SCOPE OF ARTICLE 6 OF THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS - CONTRIBUTION OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS PRACTICE

Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) contains a series of guarantees that together represent the right to a fair trial. According to the ECHR case law Article 6 of the European Convention applies to proceedings concerning "civil rights and obligations", as well as to proceedings concerning the "criminal charge" (autonomous concepts from Courts practice). According to the linguistic interpretation of the Convention, as well as the earlier practice of the European Court, the guarantees of the right to a fair trial refer only to the accused in the criminal proceedings. However, under the influence of the tendency to protect the rights of the injured party in criminal proceedings, which was promoted by the Council of Europe, the practice of the Court, by applying the "convention as a living instrument" principle, extends the scope of the application of Article 6 to the injured party. The authors deal with a critical analysis of the relevant case law of the Court in this domain, as well as the implications to the national law on the position of the injured party in the criminal proceedings. &nbsp

Association of renin-angiotensin system genes polymorphism with progression of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Background/Aim. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) as a major microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) include a progressive increase in urinary albumin excretion in association with an increase in blood pressure and to end stage renal failure. Hypertension connected with renin-angiotensin system (RAS) hyperactivity and corresponding genotypes, angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensine-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), predispose the increasing risk of DN. The aim of this study was to assess the distribution of AGT, ACE and AT1R gene polymorphisms in patients with type 1 DM according to the level of DN and patients clinical characteristics. Methods. The study included 79 type 1 diabetic patients. Inclusion criteria were: age between 20-40, duration of diabetes > 5 years, and no other severe diseases. Clinical characteristics were gained from interviewing the patients. Polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism using restriction enzymes Psy I (Tth 111 I) and Hae III. Results. The patients with proteinuria compared with normo- and microalbuminuric patients, highly differed in age, diabetes duration, blood pressure level, hypertension, rethynopathy and urinary albumin excretion values (p < 0.001). No statistically significant difference between the groups was found for the ACE and AT1R gene polymorphisms distribution. The presence of TT genotype of the M235T polymorphism was significantly higher in the group with proteinuria (p < 0.05). The patients with hypertension raised nephropathy 5.2 times higher (OR = 5.20, p < 0.05) while carriers of TT allel developed nephropathy 28.38 times higher (OR = 28.389, p < 0.01) than those with MM genotype. Conclusion. Increased association of hypertension and TT angiotensinogen gene polymorphism in patients with diabetes mellitus with proteinuria could be a significant marker of diabetic nephropathy

A Comparison of Query Execution Speeds for Large Amounts of Data Using Various DBMS Engines Executing on Selected RAM and CPU Configurations

In modern economies, most important business decisions are based on detailed analysis of available data. In order to obtain a rapid response from analytical tools, data should be pre-aggregated over dimensions that are of most interest to each business. Sometimes however, important decisions may require analysis of business data over seemingly less important dimensions which have not been pre-aggregated during the ETL process. On these occasions, the ad-hoc "online" aggregation is performed whose execution time is dependent on the overall DBMS performance. This paper describes how the performance of several commercial and non-commercial DBMSs was tested by running queries designed for data analysis using "ad-hoc" aggregations over large volumes of data. Each DBMS was installed on a separate virtual machine and was run on several computers, and two amounts of RAM memory were allocated for each test. Measurements of query execution times were recorded which demonstrated that, as expected, column-oriented databases out-performed classical row-oriented database systems

Numerical analyses of water hammer and water-mass oscillations in a hydropower plant for the most extreme operational regimes

Analize hidrauličnih prelaznih radnih režima su neophodne u fazi projektovanja novih i revitalizacije postojećih hidroelektrana. U ovom radu su razmatrani prelazni procesi pri specifičnim ekstremnim radnim režimima za derivacionu hidroelektranu u kojoj su ugrađeni vodostan i sinhroni regulator pritiska na spiralnom kućištu turbine. Posebni osvrti su na analizama prelaznih režima pri oscilacijama vodenih masa i hidrauličkom udaru. Razmatrani su razni eksploatacioni režimi i različiti zakoni rada sihronih regulatora pritiska. Rezultati su dobijeni pomoću originalnog softvera razvijenog za potrebe ovih analiza. Urađena je kalibracija modela, a rezultati su upoređeni sa analizama prelaznih režima iz faze projektovanja postojeće hidroelektrane.Hydraulic transients analyses are necessary during the design stage of both new and refurbished hydropower plants (HPPs). In this paper, transients of specified most extreme operational regimes are investigated for a long derivation system, provided with a surge tank as well as pressure relief valves (PRVs) at the turbines spiral casing. The transients analyses are focused on water-mass oscillations and water hammer. Investigations for various exploitation regimes and different operating laws of the PRV's are adopted. Results are obtained by means of an original software developed for these analyses. The model was duly calibrated, and the results were compared with the results of the transient analyses from the original design phase of the existing HPP

