660 research outputs found
Multiple scattering and attenuation corrections in Deep Inelastic Neutron Scattering experiments
Multiple scattering and attenuation corrections in Deep Inelastic Neutron
Scattering experiments are analyzed. The theoretical basis is stated, and a
Monte Carlo procedure to perform the calculation is presented. The results are
compared with experimental data. The importance of the accuracy in the
description of the experimental parameters is tested, and the implications of
the present results on the data analysis procedures is examined.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figure
Populations of rotating stars II. Rapid rotators and their link to Be-type stars
Even though it is broadly accepted that single Be stars are rapidly rotating
stars surrounded by a flat rotating circumstellar disk, there is still a debate
about how fast these stars rotate and also about the mechanisms involved in the
angular-momentum and mass input in the disk. We study the properties of stars
that rotate near their critical-rotation rate and investigate the properties of
the disks formed by equatorial mass ejections. We used the most recent Geneva
stellar evolutionary tracks for rapidly rotating stars that reach the critical
limit and used a simple model for the disk structure. We obtain that for a 9
Msun star at solar metallicity, the minimum average velocity during the Main
Sequence phase to reach the critical velocity is around 330 km/s, whereas it
would be 390 km/s at the metallicity of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). Red
giants or supergiants originating from very rapid rotators rotate six times
faster and show N/C ratios three times higher than those originating from
slowly rotating stars. This difference becomes stronger at lower metallicity.
It might therefore be very interesting to study the red giants in clusters that
show a large number of Be stars on the MS band. On the basis of our single-star
models, we show that the observed Be-star fraction with cluster age is
compatible with the existence of a temperature-dependent lower limit in the
velocity rate required for a star to become a Be star. The mass, extension, and
diffusion time of the disks produced when the star is losing mass at the
critical velocity, obtained from simple parametrized expressions, are not too
far from those estimated for disks around Be-type stars. At a given
metallicity, the mass and the extension of the disk increase with the initial
mass and with age on the MS phase. Denser disks are expected in low-metallicity
regions.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A, language edite
Localized magnetoplasmon modes arising from broken translational symmetry in semiconductor superlattices
The electromagnetic propagator associated with the localized collective
magnetoplasmon excitations in a semiconductor superlattice with broken
translational symmetry, is calculated analytically within linear response
theory. We discuss the properties of these collective excitations in both
radiative and non-radiative regimes of the electromagnetic spectra. We find
that low frequency retarded modes arise when the surface density of carriers at
the symmetry breaking layer is lower than the density at the remaining layers.
Otherwise a doublet of localized, high-frequency magnetoplasmon-like modes
occurs.Comment: Revtex file + separate pdf figure
Efficient procedure for the evaluation of multiple scattering and multiphonon corrections in inelastic neutron-scattering experiments
10 págs.; 7 figs.; 1 tab.We present a full set of procedures to evaluate the experimental corrections needed to derive physically meaningful quantities from the measured neutron intensities in inelastic neutron-scattering experiments. Multiple-scattering corrections are evaluated by means of a Monte Carlo code, in which a combination of experimental data and the Synthetic Model is used to account for neutron-molecule interactions. Multiphonon corrections are treated with an iterative scheme. To illustrate the procedure the densities of vibrational states of deuterated water and ice near room temperature are evaluated from data measured in a chopper spectrometer. ©1998 American Physical SocietyPeer Reviewe
Formalism for obtaining nuclear momentum distributions by the Deep Inelastic Neutron Scattering technique
We present a new formalism to obtain momentum distributions in condensed
matter from Neutron Compton Profiles measured by the Deep Inelastic Neutron
Scattering technique. The formalism describes exactly the Neutron Compton
Profiles as an integral in the momentum variable . As a result we obtain a
Volterra equation of the first kind that relates the experimentally measured
magnitude with the momentum distributions of the nuclei in the sample. The
integration kernel is related with the incident neutron spectrum, the total
cross section of the filter analyzer and the detectors efficiency function. A
comparison of the present formalism with the customarily employed approximation
