34 research outputs found

    Relationship of Psychological Characteristics and Oral Diseases with Possible Psychosomatic Aetiology

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    Ispitivanje je provedeno da bi se utvrdila prevalencija oralnih bolesti Aphthae recidivantes, Lichen ruber planus, simptoma kserostomije i stomatopiroze, zatim oralnih parafunkcija, bruksizma i disgeusije te ispitala njihova moguća povezanost s različitim intenzitetima psihičkih svojstava samopoštovanja, anksioznosti i neurotizma u istom ispitnom uzorku stanovnika jednoga dijela Gorskoga kotara. U ispitivanje je bilo uključeno 277 ispitanika koji su potanko oralno pregledani i izvršena su odgovarajuća oralna ispitivanja. Psihološko ispitivanje provedeno je s pomoću dijelova psihotesta “18 PF”. Ispitivanje je pokazalo da se na području Fužina i Lokava najčešće javljaju oralne parafunkcije (u 36,1 % ispitanika) i aftozne lezije (19,2% ispitanika), zatim bruksizam (13,7 %), kserostomija (12,27 %) i stomatopiroze (10,3%), a rijetko se javljaju poremećaji okusa (2,3 %) i oralni lichen (1,2 %). Psihološko je ispitivanje pokazalo da u ispitnome uzorku postoje tendencije prema visokome stupnju samopoštovanja, niskome stupnju anksioznosti i još nižemu stupnju općeg neurotizma. Utvrđeno je da postoji pozitivna povezanost između pojave kserostomije, stomatopiroze, recidivirajućih afti i bruksizma u odnosu prema pojavi anksioznosti, te stomatopiroze i kserostomije s neurotizmom. Nalazi su statistički znatni, ali se na osnovi takvih deskriptivnih ispitivanja ne može tvrditi da su promatrana duπevna svojstva uzrok nastanku tih bolesti već da su samo s njima znatno povezani.The object of the study was to determine the incidence of the following oral diseases, Aphthae recidivante, Lichen ruber planus, symptoms of xerostomia and stomatopyrosis, and oral parafunction, bruxism and dysgeusia and to examine their possible connection with different intensities of psychological characteristics of self-esteem, anxiety and neuroticism in a sample of inhabitants from the Gorski Kotar area. The study consisted of 277 subjects in whom a detailed oral examination and oral testing were performed. Psychological testing was performed by using part of pychotest “18 PF”. The examination showed that in the area of Fuæina and Lokava oral parafunction most frequently occurred (in 36.1% of subjects) aphthae lesions (19.2%), followed by bruxism (13.7%), xerostomia (12.27%) and stomatopyrosis (10.3%). Taste disorders (2.3%) and oral lichen (1.2%) rarely occurred. The psychological examination indicated that there was a tendency towards a high level of self-esteem, low level of anxiety and still lower level of general neuroticism. Positive correlation was determined between the occurrence of xerostomia, stomatopyrosis, recurring aphthae and bruxism in relation to the occurrence of anxiety, and stomatopyrosis and xerostomia with neuroticism. The findings were statistically significant, although on the basis of such descriptive examinations it is impossible to claim that the examined psychological characteristics are the cause of the occurrence of these diseases, only that they are significantly connected with their occurrence

