Intelligent Energy Systems As a Modern Basis For Improving Energy Efficiency

This work presents data on the share of energy costs in the cost structure for different countries. The information is provided on reducing the use of energy resources by means of introducing the intelligent control systems in the industrial enterprises. The structure and the use of such intelligent systems in the energy industry are under our consideration. It is shown that the constructing an intelligent system should be the strategic direction for the development of the distribution grid complex implying the four main areas for improvement: intellectualization of the equipment, management, communication and automation

"Smart Grid" Concept As A Modern Technology For The Power Industry Development

The article discusses the main problems of the power industry and energy supply to the distribution networks. One of the suggested solutions for these problems is the use of intelligent energy networks on the basis of digital reality simulation, in particular, the concept of "SMART GRID". The article presents the basic points of the concept and the peculiarities of its application at the enterprises. It was demonstrated that the use of this technology eliminates power shortage, reduces the energy intensity and improves the energy efficiency throughout the operation of an enterprise as a whole

Activation of mass transfer processes at spark plasma sintering of zirconium dioxide

The paper presents the results of numerical simulation of thermal and electric fields' distribution in the graphite moulding tool and in the sintered sample of ZrO[2]-4%Y[2]O[3] in the course of spark plasma sintering (SPS). The reduction of SPS duration is accounted for the largeness of specific thermal flux towards the sample surface, emitted by the graphite moulding tool. The impact of the electric field on the sample structure leads to emergence of the polarizing processes forcing zirconium ions to shift from lattice sites, which is able to reduce the required value of thermal energy necessary for initiation of a diffusion process. The axial pressure at high temperatures of sintering can lead to plastic deformation of the powder particles

Application of spark plasma sintering for fabricating Nd-Fe-B composite

Constant magnets are applied in such fields as electric equipment and electric generators with fixed rotor. Rare earth metal neodymium is well known as promising material. Production of magnets by sintering three elements (neodymium, iron and boron) is one the most promising methods. But there are difficulties in choosing the right temperature for sintering and further processing. Structure and properties of the product, consisted of rare earth metals, was analyzed. X-ray analysis of the resulting product and the finished constant magnet was performed. Vickers microhardness was obtained

The Possibility of Obtaining Materials by Plasma Dynamic Synthesis in the Ti-O System

The possibility of obtaining a dispersed material by the method of plasma dynamic synthesis in the Ti-O system is shown. The plasma dynamic synthesis is based on the operation of a pulsed high-current coaxial magnetoplasma accelerator with titanium electrodes. The obtained product was investigated by X-ray diffraction method and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed the presence of two main titanium oxide (IV) crystalline modifications: anatase with tetragonal syngony and rutile also with tetragonal syngony. Moreover, the dominant modification is anatase in synthesized material

The plasma dynamic synthesis of aluminum nitride in system with gaseous and solid precursors

Aluminum nitride is widely-used material for semiconductor devices and ceramics production. Despite the large number of known ways to obtain AlN powder, the problem of synthesizing high-purity and nanosized product is still urgent. This paper shows results on plasma dynamic synthesis of aluminum nitride using system based coaxial magneto plasma accelerator. The influence of using gaseous or solid precursors on such characteristics of the final product as phase content and particle size distribution was investigated. According to X-Ray diffractometry AlN phase content is increased in the case of use of solid nitrogen-containing precursor (melamine) in comparison with the use of gaseous nitrogen. The particle sizes distribution histograms are built in accordance with the data of bright-field TEM-images and shown in this paper. The most of particles are less than 100 nm in both experiment but there are some differences, depended on the precursor type, that are also described

Fabrication of the Ni[3]Al-based alloy formed by spark plasma sintering of VKNA powders

The material based on Ni[3]Al intermetallic has been obtained from the industrial powder of a VKNA type by the method of spark plasma sintering. Materials sintering was conducted at the temperature of 1100 °С, compacting pressure of 20 MPa, and during soaking time equal to 5 minutes. The heating rate of samples amounted to 50 and 200 °С/min. It has been established that the material obtained by sintering at the rate of 50 °С/min possesses a maximum value of density (5.93 g/cm{3}) and a maximum level of bending strength (~ 400 MPa)

Deposition of cubic tungsten carbide coating on metal substrates at sputtering of electric discharge plasma

Hexagonal modifications of tungsten carbide are widely used in various metalworking products and tools. However, the cubic tungsten carbide phase is still poorly understood due to significant difficulties in its synthesis, both in the form of powdered products, and in bulk form. This leads to the impossibility of conducting direct studies of its physical and mechanical properties. This paper shows the opportunity to obtain bulk coatings with a thickness of up to 70 µm, mainly consisting of cubic tungsten carbide using the plasma-dynamic method. The coating formation occurs when spraying the electric discharge tungsten-carbon containing plasma on a metal substrate made of a titanium and aluminum alloy due to the high rate of sputtering and crystallization. This allows synthesizing a stable coating adherent to the substrate based on cubic tungsten carbide with a purity of its yield of at least 85 wt.%