ELITE system, i.e. the
measurement instrument that by stereo-photo-grametric procedures calculates space
co-ordinates of markers on faces of the study subjects. The system enables continuous recording
of lower jaw motions in three dimensions, without any possibility of the study
subjects’ influencing the operation of the instrument, which significantly decreases the
possibility of error. Study results have shown that in all 19 subjects a greater food consistency
increases the extent of chewing motion. In each individual study subject different
average values were found for equal shifts of lower jaw when chewing the same type
of food. Although varying from subject to subject, the chewing cycle depends to a great
extent on food consistency. By increasing the consistency of a bite, the extent of lower jaw
motion has increased in every single study subject
Foramen Mandibulae as an Indicator of Successful Conduction Anesthesia
Comparative measurements were made of 144 orthopantomographs in 50 patients
with successful and 94 patients with unsuccessful inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia.
The results show that the bony lingula is prominent in 28.5% of all patients, or in
56.0% of those with unsuccessful anesthesia. The variables mandibular notch vs. mandibular
foramen (MN-MF) and the anterior ramus ridge vs. mandibular foramen
(ARR-MF) show greater distances in the group of patients with successful anesthesia,
while the variables of posterior ramus ridge vs. mandibular foramen (PRR-MF) and
mandibular angle vs. mandibular foramen (MA-MF) were greater in the group of patients
with unsuccessful anesthesia (p > 0.05). It is concluded that the variability in position
of the mandibular foramen among others may be responsible for an occasional
failure of inferior alveolar nerve block
Tooth Morphology in Function of Selfprotective Mechanism
The degree of curvature of vestibular and oral tooth surfaces is determined by the
shape sequence from the tooth crown to the epithelial attachment and the alveolar bone,
and directly influences the health of gingiva and the entire tooth support system. The
goal of this research was to determine vestibulo-oral planes of upper and lower permanent
premolars and molars and the thickness of the associated alveolar osseous wall,
and 2,727 measurings were processed using pertinent statistical procedures. The results
have shown the degree of curvature of vestibular and oral tooth surfaces to be higher in
upper teeth than in lower ones (p>0.05); vestibular convexities higher than oral ones
and especially noticeable at the junction from the meandle to the lower third of the
crown. Higher vestibular curvature also entailed thicker osseous wall. All results were
higher than the ones found in literature. We consider our results to be relevant for our
population. The research on the relationship of teeth and the alveolar bone should be
continued by using even more test points and more sophisticated research procedures
Model for Computer Simulation of Bone Tissue
The paper deals with the dependence of the torsional moment on the angle of the
compact bone torsion in laboratory animals and humans. Based on the data for laboratory
animals obtained by measurements, the data on dependence of the torsional moment
and the angle of torsion were predicted for humans. The measurements were carried
out in four groups of laboratory animals. One was the control group, and the other
three groups were treated by various vitamin D3 metabolites. The same measurements
were performed also in only one group of humans, due to the impossibility to treat humans
with vitamin D3 metabolites. The functional relationship between the angle of torsion
and the torsional moment for all the groups of animal bone tissue were determined
by measurements, and results were used to predict the reaction of the human compact
bone tissue if treated by vitamin D3 metabolites
Influence of Diet on Dental Caries in Diabetics
Two groups of population consisting of 84 patients suffering from diabetes (60 type I,
24 type II) and 69 nondiabetics of the same age have been examined on: oral hygiene index
(OHI), frequency of daily tooth brushing, dietary habits and incidence of dental caries
by registration of the decayed, missed and filled dental surfaces (DMFS-index). OHI
in type I and type II diabetes was found to bee slightly worse than in nondiabetics, but
not significantly (p > 0.05). In the number of daily tooth brushing there is not significant
difference between diabetics and nondiabetics. All diabetics have considerably
lower daily intake of total as well as simple carbohydrates than nondiabetics. The diabetics
have a significantly higher daily intake of dietary fibers, calcium and phosphorus
as well as the number of meals with simple carbohydrates and also DMFS-index than
the nondiabetics. A significantly higher incidence (p < 0.01) of caries location was found
on the buccal and labial cervical areas among patients suffering from diabetes. Explanation
for this could be more frequent daily intake of lowmolecular carbohydrates with
an improper calcium phosphorus ratio
Measurement of Magnetic Field in Dentistry
The principal objective was to measure the magnetic fields occurring in dental surgeries
at simultaneous subtraction of direct ground component of the magnetic field. A
specifically designed instrument with the Hall probe was used for the measurement. It
consisted of two amplifiers and a low frequency filter. Its task was to measure mean
square values of the field (RMS) dependent on the position in space. Qualitative and
quantitative analyses of the investigated variables enabled making conclusions about
the magnetic fields in dental surgeries. A number of studies have shown that many dental
instruments produce radiation with magnetic field higher than 40 G, at a significant
decrease in power of the magnetic field with increasing distance from the source. It
has also been reported that instruments of older generations produce stronger magnetic
fields than do the new ones
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