    Electrical Impedance Mapping of Healthy Oral Mucosa

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    Električna impedancija (EI) je otpor prolasku izmjenične električne struje kroz tkivo. EI ovisi o promjenama strukture i kemijskom sastavu tkiva, te se stoga koristi u dijagnostičke svrhe, ponajprije kožnih promjena. Primjena EI za dijagnostiku na oralnoj sluznici nije dovoljno znanstveno evaluirana. Svrha rada bila je utvrditi referentne vrijednosti EI na zdravoj oralnoj sluznici, te evaluirati izvedivost i ponovljivost metode. Svrha rada je također bila utvrditi utjecaj demografskih i kliničkih faktora (spol, dob, pušenje, količina sline, pritisak elektrode) na vrijednosti EI. U istraživanju je sudjelovao 101 ispitanik. Ispitanici su bili podijeljeni u tri skupine: 20-40 godina, 40-60 godina i preko 60 godina. Vrijednosti EI mjerene su posebno konstruiranim uređajem tri puta u razmaku od po tjedan dana na 14 mjernih točaka u usnoj šupljini (po 7 točaka na lijevoj i desnoj strani). Najviše vrijednosti EI zabilježene su na sluznici tvrdog nepca, a najniže na dorzumu jezika. Nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike u vrijednostima EI između lijeve i desne strane. Vrijednosti EI smanjivale su se s dobi ispitanika. Vrijednosti EI u žena bile su značajno više nego u muškaraca. Nepušači su imali statistički značajno više vrijednost EI samo na sluznici gornje usne. Količina sline nije imala utjecaja na izmjerene vrijednosti. Pritisak elektrode na sluznicu utječe na izmjerene vrijednosti-primjenom višeg podtlaka izmjerene su statistički značajno niže vrijednosti. Nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike između pojedinih mjerenja kod svakog ispitanika. Primjenom opisane metode moguće je izmjeriti vrijednosti EI na svakoj točki oralne sluznice. Metoda je jednostavna i lako primjenjiva, te daje ponovljive i stabilne rezultate.Electrical impedance (EI) is the resistance to the flow of alternating electric current through a tissue. It is dependent on the structure and the chemical composition of the tissue and is therefore used for diagnostic purposes, primarily for changes in the skin. Application of EI in diagnostics related to the oral mucosa has not been sufficiently evaluated scientifically. The purpose of the study was to determine the reference values of EI on healthy oral mucosa, and to evaluate the feasibility and reproducibility of the method. The aim also was to determine the effect of demographic and clinical factors (gender, age, smoking, amount of saliva, pressure of the electrode) on EI values. The study included 101 subjects divided into three groups: 20-40 years, 40-60 years and over 60 years. Inclusion criteria were clinically normal oral mucosa and the ability to read and understand the text of the informed consent. EI values were measured by a specially designed device three times at one-week intervals at 14 measuring points in the oral cavity (7 points on its left and right side, respectively). The intraoral sensor consisted of a system of concentric electrodes that adhered to the mucous membrane through application of varying degrees of negative pressure (250° or 350 MB). It was connected to the measuring device NI USB-6251 (National Instruments®, Austin, USA) connected via USB to a laptop. The measurement programme developed on the basis of the LabView 8.5.1. software package (National Instruments®, Austin USA) converted the electrical impulses from the device into digital records and stored them in the database. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS ver. 20 software (IBM Inc, USA). The highest values of EI were recorded on the mucosa of the hard palate, and the lowest on the dorsum of the tongue. No statistically significant differences in EI values between the left and right side were established. EI values were found to decrease with age, and to be significantly higher in women than in men. This finding needs to be verified and clarified in future research. In nonsmokers, significantly higher EI values were found only in the mucosa of the upper lip. The amount of saliva had no effect on the measured values. The pressure exerted on the mucous membrane by the electrode did affect the measured values - applying higher negative pressure resulted in statistically significantly lower values. No statistically significant differences were found between individual measurements in any of the subjects. The method described in the study makes it possible to measure EI values at each point of the oral mucosa. The method is simple and easily applicable, and provides reproducible and stable results, which in turn opens the possibility of using it for non-invasive differentiation of healthy oral mucosa from various pathological conditions

