Limited Resection Versus Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Duodenal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors? Enucleation Interferes in the Debate: A European Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study

Background The optimal surgical procedure for duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (D-GISTs) remains poorly defined. Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) allows for a wide resection but is associated with a high morbidity rate. Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the short- and long-term outcomes of PD versus limited resection (LR) for D-GISTs and to evaluate the role of tumor enucleation (EN). Methods In this retrospective European multicenter cohort study, 100 patients who underwent resection for D-GIST between 2001 and 2013 were compared between PD (n = 19) and LR (n = 81). LR included segmental duodenectomy (n = 47), wedge resection (n = 21), or EN (n = 13). The primary objective was to evaluate disease-free survival (DFS) between the groups, while the secondary objectives were to analyze the overall morbidity and mortality, radicality of resection, and 5-year overall survival (OS) and recurrence rates between groups. Furthermore, the short- and long-term outcomes of EN were evaluated. Results Baseline characteristics were comparable between the PD and LR groups, except for a more frequent D2 tumor location in the PD group (68.3% vs. 29.6%; p = 0.016). Postoperative morbidity was higher after PD (68.4% vs. 23.5%; p < 0.001). OS (p = 0.70) and DFS (p = 0.64) were comparable after adjustment for D2 location and adjuvant therapy rate. EN was performed more in American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) stage III/IV patients with tumors < 5 cm and was associated with a 5-year OS rate of 84.6%, without any disease recurrences. Conclusions For D-GISTs, LR should be the procedure of choice due to lower morbidity and similar oncological outcomes compared with PD. In selected patients, EN appears to be associated with equivalent short- and long-term outcomes. Based on these results, a surgical treatment algorithm is proposed

Stoma-free survival after anastomotic leak following rectal cancer resection: worldwide cohort of 2470 patients

Background: the optimal treatment of anastomotic leak after rectal cancer resection is unclear. this worldwide cohort study aimed to provide an overview of four treatment strategies applied. Methods: Patients from 216 centres and 45 countries with anastomotic leak after rectal cancer resection between 2014 and 2018 were included. treatment was categorized as salvage surgery, faecal diversion with passive or active (vacuum) drainage, and no primary/secondary faecal diversion. The primary outcome was 1-year stoma-free survival. In addition, passive and active drainage were compared using propensity score matching (2 : 1). results: Of 2470 evaluable patients, 388 (16.0 per cent) underwent salvage surgery, 1524 (62.0 per cent) passive drainage, 278 (11.0 per cent) active drainage, and 280 (11.0 per cent) had no faecal diversion. one-year stoma-free survival rates were 13.7, 48.3, 48.2, and 65.4 per cent respectively. propensity score matching resulted in 556 patients with passive and 278 with active drainage. there was no statistically significant difference between these groups in 1-year stoma-free survival (OR 0.95, 95 per cent c.i. 0.66 to 1.33), with a risk difference of -1.1 (95 per cent c.i. -9.0 to 7.0) per cent. after active drainage, more patients required secondary salvage surgery (OR 2.32, 1.49 to 3.59), prolonged hospital admission (an additional 6 (95 per cent c.i. 2 to 10) days), and ICU admission (OR 1.41, 1.02 to 1.94). Mean duration of leak healing did not differ significantly (an additional 12 (-28 to 52) days). Conclusion: Primary salvage surgery or omission of faecal diversion likely correspond to the most severe and least severe leaks respectively. In patients with diverted leaks, stoma-free survival did not differ statistically between passive and active drainage, although the increased risk of secondary salvage surgery and ICU admission suggests residual confounding

Stoma-free Survival After Rectal Cancer Resection With Anastomotic Leakage: Development and Validation of a Prediction Model in a Large International Cohort

Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate a prediction model (STOMA-score) for one-year stoma-free survival in rectal cancer (RC) patients with anastomotic leakage (AL). Background: AL after RC resection often results in a permanent stoma. Methods: This international retrospective cohort study (TENTACLE-Rectum) encompassed 216 participating centres, and included patients who developed AL after RC surgery between 2014-2018. Clinically relevant predictors for one-year stoma-free survival were included in uni- and multivariable logistic regression models. The STOMA-score was developed and internally validated in a cohort of patients operated between 2014-2017, with subsequent temporal validation in a 2018 cohort. The discriminative power and calibration of the models' performance were evaluated. Results: This study included 2499 AL patients; 1954 in the development cohort and 545 in the validation cohort. Baseline characteristics were comparable. One-year stoma-free survival was 45.0% in the development cohort and 43.7% in the validation cohort. The following predictors were included in the STOMA-score: sex, age, ASA-classification, body mass index, clinical M-disease, neoadjuvant therapy, abdominal- and transanal approach, primary defunctioning stoma, multivisceral resection, clinical setting in which AL was diagnosed, postoperative day of AL diagnosis, abdominal contamination, anastomotic defect circumference, bowel wall ischemia, anastomotic fistula, retraction and reactivation leakage. The STOMA-score showed good discrimination and calibration (c-index 0.71, 95%CI 0.66-0.76). Conclusion: The STOMA-score consists of eighteen clinically relevant factors and estimates the individual risk for one-year stoma-free survival in patients with AL after RC surgery, which may improve patient counselling and give guidance when analyzing efficacy of different treatment strategies in future studies

