3,443 research outputs found
Hadronic Equation of State and Speed of Sound in Thermal and Dense Medium
The equation of state and speed of sound squared are
studied in grand canonical ensemble of all hadron resonances having masses
GeV. This large ensemble is divided into strange and non-strange
hadron resonances and furthermore to pionic, bosonic and femionic sectors. It
is found that the pions represent the main contributors to and other
thermodynamic quantities including the equation of state at low
temperatures. At high temperatures, the main contributions are added in by the
massive hadron resonances. The speed of sound squared can be calculated from
the derivative of pressure with respect to the energy density, , or from the entropy-specific heat ratio, . It is
concluded that the physics of these two expressions is not necessarily
identical. They are distinguishable below and above the critical temperature
. This behavior is observed at vanishing and finite chemical potential. At
high temperatures, both expressions get very close to each other and both of
them approach the asymptotic value, . In the HRG results, which are only
valid below , the difference decreases with increasing the temperature and
almost vanishes near . It is concluded that the HRG model can very well
reproduce the results of the lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) of and , especially at finite chemical potential. In
light of this, energy fluctuations and other collective phenomena associated
with the specific heat might be present in the HRG model. At fixed
temperatures, it is found that is not sensitive to the chemical
potential.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures with 13 eps graph
The Hagedorn temperature Revisited
The Hagedorn temperature, T_H is determined from the number of hadronic
resonances including all mesons and baryons. This leads to a stable result T_H
= 174 MeV consistent with the critical and the chemical freeze-out temperatures
at zero chemical potential. We use this result to calculate the speed of sound
and other thermodynamic quantities in the resonance hadron gas model for a wide
range of baryon chemical potentials following the chemical freeze-out curve. We
compare some of our results to those obtained previously in other papers.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure
Indirect Evidence for L\'evy Walks in Squeeze Film Damping
Molecular flow gas damping of mechanical motion in confined geometries, and
its associated noise, is important in a variety of fields, including precision
measurement, gravitational wave detection, and MEMS devices. We used two
torsion balance instruments to measure the strength and distance-dependence of
`squeeze film' damping. Measured quality factors derived from free decay of
oscillation are consistent with gas particle superdiffusion in L\'evy walks and
inconsistent with those expected from traditional Gaussian random walk particle
motion. The distance-dependence of squeeze film damping observed in our
experiments is in agreement with a parameter-free Monte Carlo simulation. The
squeeze film damping of the motion of a plate suspended a distance d away from
a parallel surface scales with a fractional power between 1/d and 1/d^2.Comment: 5 pages 5 figures accepted for PRD; typo in equation 3 and figure 1
fixe
Strangeness, Equilibration, Hadronization
In these remarks I explain the motivation which leads us to consider chemical
nonequilibrium processes in flavor equilibration and in statistical
hadroniziation of quark--gluon plasma (QGP). Statistical hadronization allowing
for chemical non-equilibrium is introduced. The reesults of fits to
RHIC-130 results, including multistrange hadrons, are shown to agree only
with the model of an exploding QGP fireball.Comment: 8 pages including one figure, discussion contribution at Strange
Quark Matter 2001, Frankfurt, submitted to J. Phys.
Quantum Collective QCD String Dynamics
The string breaking model of particle production is extended in order to help
explain the transverse momentum distribution in elementary collisions. Inspired
by an idea of Bialas', we treat the string using a collective coordinate
approach. This leads to a chromo-electric field strength which fluctuates, and
in turn implies that quarks are produced according to a thermal distribution.Comment: 6 pages. Presented at SQM 2006. Submitted to J. Phys. G for
publication in proceedings. Vers. 2: Minor revisions; final hadron spectrum
calculation include
Spectrum and thermodynamic properties of two-dimensional N=(1,1) super Yang-Mills theory with fundamental matter and a Chern-Simons term
We consider N=(1,1) super Yang-Mills theory in 1+1 dimensions with
fundamentals at large-N_c. A Chern-Simons term is included to give mass to the
adjoint partons. Using the spectrum of the theory, we calculate thermodynamic
properties of the system as a function of the temperature and the Yang-Mills
coupling. In the large-N_c limit there are two non-communicating sectors, the
glueball sector, which we presented previously, and the meson-like sector that
we present here. We find that the meson-like sector dominates the
thermodynamics. Like the glueball sector, the meson sector has a Hagedorn
temperature T_H, and we show that the Hagedorn temperature grows with the
coupling. We calculate the temperature and coupling dependence of the free
energy for temperatures below T_H. As expected, the free energy for weak
coupling and low temperature grows quadratically with the temperature. Also the
ratio of the free energies at strong coupling compared to weak coupling,
r_{s-w}, for low temperatures grows quadratically with T. In addition, our data
suggest that r_{s-w} tends to zero in the continuum limit at low temperatures.Comment: 34 p
Avoided crossings in mesoscopic systems: electron propagation on a non-uniform magnetic cylinder
We consider an electron constrained to move on a surface with revolution
symmetry in the presence of a constant magnetic field parallel to the
surface axis. Depending on and the surface geometry the transverse part of
the spectrum typically exhibits many crossings which change to avoided
crossings if a weak symmetry breaking interaction is introduced. We study the
effect of such perturbations on the quantum propagation. This problem admits a
natural reformulation to which tools from molecular dynamics can be applied. In
turn, this leads to the study of a perturbation theory for the time dependent
Born-Oppenheimer approximation
Particle Ratios as a Probe of the QCD Critical Temperature
We show how the measured particle ratios can be used to provide non-trivial
information about the critical temperature of the QCD phase transition. This is
obtained by including the effects of highly massive Hagedorn resonances on
statistical models, which are used to describe hadronic yields. The inclusion
of Hagedorn states creates a dependence of the thermal fits on the Hagedorn
temperature, , which is assumed to be equal to , and leads to an
overall improvement of thermal fits. We find that for Au+Au collisions at RHIC
at GeV the best square fit measure, , occurs at
MeV and produces a chemical freeze-out temperature of 172.6 MeV
and a baryon chemical potential of 39.7 MeV.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
High Temperature Limit of the IIA Matrix Model
The high temperature limit of a system of two D-0 branes is investigated. The
partition function can be expressed as a power series in (inverse
temperature). The leading term in the high temperature expression of the
partition function and effective potential is calculated {\em exactly}.
Physical quantities like the mean square separation can also be exactly
determined in the high temperature limit. We comment on SU(3) IIB matrix model
and the difficulties to study it.Comment: Lattice 2000 (Gravity and Matrix Models
A Video Curriculum for the Listening Comprehension Classes of the Center for Intensive English Language Studies in Islamabad, Pakistan
Having worked as a video specialist at the School for International Training in Brattleboro, Vermont, I saw the opportunity to augment the listening comprehension curriculum at the Center for Intensive English Language Studies in Islamabad, Pakistan, with a supplementary curriculum based on the use of video materials while working there as an intern teacher in June - October, 1986. The curriculum was designed in answer to a demand for interesting materials that would aid in fulfilling one of CIELS\u27 curricular goals to further prepare their students, all officials of the Pakistan government, both culturally and academically, for study in the United States. My proposed curriculum called for developing an operations manual to assist the CIELS teachers in running the video equipment, establishing a videocassette library for ready access to materials, developing a series of lesson plans for presenting some of the materials in the library, and conducting two in-service trainings for the CIELS staff on operating the videotape equipment and teaching with video as a medium. In addition to this, I wrote a paper justifying the use of video as a medium for teaching language and explaining the process I went through in writing the Supplementary Video Curriculum for .CIELS Listening Comprehension Classes
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