Public sector wage gaps in Spanish regions.

This paper provides an approximation to the measurement of public sector wage gaps in Spanish regions. By using data from the European Community Household Panel, it is shown that the balance between what private firms pay in the local market and what the public sector pays, differs substantially in different areas of the country. Public sector wage differences among Spanish regions are mostly due to differences in returns, not to differences in characteristics or to selection effects, and are not constant across gender, educational levels, or occupations. Moreover, in those regions where Regional Governments have a higher weight in public employment, public wage gaps are higher and public employers pay higher returns. There also seems to be a cross-regional positive correlation between public wage gaps and unemployment, and a negative one between labour productivity and public wage gaps. Hence, a tentative conclusion is that the incentives to select into the public sector are higher in the low productivity regions, precisely those where scarcity of human capital in the private sector may be the most important factor for explaining economic backwardness.public sector, wage differentials, switching regressions, Spanish regions.

A MATCHING MODEL OF CROWDING-OUT AND ON-THE- JOB SEARCH (WITH AN APPLICATION TO SPAIN)

This paper considers a matching model of heterogenous and jobs which includes on-the-job search. High-educated workers transitorily accept unskilled jobs and continue to search for skilled jobs. We study the implications of this model for the unemployment rates of high and low-educated workers, for the share of mismatched workers and wage nequality both within and between skill groups. The model is used to shed light on the Spanish experience following a large educational upgrading since the mid-eighties.

Modified spinning black holes

In the context of f(R) modified gravity theories we determine that the black holes existence is determined by the sign of a parameter dependent of the mass, the charge, the spin and the scalar curvature. We obtain the different astrophysical objects derived from the presence of different horizons. Thermodynamics for this kind of black holes is studied for negative values of the curvature, revealing that we can distinguish between two kinds of BH: fast and slow.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures, Contribution to the ERE2011 Spanish Relativity Meeting, Madrid 201

Instantaneous, Short-Term and Predictive Long-Term Power Balancing Techniques in Intelligent Distribution Grids

Part 12: Integration of Power Electronics Systems with ICT - IIInternational audienceAn increased number of distributed small generators connected to the power grid allows higher total efficiency and higher stability of electrical power supply by exporting energy to the grid to be achieved during peak demand hours. On the other hand, it poses new challenges in structuring and developing the control approaches for these distributed energy resources. This paper proposes an improved method of real-time power balancing targeted to reaching long-term energy management objectives. The novel long-term energy management technique is proposed, that is based on load categorization and regulation of energy consumption by regulating electricity price function estimated with the proposed mathematical model. The method was evaluated by a LabVIEW model by simulating various types of loads. The price function for the defined energy generation pattern from renewable energy sources was obtained

Dual employment protection legislation : a framework for analysis

In many countries, Employment Protection Legislation (EPL) establishes different regulations for certain groups of workers who face more disadvantages in the labor market (young workers, women, unskilled workers, etc.) with the aim of improving their employability. Well-known examples are the introduction of atypical employment contracts (e.g., temporary and determined-duration contracts) which ease firing restrictions for some, but not all, workers. This paper discusses the effects of EPL varying among workers of different skills on the level and composition of unemployment, job flows, productivity and welfare. By using an extension of Mortensen-Pissarides’ (1994) search model where heterogeneous workers compete for the same jobs, we are able to identify several key channels through which changing firing costs for some groups of workers affects hiring and firing of all workers and, hence, may have a different impact on aggregate labor market variables than reducing firing costs across the board. Some analytical and simulation results also show that these effects of differentiated firing costs by workers’ skills may be different depending upon the initial state of the labor market.[resumen de autor

Capturing the Invisible Wealth in Nonprofits to Overcome Myopic Perceptions

Since nonprofits use third-party funds for their activities, they are often perceived as resource managers or spending units, instead of being considered as social wealth generating entities. The aim of this study is to help to overcome this myopic perception by showing how the invisible wealth generated by these organizations can be made visible. We use the SROI methodology to do so, by identifying stakeholders, outcomes (tangible, intangible) and social impacts in a drug addiction treatment centre. The results show that social impact in monetary terms exceeds that of the inputs used, confirming the idea that addiction-based nonprofits are social wealth generating units. The conclusion drawn is that social impact measurement should be widely used as a management tool and a mechanism for reinforcing the social image of nonprofits