23 research outputs found
On the origin of radial anisotropy near subduction slabs in the mid-mantle
Recent seismic studies indicate the presence of seismic anisotropy near subducted slabs in the transition zone and uppermost lower mantle (midâmantle). In this study, we investigate the origin of radial anisotropy in the midâmantle using 3âD geodynamic subduction models combined with mantle fabric simulations. These calculations are compared with seismic tomography images to constrain the range of possible causes of the observed anisotropy. We consider three subduction scenarios: (i) slab stagnation at the bottom of the transition zone; (ii) slab trapped in the uppermost lower mantle; and (iii) slab penetration into the deep lower mantle. For each scenario, we consider a range of parameters, including several slip systems of bridgmanite and its grainâboundary mobility. Modeling of latticeâpreferred orientation shows that the upper transition zone is characterized by fastâSV radial anisotropy anomalies up to â1.5%. For the stagnating and trapped slab scenarios, the uppermost lower mantle is characterized by two fastâSH radial anisotropy anomalies of âŒ+2% beneath the slab's tip and hinge. On the other hand, the penetrating slab is associated with fastâSH radial anisotropy anomalies of up to âŒ+1.3% down to a depth of 2,000 km. Four possible easy slip systems of bridgmanite lead to a good consistency between the mantle modeling and the seismic tomography images: [100](010), [010](100), [001](100), and urn:x-wiley:ggge:media:ggge22043:ggge22043-math-0001. The anisotropy anomalies obtained from shapeâpreferred orientation calculations do not fit seismic tomography images in the midâmantle as well as latticeâpreferred orientation calculations, especially for slabs penetrating into the deep lower mantle
On the Origin of Radial Anisotropy Near Subducted Slabs in the Midmantle
Recent seismic studies indicate the presence of seismic anisotropy near subducted slabs in the transition zone and uppermost lower mantle (mid-mantle). In this study, we investigate the origin of radial anisotropy in the mid-mantle using 3-D geodynamic subduction models combined with mantle fabric simulations. These calculations are compared with seismic tomography images to constrain the range of possible causes of the observed anisotropy. We consider three subduction scenarios: (i) slab stagnation at the bottom of the transition zone; (ii) slab trapped in the uppermost lower mantle; and (iii) slab penetration into the deep lower mantle. For each scenario, we consider a range of parameters, including several slip systems of bridgmanite and its grain-boundary mobility. Modeling of lattice-preferred orientation shows that the upper transition zone is characterized by fast-SV radial anisotropy anomalies up to 121.5%. For the stagnating and trapped slab scenarios, the uppermost lower mantle is characterized by two fast-SH radial anisotropy anomalies of 3c+2% beneath the slab's tip and hinge. On the other hand, the penetrating slab is associated with fast-SH radial anisotropy anomalies of up to 3c+1.3% down to a depth of 2,000\ua0km. Four possible easy slip systems of bridgmanite lead to a good consistency between the mantle modeling and the seismic tomography images: [100](010), [010](100), [001](100), and (Formula presented.). The anisotropy anomalies obtained from shape-preferred orientation calculations do not fit seismic tomography images in the mid-mantle as well as lattice-preferred orientation calculations, especially for slabs penetrating into the deep lower mantle
Experimental Observation of a New Attenuation Mechanism in <i>hcp</i>âMetals That May Operate in the Earth's Inner Core
AbstractSeismic observations show the Earth's inner core has significant and unexplained variation in seismic attenuation with position, depth and direction. Interpreting these observations is difficult without knowledge of the viscoâ or anelastic dissipation processes active in iron under inner core conditions. Here, a previously unconsidered attenuation mechanism is observed in zinc, a low pressure analog of hcpâiron, during small strain sinusoidal deformation experiments. The experiments were performed in a deformationâDIA combined with Xâradiography, at seismic frequencies (âŒ0.003â0.1 Hz), high pressure and temperatures up to âŒ80% of melting temperature. Significant dissipation (0.077 â€Â Qâ1(Ï) â€Â 0.488) is observed along with frequency dependent softening of zinc's Young's modulus and an extremely small activation energy for creep (â©œ7 kJ molâ1). In addition, during sinusoidal deformation the original microstructure is replaced by one with a reduced dislocation density and small, uniform, grain size. This combination of behavior collectively reflects a mode of deformation called âinternal stress superplasticityâ; this deformation mechanism is unique to anisotropic materials and activated by cyclic loading generating large internal stresses. Here we observe a new form of internal stress superplasticity, which we name as âelastic strain mismatch superplasticity.â In it the large stresses are caused by the compressional anisotropy. If this mechanism is also active in hcpâiron and the Earth's innerâcore it will be a contributor to innerâcore observed seismic attenuation and constrain the maximum innerâcore grainâsize to âČ10 km.</jats:p
Experimental observation of a new attenuation mechanism in hcp-metals that may operate in the Earthâs Inner Core