    Electrical Impedance Mapping of Healthy Oral Mucosa

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    Električna impedancija (EI) je otpor prolasku izmjenične električne struje kroz tkivo. EI ovisi o promjenama strukture i kemijskom sastavu tkiva, te se stoga koristi u dijagnostičke svrhe, ponajprije kožnih promjena. Primjena EI za dijagnostiku na oralnoj sluznici nije dovoljno znanstveno evaluirana. Svrha rada bila je utvrditi referentne vrijednosti EI na zdravoj oralnoj sluznici, te evaluirati izvedivost i ponovljivost metode. Svrha rada je također bila utvrditi utjecaj demografskih i kliničkih faktora (spol, dob, pušenje, količina sline, pritisak elektrode) na vrijednosti EI. U istraživanju je sudjelovao 101 ispitanik. Ispitanici su bili podijeljeni u tri skupine: 20-40 godina, 40-60 godina i preko 60 godina. Vrijednosti EI mjerene su posebno konstruiranim uređajem tri puta u razmaku od po tjedan dana na 14 mjernih točaka u usnoj šupljini (po 7 točaka na lijevoj i desnoj strani). Najviše vrijednosti EI zabilježene su na sluznici tvrdog nepca, a najniže na dorzumu jezika. Nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike u vrijednostima EI između lijeve i desne strane. Vrijednosti EI smanjivale su se s dobi ispitanika. Vrijednosti EI u žena bile su značajno više nego u muškaraca. Nepušači su imali statistički značajno više vrijednost EI samo na sluznici gornje usne. Količina sline nije imala utjecaja na izmjerene vrijednosti. Pritisak elektrode na sluznicu utječe na izmjerene vrijednosti-primjenom višeg podtlaka izmjerene su statistički značajno niže vrijednosti. Nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike između pojedinih mjerenja kod svakog ispitanika. Primjenom opisane metode moguće je izmjeriti vrijednosti EI na svakoj točki oralne sluznice. Metoda je jednostavna i lako primjenjiva, te daje ponovljive i stabilne rezultate.Electrical impedance (EI) is the resistance to the flow of alternating electric current through a tissue. It is dependent on the structure and the chemical composition of the tissue and is therefore used for diagnostic purposes, primarily for changes in the skin. Application of EI in diagnostics related to the oral mucosa has not been sufficiently evaluated scientifically. The purpose of the study was to determine the reference values of EI on healthy oral mucosa, and to evaluate the feasibility and reproducibility of the method. The aim also was to determine the effect of demographic and clinical factors (gender, age, smoking, amount of saliva, pressure of the electrode) on EI values. The study included 101 subjects divided into three groups: 20-40 years, 40-60 years and over 60 years. Inclusion criteria were clinically normal oral mucosa and the ability to read and understand the text of the informed consent. EI values were measured by a specially designed device three times at one-week intervals at 14 measuring points in the oral cavity (7 points on its left and right side, respectively). The intraoral sensor consisted of a system of concentric electrodes that adhered to the mucous membrane through application of varying degrees of negative pressure (250° or 350 MB). It was connected to the measuring device NI USB-6251 (National Instruments®, Austin, USA) connected via USB to a laptop. The measurement programme developed on the basis of the LabView 8.5.1. software package (National Instruments®, Austin USA) converted the electrical impulses from the device into digital records and stored them in the database. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS ver. 20 software (IBM Inc, USA). The highest values of EI were recorded on the mucosa of the hard palate, and the lowest on the dorsum of the tongue. No statistically significant differences in EI values between the left and right side were established. EI values were found to decrease with age, and to be significantly higher in women than in men. This finding needs to be verified and clarified in future research. In nonsmokers, significantly higher EI values were found only in the mucosa of the upper lip. The amount of saliva had no effect on the measured values. The pressure exerted on the mucous membrane by the electrode did affect the measured values - applying higher negative pressure resulted in statistically significantly lower values. No statistically significant differences were found between individual measurements in any of the subjects. The method described in the study makes it possible to measure EI values at each point of the oral mucosa. The method is simple and easily applicable, and provides reproducible and stable results, which in turn opens the possibility of using it for non-invasive differentiation of healthy oral mucosa from various pathological conditions

    The Influence of Psychological Factors on the Occurrence of Symptoms of Dryness and Burning in the Mouth