based on a convolution of the momentum distribution with a resolution function
is presented. We describe the inaccuracies that the use of this approximation
produces, and propose a new data treatment procedure based on the present
formalism.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figure
The impact of mass-loss on the evolution and pre-supernova properties of red supergiants
The post main-sequence evolution of massive stars is very sensitive to many
parameters of the stellar models. Key parameters are the mixing processes, the
metallicity, the mass-loss rate and the effect of a close companion. We study
how the red supergiant lifetimes, the tracks in the Hertzsprung-Russel diagram
(HRD), the positions in this diagram of the pre-supernova progenitor as well as
the structure of the stars at that time change for various mass-loss rates
during the red supergiant phase (RSG), and for two different initial rotation
velocities. The surface abundances of RSGs are much more sensitive to rotation
than to the mass-loss rates during that phase. A change of the RSG mass-loss
rate has a strong impact on the RSG lifetimes and therefore on the luminosity
function of RSGs. At solar metallicity, the enhanced mass-loss rate models do
produce significant changes on the populations of blue, yellow and red
supergiants. When extended blue loops or blue ward excursions are produced by
enhanced mass-loss, the models predict that a majority of blue (yellow)
supergiants are post RSG objects. These post RSG stars are predicted to show
much smaller surface rotational velocities than similar blue supergiants on
their first crossing of the HR gap. The position in the HRD of the end point of
the evolution depends on the mass of the hydrogen envelope. More precisely,
whenever, at the pre-supernova stage, the H-rich envelope contains more than
about 5\% of the initial mass, the star is a red supergiant, and whenever the
H-rich envelope contains less than 1\% of the total mass the star is a blue
supergiant. For intermediate situations, intermediate colors/effective
temperatures are obtained. Yellow progenitors for core collapse supernovae can
be explained by the enhanced mass-loss rate models, while the red progenitors
are better fitted by the standard mass-loss rate models.Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures, 6 tables, accepted for publication in Astronomy
and Astrophysic
Ayudante interactivo para los algoritmos de Prim y Kruskal
Uno de los elementos clave de los algoritmos
voraces es una función de selección de candidatos
que garantiza un resultado óptimo. Hemos
desarrollado una colección de ayudantes
interactivos diseñados para ayudar al alumno a
identificar funciones de selección óptimas para
problemas concretos. El proceso de identificación
es un experimento (al estilo de las ciencias
experimentales), en el que el alumno prueba de
forma planificada posibles funciones de selección
y decide cuáles son óptimas. En esta
comunicación presentamos un ayudante
interactivo desarrollado para soportar el método
experimental aplicado al problema del árbol de
recubrimiento de coste mínimo (resoluble por los
conocidos algoritmos de Prim y Kruskal). La
contribución de la comunicación es doble: un
estudio bibliográfico sobre el tratamiento del
problema en una selección de 12 libros de texto de
reconocido prestigio, y el propio ayudante
interactivo, llamado TuMiST. Esta aplicación
educativa se ha utilizado en clase durante los
cursos académicos 2008-2009 y 2009-2010.Peer Reviewe
Anisotropic Magnetoresistance in Manganites: Model and Experiment
We present measurements of anisotropic magnetoresistance of
La_{0.75}Sr_{0.25}MnO_3 films deposited on (001) SrTiO_3 substrates, and
develop a model to describe the low temperature AMR in manganites. We measure
an AMR of the order of 10^{-3} for the current I parallel to the [100] axis of
the crystal and vanishing AMR for I//[110], in agreement with the model
predictions.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Rate compatible modulation for non-orthogonal multiple access
We propose a new Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) coding scheme based on the
use of a Rate Compatible Modulation (RCM) encoder for each user. By properly designing the encoders
and taking advantage of the additive nature of the Multiple Access Channel (MAC), the joint decoder from
the inputs of all the users can be represented by a bipartite graph corresponding to a standard point-topoint RCM structure with certain constraints. Decoding is performed over this bipartite graph utilizing the
sum-product algorithm. The proposed scheme allows the simultaneous transmission of a large number of
uncorrelated users at high rates, while the decoding complexity is the same as that of standard point-to-point
RCM schemes. When Rayleigh fast fading channels are considered, the BER vs SNR performance improves
as the number of simultaneous users increases, as a result of the averaging effect
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