Seismic observations show the Earth's inner core has significant and unexplained variation in seismic attenuation with position, depth and direction. Interpreting these observations is difficult without knowledge of the viscoâ or anelastic dissipation processes active in iron under inner core conditions. Here, a previously unconsidered attenuation mechanism is observed in zinc, a low pressure analog of hcpâiron, during small strain sinusoidal deformation experiments. The experiments were performed in a deformationâDIA combined with Xâradiography, at seismic frequencies (âŒ0.003â0.1 Hz), high pressure and temperatures up to âŒ80% of melting temperature. Significant dissipation (0.077 †Qâ1(Ï) †0.488) is observed along with frequency dependent softening of zinc's Young's modulus and an extremely small activation energy for creep (â©œ7 kJ molâ1). In addition, during sinusoidal deformation the original microstructure is replaced by one with a reduced dislocation density and small, uniform, grain size. This combination of behavior collectively reflects a mode of deformation called âinternal stress superplasticityâ; this deformation mechanism is unique to anisotropic materials and activated by cyclic loading generating large internal stresses. Here we observe a new form of internal stress superplasticity, which we name as âelastic strain mismatch superplasticity.â In it the large stresses are caused by the compressional anisotropy. If this mechanism is also active in hcpâiron and the Earth's innerâcore it will be a contributor to innerâcore observed seismic attenuation and constrain the maximum innerâcore grainâsize to âČ10 km
Experimental observation of a new attenuation mechanism in <i>hcp</i>-metals that may operate in the Earthâs Inner Core
Seismic observations show the Earthâs inner core has significant and unexplained variation in seismic attenuation with position, depth and direction. Interpreting these observations is difficult without knowledge of the visco- or anelastic dissipation processes active in hcp-iron in the inner core. Here, a previously unconsidered attenuation mechanism is observed in zinc, a low pressure analogue of hcp-iron, during small strain sinusoidal deformation experiments. The experiments were performed in a deformation-DIA combined with X-radiography, at seismic frequencies (âŒ0.003â0.1 Hz), high pressure and temperatures up toâŒ80 % of melting temperature. Significant dissipation (0.077 †Q â1 (Ï) †0.488) is observed along with frequency dependent softening of zincâs Youngâs modulus and an extremely small activation energy forcreep (â©œ 7 kJ molâ1. In addition, during sinusoidal deformation the original microstructure is replaced by one with a reduced dislocation density and small, uniform, grain size. This combination of behaviour collectively reflects a mode of deformation called âinternal stress superplasticityâ; this deformation mechanism is unique to anisotropic materials and activated by cyclic loading generating large internal stresses. Here we observe a new form of internal stress superplasticity, which we name as âelastic strain mismatch superplasticityâ. In it the large stresses are caused by the compressional anisotropy. If this mechanism is also active in hcp-iron and the Earthâs inner-core it will be a contributor to inner-core observed seismic attenuation and constrain the maximum inner-core grain-size to âČ 10 km
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Experimental Observation of a New Attenuation Mechanism in <i>hcp</i>âMetals That May Operate in the Earth's Inner Core
Publication status: PublishedFunder: U.S. Department of EnergyFunder: Office of ScienceFunder: Consortium for Materials Properties Research in Earth SciencesFunder: Mineral Physics InstituteFunder: Stony Brook UniversityAbstractSeismic observations show the Earth's inner core has significant and unexplained variation in seismic attenuation with position, depth and direction. Interpreting these observations is difficult without knowledge of the viscoâ or anelastic dissipation processes active in iron under inner core conditions. Here, a previously unconsidered attenuation mechanism is observed in zinc, a low pressure analog of hcpâiron, during small strain sinusoidal deformation experiments. The experiments were performed in a deformationâDIA combined with Xâradiography, at seismic frequencies (âŒ0.003â0.1 Hz), high pressure and temperatures up to âŒ80% of melting temperature. Significant dissipation (0.077 â€Â Qâ1(Ï) â€Â 0.488) is observed along with frequency dependent softening of zinc's Young's modulus and an extremely small activation energy for creep (â©œ7 kJ molâ1). In addition, during sinusoidal deformation the original microstructure is replaced by one with a reduced dislocation density and small, uniform, grain size. This combination of behavior collectively reflects a mode of deformation called âinternal stress superplasticityâ; this deformation mechanism is unique to anisotropic materials and activated by cyclic loading generating large internal stresses. Here we observe a new form of internal stress superplasticity, which we name as âelastic strain mismatch superplasticity.â In it the large stresses are caused by the compressional anisotropy. If this mechanism is also active in hcpâiron and the Earth's innerâcore it will be a contributor to innerâcore observed seismic attenuation and constrain the maximum innerâcore grainâsize to âČ10 km.</jats:p