Pion Charge Exchange on Deuterium

We investigate quantum corrections to a classical intranuclear cascade simulation of pion single charge exchange on the deuteron. In order to separate various effects the orders of scattering need to be distinguished and, to that end, we develop signals for each order of scattering corresponding to quasi-free conditions. Quantum corrections are evaluated for double scattering and are found to be large. Global agreement with the data is good.Comment: 30 pages, 12 figure

Towards a sustainable economy? Socio-technical transitions in the green building sector

Making the transition to a green economy is a major policy driver in the UK and other countries. Entrepreneurs are suggested as being at the forefront of this transition and as a driving force for sustainability. These “green entrepreneurs” may represent a new type of entrepreneurial behaviour combining economic, environmental and social aims. In this paper, we present empirical work conducted with green entrepreneurs in the UK green building sector. Buildings have significant impacts on the environment, both in terms of materials and post-construction energy demands. Drawing on sustainability transitions theory, we examine the role of green entrepreneurs in affecting change and suggest that green building niches are less consensual than previously theorised. In theorising green entrepreneurs, we also point to the need to consider them within wider networks of activity rather than as lone actors and the implications this has for policy

Comment on: Failure of the Work-Hamiltonian Connection for Free-Energy Calculations [Phys Rev Lett 100, 020601 (2008), arXiv:0704.0761]

We comment on a Letter by Vilar and Rubi [arXiv:0704.0761].Comment: one page, including one figure; to appear in Phys Rev Let

Finite-element analysis on cantilever beams coated with magnetostrictive material

The main focus of this paper is to highlight some of the key criteria in successful utilization of magnetostrictive materials within a cantilever based microelectromechanical system (MEMS). The behavior of coated cantilever beams is complex and many authors have offered solutions using analytical techniques. In this study, the FEMLAB finite-element multiphysics package was used to incorporate the full magnetostrictive strain tensor and couple it with partial differential equations from structural mechanics to solve simple cantilever systems. A wide range of geometries and material properties were solved to study the effects on cantilever deflection and the system resonance frequencies. The latter were found by the use of an eigen-frequency solver. The models have been tailored for comparison with other such data within the field and results also go beyond previous work

Anisotropic imbibition on surfaces patterned with polygonal posts

We present and interpret lattice Boltzmann simulations of thick films spreading on surfaces patterned with polygonal posts. We show that the mechanism of pinning and depinning differs with the direction of advance, and demonstrate that this leads to anisotropic spreading within a certain range of material contact angles.Comment: DSFD Proceedings 201

Pion double charge exchange on 4He

The doubly differential cross sections for the $^4$He$(\pi^+,\pi^-) 4p$ reaction were calculated using both a two-nucleon sequential single charge exchange model and an intranuclear cascade code. Final state interactions between the two final protons which were the initial neutrons were included in both methods. At incident pion energies of 240 and 270 MeV the low-energy peak observed experimentally in the energy spectrum of the final pions can be understood only if the contribution of pion production is included. The calculated cross sections are compared with data.Comment: 25 pages, 9 figure

H2S paper strip method - A bacteriological test for faecal coliforms in drinking water at various temperatures

Epidemics arising from waterborne diseases are a global health problem. Faecal contamination of drinking water is the main cause of these outbreaks. According to WHO (1996) for drinking water to be safe, a 100 ml sample should not contain any coliform bacteria. The standard methods currently used for routine testing have many limitations especially when applied in remote areas. The H2S method has been developed as an on-site, inexpensive and easy to use method to test drinking water for remote and rural areas. The present work analyses the reliability of the H2S method for detecting faecal contamination in drinking water. The minimum level of faecal coliforms that could be detected and the incubation period required at various levels of contamination were studied. The range of temperatures at which the method was effective and the incubation period required at various temperatures were also determined. The H2S method was found to be able to detect contamination down to a level of 1 CFU/100 ml of coliform bacteria. Although the H2S method could be used at a temperature range of 20 to 44oC, temperatures between 28 to 37oC gave faster results. An incubation period of only 24 hours was required at 37oC, which was found to be the most suitable incubation temperature. The incubation period increased with a decrease or increase in temperature

Parent materials of Yellow-brown loams in the Waikato-Coromandel district.

The yellow-brown loams of the Waikato-Coromandel region are derived from weathered airfall volcanic materials. These materials may be either direct airfall deposits, or erosion products of these deposits, described as reworked ash in some publications. In the erosion products small amounts of other rocks may be included in the parent materials, and these additions may modify to a slight degree the chemical and physical properties of the soil as a yellow-brown loam. In larger amounts these additions result in the formation of intergrades to yellow-brown earths or gley soils

COMPONENTS OF OUTDOOR RECREATIONAL VALUES: KISSIMMEE RIVER BASIN, FLORIDA

Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,