Stoma-free survival after anastomotic leak following rectal cancer resection : worldwide cohort of 2470 patients

Funding Information: The TENTACLE-Rectum study was funded by Medtronic External Research Program. The authors declare no other conflict of interest.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Trials

BACKGROUND: Postoperative upper gastrointestinal fistula (PUGIF) is a devastating complication, leading to high mortality (reaching up to 80%), increased length of hospital stay, reduced health-related quality of life and increased health costs. Nutritional support is a key component of therapy in such cases, which is related to the high prevalence of malnutrition. In the prophylactic setting, enteral nutrition (EN) is associated with a shorter hospital stay, a lower incidence of severe infectious complications, lower severity of complications and decreased cost compared to total parenteral nutrition (TPN) following major upper gastrointestinal (GI) surgery. There is little evidence available for the curative setting after fistula occurrence. We hypothesize that EN increases the 30-day fistula closure rate in PUGIF, allowing better health-related quality of life without increasing the morbidity or mortality. METHODS/DESIGN: The NUTRILEAK trial is a multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, open-label phase III trial to assess the efficacy of EN (the experimental group) compared with TPN (the control group) in patients with PUGIF. The primary objective of the study is to compare EN versus TPN in the treatment of PUGIF (after esophagogastric resection including bariatric surgery, duodenojejunal resection or pancreatic resection with digestive tract violation) in terms of the 30-day fistula closure rate. Secondary objectives are to evaluate the 6-month postrandomization fistula closure rate, time of first fistula closure (in days), the medical- and surgical treatment-related complication rate at 6 months after randomization, the fistula-related complication rate at 6 months after randomization, the type and severity of early (30 days after randomization) and late fistula-related complications (over 30 days after randomization), 30-day and 6-month postrandomization mortality rate, nutritional status at day 30, day 60, day 90 and day 180 postrandomization, the mean length of hospital stay, the patient's health-related quality of life (by self-assessment questionnaire), oral feeding time and direct costs of treatment. A total of 321 patients will be enrolled. DISCUSSION: The two nutritional supports are already used in daily practice, but most surgeons are reluctant to use the enteral route in case of PUGIF. This study will be the first randomized trial testing the role of EN versus TPN in PUGIF. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03742752. Registered on 14 November 2018.This research program is funded by the French Ministry of Health through Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique 2016

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Etude des effets d'irradiation dans le polytype cubique du carbure de silicium par les techniques spectroscopiques de photoluminescence et de résonance paramagnétique électronique.

This experimental work involved the study of point defects induced by electron irradiation in the crystal structure of cubic silicon carbide (SiC) using spectroscopic techniques at low temperature photoluminescence (LTPL) and electron spin resonance (ESR) . The first of these measurement tools has allowed to estimate the energy seujl displacement in the silicon sub-network and then analyze the thermal stability of radiation defects in the field of low temperatures (10 - 300K) then range of high temperatures (300 - 1400 K). Moreover, on the basis of a recent theoretical model, this thesis has confirmed the proposal of the isolated silicon antisite center D! One whose persistence beyond the design operating temperature nuclear fission reactors of Generation IV, which is partly intended SiC, is particularly problematic. Measures taken by EPR under illumination were finally allowed to detect a new defect in its metastable state spin S = 1, possibly associated with a configuration of interstitial silicon.Ce travail expérimental a consisté en l'étude des défauts ponctuels induits par une irradiation électronique dans la structure cristallographique cubique du carbure de silicium (SiC) au moyen des techniques spectroscopiques de photoluminescence à basse température (LTPL) et de résonance paramagnétique électronique (RPE). Le premier de ces deux outils de mesures a permis d'estimer l'énergie seujl de déplacement dans le sous-réseau silicium puis d'analyser la stabilité thermique des défauts d'irradiation dans le domaine des basses températures (10 – 300K) puis dans la gamme des hautes températures (300 – 1400 K). Par ailleurs, sur la base d'un modèle théorique récent, cette thèse a corroboré la proposition de l'antisite de silicium isolé pour le centre D! 1 dont la persistance au-delà de la température nominale de fonctionnement des réacteurs nucléaires à fission de génération IV, pour lequel SiC est en partie destiné, se révèle particulièrement problématique. Des mesures entreprises par RPE sous illumination ont enfin permises de détecter un nouveau défaut dans son état métastable de spin S=1, possiblement associé à une configuration d'interstitiel de silicium

