From Coolidge to Christie: Historical Antecedents of Current Government Officials Dealing with Public Sector Labor Unions

One might ask: what do Calvin Coolidge, Ronald Reagan, Scott Walker and Chris Christie have in common? The most obvious answer is that they all are (or were) Republican Governors, but these four men have something much deeper in common. All four have faced-off against powerful public sector labor unions and won. This paper will address and examine the similarities between the anti-union actions taken by these men— Coolidge and the Boston Police Strike of 1919, Reagan and the Professional Air Traffic Controllers (“PATCO”) Strike of 1981, and Walker and Christie’s recent dealings with public employee unions. In the end, the reader will view the work of these political figures as an inspirational passing of the torch between political eras. This paper will also briefly look ahead and discuss where this new wave of government-union interaction might lead public sector labor relations in the future

Obama\u27s First Trade War: The US-Mexico Cross-Border Trucking Dispute and the Implications of Strategic Cross-Sector Retaliation on U.S. Compliance Under NAFTA

Mexico\u27s recent decision to employ strategic cross-sector retaliation against the US in response to the US suspension of the 2007 Cross-Border Trucking Development pilot program is a significant development in NAFTA relations. Never before has a NAFTA member imposed sanctions in this way to pressure a fellow member to comply with its NAFTA obligations. To date, this remedy has been utilized only in two WTO cases. In both these asymmetric disputes, the larger stat either withdrew the offending trade measure or modified its commitments to avoid the political fallout of targeted sanctions back home in unrelated industry sectors. The WTO\u27s record of success at this final stage of dispute resolute underpins the Mexican government\u27s decision to utilize this remedy under NAFTA. Mexico\u27s hope is that targeted import duties on selected goods in key Democratic states will result in sufficient pressure on Congress and the White House to restart the trucking program without igniting a trade war. This is a risky move, but all signs indicate that the US government is moving closer to bringing its cross-border trucking policy in line with NAFTA

Close The Loophole: The Marketplace Fairness Act and its Likely Passage

In this stagnant economy, brick and mortar retailers (brick and mortars) are voicing increasingly strong objections to the current state of online tax collection considering they must always collect state sales tax. Due in part to this uneven playing field, brick and mortars lose thousands of dollars a day in sales to online retailers. States, too, are losing revenue in the form of unpaid use taxes and, like the brick and mortars, are proponents of legislation allowing states to require online retailers to collect sales tax from their customers. Proponents of federal legislation on this issue point to the fact that sales tax revenues currently amount to approximately $150 billion annually and constitute about one-third of state revenues, making federal action a matter of fiscal responsibility. Conversely, opponents temper these numbers by citing data that the sales tax due for all consumer e-commerce is only 0.5% of total state and local tax revenue

A counterexample in the theory of DD-spaces

Assuming $\diamondsuit$, we construct a $T_2$ example of a hereditarily Lindel\"of space of size $\omega_1$ which is not a $D$-space. The example has the property that all finite powers are also Lindel\"of.Comment: 15 pages, submitted to Top. App

Growth and reproductive characteristics of C4 weeds under climatic conditions of the Czech Republic

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Finite element simulation of tensile test of composite materials manufactured by 3D printing

© 2020 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved. A principle of 3D printing is based on formation of continuous layers of materials up to a formation of the final shape. Materials for production of given components are composite materials, especially on the basis of so-termed CFRP, CRP, (carbon fibre - so-termed polymers reinforced by carbon fibres). The objective of this paper is to predict the deformation length of carbon/onyx composite laminates using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and compare with universal testing machine INOVA FU 160 deformation results through the tensile load. Specimen were printed at raster orientation angles of 0°, 45° and 90° to test orientation effects on part strength. 16 ply CFRP specimens with various stacking sequences were analysed for their strength and displacements. A shell model has been established for simulation of the tensile test composite specimen which enables to understand the mechanical strength and strain at failure of the composite materials. The simulations of experiment are provided in FEM program ANSYS and ANSYS/Workbench

Diffusion length measurements in solar cells: An analysis and comparison of techniques

A brief review of the major techniques for measuring minority carrier diffusion lengths in solar cells is given. Emphasis is placed on comparing limits of applicability for each method, especially as applied to silicon cells or to gallium arsenide cells, including the effects of radiation damage