Equidad del gasto público en El Salvador 2012

La presente investigación se centra en el estudio del gasto público en El Salvador para el año 2012, con el propósito de estimar el efecto e incidencia que tienen en el ingreso de las familias salvadoreñas las asignaciones presupuestarias destinadas a las áreas sociales, específicamente en lo que se refiere a educación, salud, transferencias corrientes y subsidios. En particular, se pretende analizar si el gasto público en estas áreas contribuye a disminuir o acrecentar las desigualdades existentes en el nivel de ingreso de la población salvadoreña. La estructura del presente estudio comprende tres partes. En la parte uno se presenta una reseña del gasto público en El Salvador, destacando el rol del Estado y la importancia del gasto público en el desarrollo económico y social, así como la evolución y composición del gasto gubernamental en el período 2005-2012. En la parte dos se presenta el análisis correspondiente a la redistribución del ingreso de las familias salvadoreñas a partir de la ejecución del gasto público en áreas sociales. Y, finalmente, la tercera parte contiene recomendaciones de políticas públicas para profundizar la equidad del gasto público en el país

Ciencia y tecnología (No. 9 dic 2011)

Publicación Bianual de la Dirección de Investigación Científica de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras.Contenidos: Ruta de la gestión para la reducción del riesgo de desastres en Honduras / Oscar Elvir, Nabil Kawas 3. Gestión para la reducción del riesgo de desastres en Honduras 19. Estudio gravimétrico del cuadrángulo de Tegucigalpa, Valle del Zamorano, Valle de San Juan de Flores y Morocelí / Carlos A. Tenorio Moncada, Elizabeth Espinoza Canales 27. Comparación de gota gruesa y PCR para la detección de infecciones maláricas en Honduras / Ana Cecilia López, Jorge Coello Quan, Rosa Elena Mejía, Engels Banegas, Gustavo Fontecha 68. Deficiencia de hierro, folatos y vitamina B12 en relación a la anemia en niños de escuelas públicas de Tegucigalpa y algunos factores epidemiológicos asociados / María Félix Rivera, Rebeca Rivera, Ivette C. Rivera 82. El ingreso familiar y el acceso de jóvenes a la educación media en Honduras / Héctor Díaz Romero 95. Comportamiento de los sedimentos fluviales en Honduras / Roberto Fredy Ávalos Lingá 110. Química nuclear: Aplicaciones de salud en Honduras / César Mauricio Urbizo Vivas 126

Mediterranean diet and psychological well-being intervention to reverse metabolic syndrome in Chile (CHILEMED trial)

Psychosocial status and lifestyle are key risk factors of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which, in turn, are main drivers of healthcare costs and morbimortality worldwide, including Chile. Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is one of the healthiest dietary patterns under study. However, its impact on high-risk conditions, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS), and NCDs outside the Mediterranean Basin remains mostly unexplored. Even though Central Chile has an environment, food production, and culinary traditions comparable to those present in Mediterranean countries, few studies -some with significant methodological limitations- have evaluated the effect of MedDiet on health and/or disease in Chilean subjects. Importantly, a Mediterranean lifestyle is a modus vivendi that integrates physical health with mental and social well-being. Psychological well-being (PWB) is associated with healthy behaviors, positive health outcomes, and longevity, thereby emerging as a novel healthcare goal. We report here an ongoing randomized controlled clinical trial in Chilean patients with MetS seeking to test whether (1) a PWB theory-based intervention facilitates induction to and increases long-term adherence to a locally adapted MedDiet, and (2) a MedDiet intervention -implemented alone or combined with well-being promotion- is more effective at reversing MetS compared to individuals following a low-fat diet without psychological support. The CHILEan MEDiterranean (CHILEMED) diet intervention study is a 1-year trial including patients with MetS living in Chile. Participants will be assigned randomly by a computer-generated random number sequence to one of the three intervention arms: a) low-fat diet as control group, b) MedDiet alone, and c) MedDiet plus well-being support. Patients will be followed-up by individual and/or group online nutritional sessions or phone cal as well as 6- and 12-month in-person re-assessment of medical history, medication use, food intake, PWB, anthropometrics/physical exam, and blood collection for laboratory analysis. The primary outcome of the trial will be the effect of the MedDiet -with or without PWB intervention- on overall reversal of MetS compared to low-fat diet alone. Based on a statistical superiority trial, expected impact, and patient loss, the estimated study sample is 339 subjects (113 individuals per arm in 3 equal-sized groups). Currently, we have enrolled 179 patients, predominantly women, evenly distributed by age (group means ranging from 45.7 to 48,9 years-old), 3/4 are obese with almost all of them showing abdominal obesity, 70% are hypertensive, whereas <10% exhibit diabetes. If findings turn out as expected (e.g., MedDiet -with or without PWB intervention- is better than the low-fat diet for reversion of MetS at 1-year follow-up), CHILEMED will provide further beneficial evidence of the MedDiet on NCD risk conditions beyond the Mediterranean region