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    Ispitivanje je provedeno da bi se ispitalo postojanje simptoma suhoće i pečenja u ustima u bolesnika na području Fužina i Lokava u Gorskom kotaru te istražio odnos tih oralnih promjena prema stupnju samopoštovanja, anksioznosti i neurotizma u tih ispitanika. Ispitni uzorak tvorili su 277 slučajno odabranih punoljetnih pacijenata. Kod svih je obavljen potanki oralni pregled i odgovarajuća oralna testiranja. Svaki je bolesnik zamoljen da ispuni za tu namjenu već pripremljen psihotest, koji je napravljen od subtestova "18 PF" Momirovića i suradnika. Rezultati su pokazali da se simptomi jake suhoće u ustima pojavljuju u 12,27% ispitanika, u 7,58% ispitanika u slabijem obliku, a simptomi pečenja u ustima u 10,3% ispitanika. Nastanak simptoma suhoće i pečenja međusobno su statistički povezani. Rezultati psihotestova pokazuju da u ovom ispitnom uzorku postoje tendencije prema visokim stupnjevima samopoštovanja, niskim stupnjevima anksioznosti i još nižim stupnjevima neurotizma. Ispitivanje je potvrdilo pozitivnu znatnu statističku povezanost između anksioznosti, neurotizma i oralnih simptoma. Povezanost prema različitim intezitetima samopoštovanja nije pronađena.The investigation was carried out in order to examine the presence of dryness and burning in the mouths of patients in the region of Fuzina and Lokva in Gorski Kotar, and to determine the correlation of such oral changes with the occurrence of self-esteem, anxiety and neuroticism in these patients. The examined sample comprised 277 randomly selected mature patients. All patients were subjected to a detailed oral examination and relevant oral testing. Each patient was asked to complete a specially prepared psycho-test, consisting of subtests "18 PF" - Momi- rović et al. The results show that symptoms of extreme dryness in the mouth occurred in 12.27% of subjects, slight dryness in 7.58% and burning in the mouth in 10.3%. The occurrence of the symptoms of dryness and burning are mutually, statistically correlated. The results of the psycho-tests in the examined sample indicate that a tendency towards a high degree of self-esteem, low degree of anxiety and even lower degree of neuroticism. The investigation confirmed a positive significant statistical correlation between anxiety, neuroticism and oral symptoms. No correlation with different intensities of self-esteem was found

    Oral lichen planus - retrospective study of 563 Croatian patients

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    Objectives: To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of oral lichen planus (OLP) in a group of Croatian patients seen between 2006 and 2012. Study D esign: A group of 563 patients with a diagnosis of OLP was retrospectively reviewed in our clinic. Data regarding age, gender, medical history, drugs, smoking, alcohol, chief complaint, clinical type, localization, his - tology, treatment and malignant transformation were registered. Results: Of the 563 patients, 414 were females and 149 were males. The average age at the diagnosis was 58 (range 11-94). The most common site was buccal mucosa (82.4%). Most of our patients did not smoke (72.5%) or consume alcohol (69.6%). Patients reported oral soreness (43.3%), mucosal roughness (7%), xerostomia (3%), gingival bleeding (2%) and altered taste (0.5%) as the chief complaint, while almost half of them were asympto - matic (44.2%). The most common types of OLP were reticular (64.8%) and erosive (22.9%). Plaque-like (5.7%) atrophic/erythemtous (4.3%) and bullous (2.3%) type were also observed. Malignant transformation rate of 0.7% was recorded. Conclusions: OLP mostly affects non-smoking middle-aged women. Buccal mucosa is the most commonly af - fected site. In almost half of the cases patients are asymptomatic. In spite of the small risk for malignant transfor - mation all patients should be regularly monitored

