92 research outputs found
Additively manufactured polyethylene terephthalate scaffolds for Scapholunate Interosseous Ligament Reconstruction
The regeneration of the ruptured scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL)
represents a clinical challenge. Here, we propose the use of a
Bone-Ligament-Bone (BLB) 3D-printed polyethylene terephthalate (PET) scaffold
for achieving mechanical stabilisation of the scaphoid and lunate following
SLIL rupture. The BLB scaffold featured two bone compartments bridged by
aligned fibres (ligament compartment) mimicking the architecture of the native
tissue. The scaffold presented tensile stiffness in the range of 260+/-38 N/mm
and ultimate load of 113+/-13 N, which would support physiological loading. A
finite element analysis, using inverse finite element analysis for material
property identification, showed an adequate fit between simulation and
experimental data. The scaffold was then biofunctionalized using two different
methods: injected with a Gelatin Methacryloyl solution containing human
mesenchymal stem cell spheroids or seeded with tendon-derived stem cells and
placed in a bioreactor to undergo cyclic deformation. The first approach
demonstrated high cell viability, as cells migrated out of the spheroid and
colonised the interstitial space of the scaffold. These cells adopted an
elongated morphology suggesting the internal architecture of the scaffold
exerted topographical guidance. The second method demonstrated the high
resilience of the scaffold to cyclic deformation and the secretion of a
fibroblastic related protein was enhanced by the mechanical stimulation. This
process promoted the expression of relevant proteins, such as Tenomodulin,
indicating mechanical stimulation may enhance cell differentiation and be
useful prior to surgical implantation. In conclusion, the PET scaffold
presented several promising characteristics for the immediate mechanical
stabilisation of disassociated scaphoid and lunate and, in the longer-term, the
regeneration of the ruptured SLIL
Organic electrode coatings for next-generation neural interfaces
Traditional neuronal interfaces utilize metallic electrodes which in recent years have reached a plateau in terms of the ability to provide safe stimulation at high resolution or rather with high densities of microelectrodes with improved spatial selectivity. To achieve higher resolution it has become clear that reducing the size of electrodes is required to enable higher electrode counts from the implant device. The limitations of interfacing electrodes including low charge injection limits, mechanical mismatch and foreign body response can be addressed through the use of organic electrode coatings which typically provide a softer, more roughened surface to enable both improved charge transfer and lower mechanical mismatch with neural tissue. Coating electrodes with conductive polymers or carbon nanotubes offers a substantial increase in charge transfer area compared to conventional platinum electrodes. These organic conductors provide safe electrical stimulation of tissue while avoiding undesirable chemical reactions and cell damage. However, the mechanical properties of conductive polymers are not ideal, as they are quite brittle. Hydrogel polymers present a versatile coating option for electrodes as they can be chemically modified to provide a soft and conductive scaffold. However, the in vivo chronic inflammatory response of these conductive hydrogels remains unknown. A more recent approach proposes tissue engineering the electrode interface through the use of encapsulated neurons within hydrogel coatings. This approach may provide a method for activating tissue at the cellular scale, however, several technological challenges must be addressed to demonstrate feasibility of this innovative idea. The review focuses on the various organic coatings which have been investigated to improve neural interface electrodes
Use of anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents in stable outpatients with coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation. International CLARIFY registry
Fibre guiding scaffolds for periodontal tissue engineering
The periodontium is a highly hierarchically organized organ composed of gingiva, alveolar bone, periodontal ligament and cementum. Periodontitis leads to the destruction of hard and soft tissues ultimately leading to a loss of the teeth supporting apparatus. Current treatments are capable of limiting the disease progression; however, true regeneration, characterized by perpendicularly oriented periodontal ligament fibre attachment to cementum on the root surface remains challenging. Tissue engineering approaches have been developed to enhance regeneration via micro-engineered topographical features, purposely designed to guide the insertion of the regenerated ligament to the root surface. This review reports on the recent advancements in scaffold manufacturing methodologies for generating fibre guiding properties and provides a critical insight in the current limitations of these techniques for the formation of functional periodontal attachment
ALCALOIDES D'ARALIOPSIS SOYAUXII. ISOLEMENT D'UN NOUVEL ALCALOIDE, L'ARALIOPSINE
Key Word Index-Araliopsis soyauxii; Rutaceae; bark alkaloids; furoquinolines; araliopsine; hydroxyisopropyl dihy drofuro-2-quinolone. Abstract-Six alkaloids have been isolated from root bark of Araliopsis soyauxii. Five are known, maculine, flindersiamine, skimmianine, (-) ribalinine, (+) isoplatydesmine and the sixth, araliopsine is new; its structure has been established as hydroxyisopropyldihydrofuro-2-quinolone. From the trunk bark four alkaloids have been isolated: flindersiamine, kokusaginine (-) ribalinine, (+ ) isoplatydesmine
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