Numerical analyses of water hammer and water-mass oscillations in a hydropower plant for the most extreme operational regimes

Analize hidrauličnih prelaznih radnih režima su neophodne u fazi projektovanja novih i revitalizacije postojećih hidroelektrana. U ovom radu su razmatrani prelazni procesi pri specifičnim ekstremnim radnim režimima za derivacionu hidroelektranu u kojoj su ugrađeni vodostan i sinhroni regulator pritiska na spiralnom kućištu turbine. Posebni osvrti su na analizama prelaznih režima pri oscilacijama vodenih masa i hidrauličkom udaru. Razmatrani su razni eksploatacioni režimi i različiti zakoni rada sihronih regulatora pritiska. Rezultati su dobijeni pomoću originalnog softvera razvijenog za potrebe ovih analiza. Urađena je kalibracija modela, a rezultati su upoređeni sa analizama prelaznih režima iz faze projektovanja postojeće hidroelektrane.Hydraulic transients analyses are necessary during the design stage of both new and refurbished hydropower plants (HPPs). In this paper, transients of specified most extreme operational regimes are investigated for a long derivation system, provided with a surge tank as well as pressure relief valves (PRVs) at the turbines spiral casing. The transients analyses are focused on water-mass oscillations and water hammer. Investigations for various exploitation regimes and different operating laws of the PRV's are adopted. Results are obtained by means of an original software developed for these analyses. The model was duly calibrated, and the results were compared with the results of the transient analyses from the original design phase of the existing HPP

Influence of mergers and acquisitions on the quality of service in bus transportation: Research after company acquisition

Today’s environment in which the companies are doing business is dynamic and unpredictable. The companies are therefore forced to implement changes in business processes. Changes can be related to human resources, new technological processes, openness to new markets and other factors. One of the big changes are acquisitions or mergers of companies. Mergers and takeovers of companies have been present in the business world for a long time, and their influence on the economy is significant. The most common motive is increasing the competitive advantage, improving financial indicators, creating added value to service, etc. This paper looks into the influence of mergers, i.e. acquisitions in bus transportation on the quality of service provided. It is the first research related to the quality of service after the acquisition of the companies Autotrans d.o.o. and Autoprometno poduzeće d.d. by Arriva Hrvatska, which was carried out in 2018. Acquisitions and mergers are an opportunity for organisations to position themselves on the market and improve their performance, but also a huge challenge for the management. Such a process requires effort and time to bring it to successful completion. That also includes continuous work on ensuring the quality of provided services, i.e. the implementation and maintenance of tangible and intangible elements of the service, which will in the end secure success on the market

Multifocality, Multicentricity, and Bilaterality of Breast Cancer

Multifocal, multicentric, and bilateral breast tumours are either benign, precursor lesions or malignant neoplasms.A multidisciplinary review of these entities can offer clinicians a practical guidance for diagnostic and treatment procedures. Multiple synchronous (multifocal or multicentric) ipsilateral breast cancers (MSIBC) with heterogeneous histopathology require particular attention, since MSIBC tends toward more aggressive biology and higher rates of nodal positivity. Being independent of laterality, domination of the invasive carcinoma was observed in the bilateral and multifocal disease type. The TNM staging system for breast cancer does not include multifocality and multiplicity. Only the tumour with the largest diameter is considered for the pT category, neglecting the secondary foci which can make the treatment decision more difficult. MSIBC has a similar prognosis to unifocal cancers, but sometimes they might be negative prognostic parameters. Likewise, in comparison with unifocal breast cancer, MSIBC presents a different genetic pathway

FORCED STERILIZATION AS A VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 3 AND ARTICLE 8 OF THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION

Forced and coerced sterilization is a phenomenon that has a long history, as well as in Europe, and on other continents. It is a violation of basic human rights, especially the rights of women, ethnic and racial minorities, the mentally ill, and the persons suffering from HIV. Sterilization is a procedure that is abused for the purpose of implementation of eugenic policies. The author is dealing with the cases before the ECtHR, which referred to forced sterilization. The most important attitudes of the Court, regarding the violation of Articles 3 and 8 of the European Convention, presented. The author criticizes the attitude of the Court not to consider the applicants' claims of discrimination, and argues that this issue is of crucial importance for the further development of the Convention, as a "living instrument"

Uređaj za uklanjanje komutacionih poteškoća kod istosmjernih strojeva pomoću forsiranja uzbude pomoćnih polova iz stranog izvora

Komutacijske sposobnosti istosmjernih strojeva su pri naglim promjenama struje opterećenja bitno smanjene. Zbog vrtložnih struja dolazi do zaostajanja magnetskog toka pomoćnih polova prema struji opterećenja. Patentirani uređaj uklanja negativno djelovanje vrtložnih struja, što potvrđuju ispitivanja