CUIDADOS DE ENFERMAGEM PRESTADOS À CRIANÇA HOSPITALIZADA COM DOR ONCOLÓGICA CRÔNICA: PERCEPÇÕES DOS PROFISSIONAIS DE SAÚDE

Objetivo: compreender a percepção dos profissionais de saúde sobre os cuidados de enfermagem prestados à criança hospitalizada com dor oncológica crônica. Método: abordagem qualitativa, ancorada nos referenciais teórico e metodológico, respectivamente, da Teoria da Complexidade e da Teoria Fundamentada em Dados. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e observação não participante. Participaram da pesquisa 21 profissionais de saúde. Resultados: os profissionais de saúde qualificaram como boa a assistência de enfermagem oferecida à criança com dor oncológica crônica. No entanto, foi revelada a necessidade de avanços: nos aspectos estruturais da unidade e organizacionais do cuidado, na abordagem ao familiar da criança, na abordagem à criança em precaução de contato e valorização profissional. Conclusão: o cuidado de enfermagem prestado à criança com dor oncológica crônica apresentava-se como um desafio, seja pelas necessidades de melhorias apontadas, seja por questões gerenciais e de liderança.Descritores: Enfermagem Pediátrica. Cuidados de Enfermagem. Dor do Câncer. Hospitais. Pessoal de Saúde. Criança

ESTRATÉGIAS LÚDICAS NO CUIDADO COM A CRIANÇA HOSPITALIZADA: PERSPECTIVAS SIMBÓLICAS DE DISCENTES DE ENFERMAGEM

Objetivo: compreender os significados e os fatores intervenientes relativos ao uso de estratégias lúdicas no cuidado com a criança hospitalizada na perspectiva de discentes de enfermagem. Método: pesquisa qualitativa realizada com 17 discentes de enfermagem. Os dados foram coletados entre outubro de 2020 e março de 2021, sendo submetidos à análise temática de conteúdo e interpretados à luz do Interacionismo Simbólico. Resultados: os temas “Atribuindo Significados ao Lúdico” e “Fatores Intervenientes para o Desenvolvimento do Lúdico” revelaram as significações simbólicas das estratégias lúdicas para o cuidado dispensado à criança hospitalizada e os fatores intervenientes, a saber: disponibilidade de recursos humanos e materiais, rotina e burocracia institucional, capacitação e empenhodos profissionais e envolvimento do familiar. Considerações finais: compreendeu-se que as perspectivas simbólicas dos discentes determinaram as estratégias lúdicas como um recurso extremamente importante nas relações de cuidado com a criança hospitalizada e sua utilização está condicionada aos fatores intervenientes expostos. Descritores: Jogos e Brinquedos. Criança Hospitalizada. Estudantes de Enfermagem. Educação Superior. Enfermagem Pediátric

SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS AND INTIMATE DIMENSIONS OF ELDERLY INDIVIDUALS AFFECTED BY HANSEN’S DISEASE

Objetivou-se avaliar relações sociais e íntimas de pessoas idosas com hanseníase. Abordagem quantitativa, com 60 idosos em dois Programas de Controle da Hanseníase, em uma capital do nordeste brasileiro, utilizando o Domínio das Relações Sociais do World Health Organization Quality of Life – bref e a faceta Intimidade do World Health Organization Quality of Life – older adults, com análise estatística descritiva. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre dezembro de 2012 e junho de 2013. No Domínio das Relações Sociais, a satisfação foi de 85% nas relações pessoais, 78,3% no suporte social e 60% em atividade sexual. Na Faceta Intimidade, os idosos apresentaram menor satisfação. As Relações Sociais dos idosos com hanseníase apresentou alto escore devido à rede de apoio social, trazendo expressiva satisfação e se refletindo na sua qualidade de vida. Conclui-se sobre a importância da Enfermagem articular estratégias de práticas educativas e de cuidados à pessoa idosa e com hanseníase.The aim of this study was to assess social and intimate relationships of elderly individuals with Hansen’s disease. This study has a quantitative approach, with 60 elderly individuals from two Hansen’s Disease Control Programs in the capital city of a Brazilian Northeastern state, using the Social Relationships domain of the World Health Organization Quality of Life – bref and the Intimacy facet of the World Health Organization Quality of Life – older adults, with descriptive statistical analysis. Data were collected between December 2012 and June 2013. In the Social Relationships domain, satisfaction was found at 85% in personal relationships, 78.3% in social support and 60% in sexual activity. The elderly individuals presented lower satisfaction in the Intimacy facet. The Social Relationships of elderly individuals with Hansen’s disease presented a high score due to the social support network, which presented significant satisfaction and reflected on quality of life. In conclusion, it is important that nursing coordinates strategies for educational and care practices for elderly individuals affected by Hansen’s disease.El objetivo fue evaluar relaciones sociales así como íntimas de personas ancianas con enfermedad de Hansen. Abordaje cuantitativo, con 60 ancianos en dos Programas de Control de la enfermedad de Hansen, en una capital del nordeste brasileño, utilizando el Dominio de las Relaciones Sociales del World Health Organization Quality of Life – bref y la categoría Intimidad del World Health Organization Quality of Life – older adults, con análisis estadístico descriptivo. Los datos fueron obtenidos entre diciembre de 2012 y junio de 2013. En el Dominio de las Relaciones Sociales, la satisfacción fue de 85% en las relaciones personales, 78,3% en el apoyo social y 60% en actividad sexual. En la categoría Intimidad, los ancianos presentaron menor satisfacción. Las Relaciones Sociales de los ancianos con enfermedad de Hansen presentó alto escore a causa de la red de apoyo social, trayendo expresiva satisfacción y reflejando en su cualidad de vida. Se concluye que es muy importante que la Enfermería articule estrategias de prácticas educativas y de cuidados al anciano con enfermedad de Hansen

