The Role of Oil Prices, Real Effective Exchange Rate and Inflation in Economic Activity of Russia: An Empirical Investigation

In this study we employ an empirical analysis to observe the impact of changes in inflation rate, real exchange rate instability and oil price fluctuations on the level of real economic activity of Russia. Vector Autoregressive Model (VAR) was represented and estimated along with Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). There was revealed the existence of long-run cointegration between the economic activity, the real effective exchange rate and oil prices over the 01/1995-03/2015 period. In addition, the effect of these factors on the economic output is positive. However, the cointegration with the inflation was not present in the long-run over the sample period. While, in the short-run only real effective exchange rate had an effect on the economy of Russia. The important feature of this research is that there was revealed an automatic adjustment mechanism in the model, which helps the economy of Russia to reach its equilibrium after the shock. The paper insists on implementation of the relevant reforms to the fiscal policy to diversify and strengthen the economy

Testing the Effect of the Conflict in Georgia in 2008 on Energy Market.

This paper focuses on providing empirical evidence that the conflict in Georgia 08/08/08 had an effect on the worldwide energy market. The idea was inspired by the popular event studies, testing the effects of the conflicts in oil and gas rich countries, where they found out significant aftermath on the stock market. Using the Event Study approach to detect the influence of the conflict, we failed to support these claims. We compared the returns on energy industry before the event and after the event, made statistical tests on them, but did not find any evidence of our hypothesis to be true

Testing the Effect of the Conflict in Georgia in 2008 on Energy Market.

This paper focuses on providing empirical evidence that the conflict in Georgia 08/08/08 had an effect on the worldwide energy market. The idea was inspired by the popular event studies, testing the effects of the conflicts in oil and gas rich countries, where they found out significant aftermath on the stock market. Using the Event Study approach to detect the influence of the conflict, we failed to support these claims. We compared the returns on energy industry before the event and after the event, made statistical tests on them, but did not find any evidence of our hypothesis to be true

Model Independent Predictions of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis from \he4 and \li7: Consistency and Implications

We examine in detail how BBN theory is constrained, and what predictions it can make, when using only the most model-independent observational constraints. We avoid the uncertainties and model-dependencies that necessarily arise when solar neighborhood D and \he3 abundances are used to infer primordial D and \he3 via chemical and stellar evolution models. Instead, we use \he4 and \li7, thoroughly examining the effects of possible systematic errors in each. Via a likelihood analysis, we find near perfect agreement between BBN theory and the most model-independent data. Given this agreement, we then {\it assume} the correctness of BBN to set limits on the single parameter of standard BBN, the baryon-to-photon ratio, and to predict the primordial D and \he3 abundances. We also repeat our analysis including recent measurements of D/H from quasar absorption systems and find that the near perfect agreement between theory and observation of the three isotopes, D, \he4 and \li7 is maintained. These results have strong implications for the chemical and stellar evolution of the light elements, in particular for \he3. In addition, our results (especially if the D/H measurements are confirmed) have implications for the stellar depletion of \li7. Finally, we set limits on the number \nnu\ of neutrino flavors, using an analysis which carefully and systematically includes all available experimental constraints. The value \nnu = 3.0 fits best with BBN and a 95\% CL upper limit of \nnu \la 4 is established.Comment: 28 pages, latex, 10 ps figure

Geometrical Effects of Baryon Density Inhomogeneities on Primordial Nucleosynthesis

We discuss effects of fluctuation geometry on primordial nucleosynthesis. For the first time we consider condensed cylinder and cylindrical-shell fluctuation geometries in addition to condensed spheres and spherical shells. We find that a cylindrical shell geometry allows for an appreciably higher baryonic contribution to be the closure density (\Omega_b h_{50}^2 \la 0.2) than that allowed in spherical inhomogeneous or standard homogeneous big bang models. This result, which is contrary to some other recent studies, is due to both geometry and recently revised estimates of the uncertainties in the observationally inferred primordial light-element abundances. We also find that inhomogeneous primordial nucleosynthesis in the cylindrical shell geometry can lead to significant Be and B production. In particular, a primordial beryllium abundance as high as [Be] = 12 + log(Be/H) $\approx -3$ is possible while still satisfying all of the light-element abundance constraints.Comment: Latex, 20 pages + 11 figures(not included). Entire ps file with embedded figures available via anonymous ftp at ftp://genova.mtk.nao.ac.jp/pub/prepri/bbgeomet.ps.g

DEVELOPMENT OF COOPERATIVE AND INTEGRATION PROCESSES - A BASIS OF AGRICULTURAL SECTOR STABILITY

The paper justified the necessity of forming cooperative and integration processes in the development of agriculture and ensuring the sustainability of agricultural production in Tajikistan.&#x0D; </jats:p

Review of Particle Physics

This biennial review summarizes much of Particle Physics. Using data from previous editions, plus 1900 new measurements from 700 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We also summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. © 1996 The American Physical Society