Carcinomes épidermoïdes de l anus (résultats de l amputation abdomino-périnéale et du lambeau de grand droit)

Le traitement de référence des carcinomes épidermoïdes du canal anal est une association radio-chimiothérapie. Une amputation abdomino-périnéale (APP) est néanmoins indiquée en cas de persistance ou de récidive. L utilisation d un lambeau de muscle grand droit (LDG) est une alternative pour la fermeture du périnée. Les objectifs de cette étude étaient de rapporter les résultats carcinologiques au long cours après AAP et d étudier l impact du LGD sur la cicatrisation et la survie des patients. De 1995 à 2007, tous les patients opérés d une AAP ont été inclus dans cette étude. Les caractéristiques cliniques des patients, les traitements, le stade histologique, les suites post-opératoires étaient recueillies rétrospectivement. Résultats : 95 patients (70 femmes) ont été inclus. 87 avaient une radiothérapie néoadjuvante. Les indications opératoires étaient récidive (n=46), persistance de la tumeur (n=41), AAP d emblée (n=8). 43 LGD ont été réalisés. La mortalité a été de 2,1%. 29 patients ont eu une ou plusieurs complications et 20 ont du être réopérés. Dans la moitié des cas, la reprise chirurgicale était indiquée pour sepsis périnéal. Le délai moyen de cicatrisation était significativement raccourci grâce au LGD (19 j vs. 117 j; p=0,0019). Le pourcentage de temps de survie avec des soins périnéaux était également plus faible (5,6% vs. 19,4%; p=0,0176). Avec un recul moyen de 41 mois, les survies globale et sans récidive à 5 ans étaient de 55,6% et 45,1%. Le LGD ne modifiait pas la survie ni le risque de récidive locale. Bien que ne modifiant pas le pronostic du cancer, le LGD permet d améliorer la cicatrisation des patients après AAP.PARIS6-Bibl.Pitié-Salpêtrie (751132101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Génétique du cancer colorectal (polyposes adénomateuses non liées à APC et cancers de survenue précoce)

Le cancer colorectal (CCR) est le troisième cancer dans le monde et devenu un véritable enjeu de santé publique. Environ 5% sont associés à une forme familiale : la polypose adénomateuse familiale, le Syndrome de Lynch et la MAP (MUTYH-Associated Polyposis). Implication du syndrome MAP dans les polyposes: Parmi 31 patients avec une polypose sans mutation sur APC, 6 (20%) présentaient une mutation biallélique sur MUTYH. Fréquence de la mutation c.1185_1186dup dans les MAP: Au sein d un groupe de 36 familles mutées sur MUTYH, 11 avaient une mutation biallélique homozygote c.1185_1186dup. Cette mutation était significativement plus fréquemment observée chez les patients d Afrique du Nord (79% vs. 5%, p<0,0001). La recherche d un haplotype commun en utilisant 10 microsatellites a identifié un segment de 1,3 cM présent chez tous les patients avec la mutation c.1185_1186dup. Variants rares (VR) de la cycline D1 : La comparaison des fréquences alléliques des VR de la cycline D1 fut réalisée entre les cas (112 patients avec une polypose indéterminée et 44 avec un CCR précoce) et 866 témoins. Les VR étaient plus fréquemment observés dans le groupe de malades. En combinant les VR, une augmentation du risque était retrouvée pour le groupe de patients avec une polypose indéterminée: (OR=2,2); 95%IC, 1,1 4,4; P=0,03). Rôle des variants rares : 70 variants provenant de 17 gènes ont été examinés au sein de la même population. 21 était des VR (fréquence<1%) et 4 étaient plus fréquemment observés chez les cas (EXO1-12, MLH1-1, CTNNB1-1 et BRCA2-37, p<0,05). En combinant tous les VR avec une fréquence allélique <0,5%, un sur risque de 3,2 était observé (95%CI=1,1-9,5; p=0,04)PARIS-BIUSJ-Biologie recherche (751052107) / SudocSudocFranceF

Etude des effets d'irradiation dans le polytype cubique du carbure de silicium par les techniques spectroscopiques de photoluminescence et de résonance paramagnétique électronique

PALAISEAU-Polytechnique (914772301) / SudocSudocFranceF