Morphological response and nutritional deficiency symthoms in ipe seedlings (Tabebuia serratifolia) / Respostas morfológicas e sintomatologia de deficiência nutricional em mudas de ipê (Tabebuia serratifolia)

The yellow ipe (Tabebuia serratifolia Vahl Nich.), is a forest species of relevance in Brazil, with characteristics of timber, medicinal, ornamental and cultural interest, in addition, the species stands out in reforestation activities in degraded areas. Mineral nutrition directly affects the production of seedlings, being a very important factor in the productivity of forest stands. Based on that, the present work aimed to evaluate the morphological responses, accumulation of dry matter, quality of seedlings, as well as the characterization of the symptoms of nutritional deficiencies in seedlings of yellow ipe (Tabebuia serratifolia), under individual omissions of macronutrients and micronutrient iron. The design was used in randomized blocks, adopting eight treatments: Complete solution, and individual omission of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and Fe, with three repetitions each.  The omissions of N and Ca were those that most compromised the dry matter accumulation of the yellow ipe seedlings. The omissions of nutrients limited the relative growth of the seedlings, presenting the following order of growth: N<Ca<Mg<S<K. Omissions of N, Ca, Mg, S and Fe promoted a reduction in the chlorophyll index, besides manifesting deficiency symptoms. The omission of K manifested symptoms of deficiency, but did not affect the variables assessed. No effect of the omission of P was observed in the seedlings of yellow ipe.

Estimating the global conservation status of more than 15,000 Amazonian tree species

Estimates of extinction risk for Amazonian plant and animal species are rare and not often incorporated into land-use policy and conservation planning. We overlay spatial distribution models with historical and projected deforestation to show that at least 36% and up to 57% of all Amazonian tree species are likely to qualify as globally threatened under International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria. If confirmed, these results would increase the number of threatened plant species on Earth by 22%. We show that the trends observed in Amazonia apply to trees throughout the tropics, and we predict thatmost of the world’s >40,000 tropical tree species now qualify as globally threatened. A gap analysis suggests that existing Amazonian protected areas and indigenous territories will protect viable populations of most threatened species if these areas suffer no further degradation, highlighting the key roles that protected areas, indigenous peoples, and improved governance can play in preventing large-scale extinctions in the tropics in this century

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Local hydrological conditions influence tree diversity and composition across the Amazon basin

Tree diversity and composition in Amazonia are known to be strongly determined by the water supplied by precipitation. Nevertheless, within the same climatic regime, water availability is modulated by local topography and soil characteristics (hereafter referred to as local hydrological conditions), varying from saturated and poorly drained to well-drained and potentially dry areas. While these conditions may be expected to influence species distribution, the impacts of local hydrological conditions on tree diversity and composition remain poorly understood at the whole Amazon basin scale. Using a dataset of 443 1-ha non-flooded forest plots distributed across the basin, we investigate how local hydrological conditions influence 1) tree alpha diversity, 2) the community-weighted wood density mean (CWM-wd) – a proxy for hydraulic resistance and 3) tree species composition. We find that the effect of local hydrological conditions on tree diversity depends on climate, being more evident in wetter forests, where diversity increases towards locations with well-drained soils. CWM-wd increased towards better drained soils in Southern and Western Amazonia. Tree species composition changed along local soil hydrological gradients in Central-Eastern, Western and Southern Amazonia, and those changes were correlated with changes in the mean wood density of plots. Our results suggest that local hydrological gradients filter species, influencing the diversity and composition of Amazonian forests. Overall, this study shows that the effect of local hydrological conditions is pervasive, extending over wide Amazonian regions, and reinforces the importance of accounting for local topography and hydrology to better understand the likely response and resilience of forests to increased frequency of extreme climate events and rising temperatures

The biogeography of the Amazonian tree flora

We describe the geographical variation in tree species composition across Amazonian forests and show how environmental conditions are associated with species turnover. Our analyses are based on 2023 forest inventory plots (1 ha) that provide abundance data for a total of 5188 tree species. Withinplot species composition reflected both local environmental conditions (especially soil nutrients and hydrology) and geographical regions. A broader-scale view of species turnover was obtained by interpolating the relative tree species abundances over Amazonia into 47,441 0.1-degree grid cells. Two main dimensions of spatial change in tree species composition were identified. The first was a gradient between western Amazonia at the Andean forelands (with young geology and relatively nutrient-rich soils) and central–eastern Amazonia associated with the Guiana and Brazilian Shields (with more ancient geology and poor soils). The second gradient was between the wet forests of the northwest and the drier forests in southern Amazonia. Isolines linking cells of similar composition crossed major Amazonian rivers, suggesting that tree species distributions are not limited by rivers. Even though some areas of relatively sharp species turnover were identified, mostly the tree species composition changed gradually over large extents, which does not support delimiting clear discrete biogeographic regions within Amazonia