    Catastrophizing in Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome

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    Uvod: Sindrom pekućih usta (SPU) idiopatska je tegoba kod koje usna šupljina peče i boli pacijente s klinički normalnom oralnom sluznicom. Pritom su isključeni lokalni i opći uzroci. Katastrofiziranje se definira kao pretjerana negativna orijentacija prema osjećaju boli i bolnog iskustva. Svrha ovog rada bila je ispitati povezanost između katastrofiziranja i kliničkih parametara SPU-a te između katastrofiziranja i kvalitete života bolesnika s SPU-om. Materijali i metode: Anonimni trodijelni upitnik [opći parametri i vizualna analogna ljestvica (VAS) za procjenu intenziteta pečenja (od 0 do 100 mm), hrvatska inačica OHIP-ove ljestvice (OHIP 14) te hrvatska verzija ljestvice Pain Catastrophizing] ispunilo je 30 pacijenata s dijagnosticiranim SPU-om. Rezultati: Katastrofiziranje je bilo klinički značajno izraženo kod 30 posto bolesnika. Ukupno katastrofiziranje i sve tri potkomponente bile su u korelaciji s intenzitetom pečenja, ali ne i s trajanjem tegoba. Pacijenti sa snažnijim katastrofiziranjem imali su lošiju kvalitetu života. Spol nije utjecao na to stanje. Zaključak: Uvidom u katastrofiziranje moglo bi se identificirati pacijente s negativnim obrascima ponašanja kod kojih bi se dodatnom psihološkom intervencijom mogli smanjiti ili eliminirati negativni kognitivni čimbenici i poboljšati podnošenje kroničnoga bolnog stanja kao što je SPU.Background: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is an idiopathic painful condition which manifests with burning sensations in the oral cavity in patients with clinically normal oral mucosa and without any local and/or systemic causative factor. Catastrophizing is defined as an exaggerated negative orientation toward pain stimuli and pain experience. The aim of this study was to examine the association between catastrophizing and clinical parameters of BMS, and to examine the association between catastrophizing and the quality of life in patients with BMS. Materials and methods: Anonymous questionnaire consisting of 3 parts (demographic and clinical data with 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS), Croatian version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) scale and Croatian version of the Pain Catastrophizing scale (PC), was distributed to 30 patients diagnosed with BMS. Results: A higher level of catastrophizing was clinically significant in 30% of the patients. Total catastrophizing score and all three subcomponents of catastrophizing significantly correlated with the intensity of symptoms, but did not correlate with the duration of symptoms. Gender and previous treatment did not affect the catastrophizing. Conclusion: Obtaining the information about catastrophizing could help a clinician to identify patients with negative behavioural patterns. Additional psychological intervention in these individuals could reduce/eliminate negative cognitive factors and improve coping with chronic painful condition such as BMS

    Mapping Electrical Impedance Spectra of the Healthy Oral Mucosa: a Pilot Study

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    Svrha ispitivanja: Bioimpedancija je otpor prolasku električne struje kroz tkivo i ovisi o njegovoj strukturi i kemijskom sastavu. Svrha istraživanja bila je mapirati bioimpedancijske spektre za svaku regiju usne šupljine. Ispitanici i postupci: U mjerenju bioimpedancije sudjelovalo je tridesetero ispitanika s urednim nalazom oralne sluznice, a obavljalo se na 14 lokalizacija u usnoj šupljini s lijeve i desne strane te je ponovljeno nakon sedam i četrnaest dana. Rezultati: Najniže vrijednosti izmjerene su na dorzumu jezika, a najviše na tvrdom nepcu. Nije ustanovljena statistički značajna razlika između mjerenja na lijevoj i desnoj strani. Statistički značajno više vrijednosti izmjerene su ženama na sluznici gornje usne, dorzumu jezika i na ventralnom dijelu jezika. Utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika između nepušača i pušača na sluznici donje usne i sluznici dna usne šupljine. Vrijednosti bioimpedancije bile su u negativnoj korelaciji s količinom sline na sluznici gornje usne, na tvrdom nepcu, dorzumu jezika i na podjezičnoj sluznici. Mjerenja pri niskim frekvencijama imala su veću varijabilnost. Zaključak: Vrijednosti bioimpedancije najčešće ovise o stupnju keratinizacije sluznice. Na njihove vrijednosti vjerojatno utječu demografski i klinički čimbenici, što je potrebno razjasniti u daljnjim studijama s većim brojem ispitanika.Objective: Electrical impedance is the resistance to the electric current flow through a tissue and depends on the tissue’s structure and chemical composition. The aim of this study was to map electrical impedance spectra for each region of the healthy oral mucosa. Materials and Methods: Electrical impedance was measured in 30 participants with healthy oral mucosa. Measurements were performed in 14 points on the right and the left side of the oral cavity, and repeated after 7 and 14 days respectively. Results: The lowest values were measured on the tongue dorsum and the highest values were measured on the hard palate. No significant differences were found between the right and the left side. Significantly higher values were found in females on the upper labial mucosa, tongue dorsum and the ventral tongue. Significant difference between smokers and non-smokers on the lower labial mucosa and floor of the mouth was found. Electrical impedance was negatively correlated with salivary flow on the upper labial mucosa, hard palate, tongue dorsum and sublingual mucosa. Higher variability of measurements was found at low frequencies. Conclusions: Electrical impedance mostly depends on the degree of mucosal keratinization. Demographic and clinical factors probably affect its values. Further studies with bigger number of participants are required
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