703 research outputs found
Breakthroughs in lung cancer management
In the present issue of Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra, Rico et al summarize the progress in key areas of the radiotherapeutic strategies to fight against advanced lung cancer1. Progress in radiotherapy strategies for lung cancer management has been remarkable in the last decade. We will devote some comments in the present editorial to these achievements. Nevertheless, radiotherapy (RT) has been only one of the many areas that have benefited from successful basic, translational and clinical research in lung cancer during the last decade. In the following paragraphs, we will very briefly mention some of these breakthroughs and seminal achievements that have improved the survival prospects of lung cancer patients in the decade from 2010 to 2020
Design, processing and testing of LSI arrays, hybrid microelectronics task
Mathematical cost models previously developed for hybrid microelectronic subsystems were refined and expanded. Rework terms related to substrate fabrication, nonrecurring developmental and manufacturing operations, and prototype production are included. Sample computer programs were written to demonstrate hybrid microelectric applications of these cost models. Computer programs were generated to calculate and analyze values for the total microelectronics costs. Large scale integrated (LST) chips utilizing tape chip carrier technology were studied. The feasibility of interconnecting arrays of LSU chips utilizing tape chip carrier and semiautomatic wire bonding technology was demonstrated
A comparative study of engagement in mobile and wearable health monitoring for bipolar disorder
ObjectivesSelfâmonitoring is recommended for individuals with bipolar disorder, with numerous technological solutions available. This study aimed to identify basic components of these solutions that increase engagement with selfâmonitoring.MethodsParticipants with bipolar disorder (n = 47) monitored their symptoms with a Fitbit and a smartphone app and were randomly assigned to either review or not review recorded symptoms weekly. We tested whether individuals would better adhere to and prefer monitoring with passive monitoring with an activity tracker compared to active monitoring with a smartphone app and whether individuals would better adhere to selfâmonitoring if their recorded symptoms were reviewed with an interviewer.ResultsMonitoring with a smartphone app achieved similar adherence and preference to Fitbit (P > .85). Linear mixed effects modeling found adherence decreased significantly more over the study for the Fitbit (12% more, P < .001) even though more participants reported they would use the Fitbit over a year compared to the app (72.3% vs 46.8%). Reviewing symptoms weekly did not improve adherence, but most participants reported they would prefer to review symptoms with a clinician (74.5%) and on monthly basis (57.5%) compared to alternatives. Participants endorsed sleep as the most important symptom to monitor, forgetfulness as the largest barrier to selfâmonitoring, and raising selfâawareness as the best reason for selfâmonitoring.ConclusionsWe recommend a combined strategy of wearable and mobile monitoring that includes reminders, targets raising selfâawareness, and tracks sleep. A clinician may want to review symptoms on a monthly basis.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03358238.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154615/1/bdi12849_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154615/2/bdi12849.pd
Radiologic features of small pulmonary nodules detected in initially negative screening CT examinations: a step towards personalized screening strategies?
Results of the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST)
have invigorated the discussion around performing lung
cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography
(LDCT) of the chest. The NLST trial demonstrated a
clear benefit of LDCT screening in reducing lung cancer
and all-cause mortality, by showing reduced lung cancer
mortality in high-risk individuals by about 20%, and allcause mortality by 6.7%, compared to a control group of
subjects receiving chest radiographs
Adrenomedullin expression in a rat model of acute lung injury induced by hypoxia and LPS
Adrenomedullin
(ADM) is upregulated independently by hypoxia and LPS, two key
factors in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). This study
evaluates the expression of ADM in ALI using experimental models
combining both stimuli: an in vivo model of rats treated with LPS and
acute normobaric hypoxia (9% O2) and an in vitro model of rat lung
cell lines cultured with LPS and exposed to hypoxia (1% O2). ADM
expression was analyzed by in situ hybridization, Northern blot,
Western blot, and RIA analyses. In the rat lung, combination of
hypoxia and LPS treatments overcomes ADM induction occurring
after each treatment alone. With in situ techniques, the synergistic
effect of both stimuli mainly correlates with ADM expression in
inflammatory cells within blood vessels and, to a lesser extent, to cells
in the lung parenchyma and bronchiolar epithelial cells. In the in vitro
model, hypoxia and hypoxia LPS treatments caused a similar strong
induction of ADM expression and secretion in epithelial and endothelial
cell lines. In alveolar macrophages, however, LPS-induced
ADM expression and secretion were further increased by the concomitant
exposure to hypoxia, thus paralleling the in vivo response. In
conclusion, ADM expression is highly induced in a variety of key
lung cell types in this rat model of ALI by combination of hypoxia and
LPS, suggesting an essential role for this mediator in this syndrom
Effects of acute hypoxia and lipopolysaccharide on nitric oxide synthase-2 expression in acute lung injury
The potential role of nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS2) in acute lung
injury (ALI) has gained increasing attention. This study evaluates
the effects of hypoxia, an important feature of ALI, on NOS2 expression
in a rat model of ALI caused by exposure to hypoxia and LPS.
Exposure to hypoxia alone had no effect on the expression of NOS2
in rat lungs. LPS treatment resulted in a significant increase in NOS2
in the lungs, which was further enhanced by concomitant exposure
to hypoxia. Immunohistochemical analysis and in situ hybridization
showed no changes in the expression of NOS2 in lung resident cells
under any conditions. The increase in NOS2 levels is mainly due to
the influx of NOS2-expressing inflammatory cells. By morphologic
analysis, these inflammatory cells were identified as neutrophils,
lymphocytes, and monocytes. In vitro experiments of lung epithelial
and endothelial cell lines showed no detectable expression of NOS2
with any of the treatments. In a macrophage cell line, LPS-induced
NOS2 expression was not affected by the concomitant exposure to
hypoxia. In conclusion, LPS increases NOS2 expression in rat lungs
through the recruitment of NOS2-producing leukocytes. Simultaneous
exposure to LPS and hypoxia results in a greater influx of inflammatory
cells that further enhances NOS2 expression
Preliminary Experience With the Use of Electromagnetic Navigation for the Diagnosis of Peripheral Pulmonary Nodules and Enlarged Mediastinal Lymph Nodes
Electromagnetic navigation is a new technique that can be
used with bronchoscopy to obtain samples of small peripheral
nodular lesions and enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. It is
very versatile in that it enables both transbronchial biopsies
and fine-needle aspiration to be performed. We describe
2 cases in which navigation with the superDimension/
Bronchus system combined with traditional diagnostic
techniques facilitated a definitive diagnosis by bronchoscopy.
Electromagnetic navigation can obviate the need for more
invasive diagnostic procedures such as surgery, thus saving
time and money and avoiding complications
Trasplante pulmonar
A lung transplant is usually the final therapeutic
option for patients with respiratory insufficiency. In
spite of the many advances in immunology and the
management of complications, mortality and morbidity
associated with this transplant are far higher than
with others. Acute rejection is an almost universal
problem in the first year, while obliterative bronchitis
reduces long term survival. Respiratory infections
also play a significant role in the complications associated
with lung transplants due to the constant
exposure of the graft to the outside. However, the
success of this therapeutic option, which basically
depends on a suitable selection of donor and recipient,
are evident, above all with respect to quality of
life
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