Home - So Different, So Appealing

Home - So Different, So Appealing is the catalogue of the eponymous exhibition organised by the UCLA Chicano Studies Research Center; the Los Angeles County Museum of Art; and the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston; as a part of Pacific Standard Time: LA/LA, a programme focused on Latin American and Latino art in relation to Los Angeles. Prepared by curators of the three respective institutions, Chon A. Noriega, Mari Carmen Ramírez, and Pilar Tompkins Rivas, the exhibition and its accompanying cata..

Analyse kinematischer variablen und ihre Auswirkung auf Leistung von Skispringern bei der Schisprung Weltmeisterschaft in Planica im jähre 1994

The objective of this study has been to establish on a sample of the best ski jumpers (n=28) participating in the World Championship in ski flights at Planica in 1994 (K=180 m) by means of a 3-D kinematic analysis the relation between the selected kinematic parameters of the jump of a ski jumper and his performance from the aspect of the flight length. By means of correlation analysis and univariate factor analysis of variance, some statistically significant relations of the kinematic variables to the length of the jump (p<.05) were established. The most important predictor of a successful jump was the angle of elevation in the middle part of the jump (r = -.78). The results have also shown that in order to achieve a high performance level from the aspect of the length a ski jumper must maximize the resultant of the speed of movement of the body’s centre of gravity in the first part of the flight; maximize the horizontal component of the speed of movement of the body’s centre of gravity during the entire flight and in particular in the first part of the flight; decrease the angle between the longitudinal and horizontal axis of the body, above all in the middle part of flight; decrease the angle between the longitudinal axis of the body and the skis in all phases of the flight; optimize the angle between the longitudinal axis of the upperpart of the body and the skis in the take-off phase and minimize it in the middle part of the flight, where this requirement is combined with the requirement for the minimization of the angle between the skis and the horizontal.Zielsetzung war auf den Mustersatz der besten Schispringer (n=28), Teilnehmer an den Schisprungweltmeisterschaft in Planica im Jahre 1994 (K=180m), aufgrund der kinematischen 3-D-Analyse das Verhältnis zwischen den betreffenden Sprungparametern einzelner Schispringer und betreffender Sprungweitleistung festzustellen. Durch Korrelations- und Einfaktorenanalyse der Variablen wurden statistisch bedeutende Beziehungen zwischen kinetischen Variablen und Sprungweite (p<0,05) ermittelt. Der bedeutendste Prädiktor eines erfolgreichen Schisprunges war der Elevationswinke! im mittleren Sprungteil (r=0,78). Die Ergebnisse zeigten auch, dass wenn ein Schispringer eine hohe Sprungerfolgsrate und Sprungweite erreichen will, soll er die Bewegungsresultante vom Körperschwerpunkt, aus im ersten Sprungteil maximieren; horizontale Komponente der Schnellbewegung vom K6rperschwerpunkt während des Sprunges maximieren; den Winkel zwischen der Körperlänge und Horizontalachse, besonders im mittleren Sprungteil senken; den Winkel zwischen der Körperlänge und Schier in allen Sprungteilen senken; den Winkel zwischen der Oberteil-Körperachse und Schier beim Absprung optimieren und ihn gleichzeitig im mittleren Sprungteil minimieren, weil er mit dem zu minimierenden Winkel zwischen den Schiern und der Horizontalachse zusammenfallt

Clay mineralogy in relation to landscape instability in the coast range of Oregon

The mineralogy of soils involved in mass movement in Oregon's coast range was examined to determine relationships between clay mineralogy and landscape instability. The objectives were: 1) to determine what kind of materials constitute the less than 2μ fraction of soils involved in different categories of mass movement, and 2) to determine how the composition of the mineral suite varies; at an individual site as a function of depth or slope position, and between sites as a function of parent material. Field evidence was used to assign each site to one of the following categories: debris avalanche, creep and slump, and earthflow. Although no sites were specifically identified as being stable, a number of samples were taken at varying distances laterally away from actively failing sites. The clay fractions were characterized by X-ray diffractions, selected samples were analyzed by differential thermal analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. Field and laboratory data indicate that the kind of mass movement and the mineralogy of the materials involved vary with the parent material. The clay fraction of debris avalanches consisted primarily of nonexpanding layer silicates that characteristically have large particle sizes and small water holding capacities. Dehydrated halloysite, chloritic intergrade, and mica were the common minerals in those areas underlain by sandstones and siltstones of the Tyee Formation as well as the massive basalt flowrock of the Siletz River Volcanic Series. The clay fraction of soils derived from other Tertiary sandstones (Galice and Lookingglass Formations) consisted of chloritic intergrade, chlorite, mica, and kaolinite. Serpentine, chlorite, and mica were the soil clays associated with debris avalanches on serpentinite of the Otter Point Formation. Expandable layer silicates, or those with high charge or water holding capacity were not major constituents although smectite and vermiculite commonly occurred in a thin layer of soil above the underlying support material. The clay fraction of samples from sites undergoing failure by creep and slump did not vary with depth and consisted primarily of smectite. Smectite, chloritic intergrade, dehydrated and hydrated halloysite, and mica were the minerals commonly associated with soil creep and slump on slopes underlain by siltstones of the Tyee Formation. Montmorillonite (smectite) was the major constituent of a large rotational slump at the contact between the Nye Mudstone and Astoria Formation. Hydroxy interlayered smectite, chlorite, and serpentine were identified in sites undergoing creep and slump which are underlain by the serpentinite of the Otter Point Formation. The mineralogy of soils involved in earthflow consisted predominantly of hydrated and dehydrated halloysite, amorphous material, and chloritic intergrade. No difference in mineralogy could be detected between sites underlain by siltstones of the Tyee and Nestucca Formations and tuffaceous siltstones and tuff of the Siletz River Volcanic Series. Surface samples were more poorly crystallized than samples taken at greater depths. Hydrated halloysite, however, was more evident in lower horizons. Electron micrographs reveal an abundance of amorphous gels, and "coatings" on the surface of mineral grains. The abundance of "pores" may account for the fluid behavior of these materials during failure. On all bedrock units, the mineralogy did not vary between actively failing sites and sites on the same slope considered to be "stable." The kind of mass movement and the mineralogy of sites underlain by serpentinite did depend on slope position. Creep and slump were common in poorly drained toeslope positions and contained smectite; debris avalanches were common in well-drained uplands, these soils contained serpentine and chlorite

Stability of U(VI) and Tc(VII) Reducing Microbial Communities to Environmental Perturbation: Development and Testing of a Thermodynamic Network Model

Previously published research from in situ field experiments at the NABIR Field Research Center have shown that cooperative metabolism of denitrifiers and Fe(III)/sulfate reducers is essential for creating subsurface conditions favorable for U(VI) and Tc(VII) bioreduction (Istok et al., 2004). The overall goal of this project is to develop and test a thermodynamic network model for predicting the effects of substrate additions and environmental perturbations on the composition and functional stability of subsurface microbial communities. The overall scientific hypothesis is that a thermodynamic analysis of the energy-yielding reactions performed by broadly defined groups of microorganisms can be used to make quantitative and testable predictions of the change in microbial community composition that will occur when a substrate is added to the subsurface or when environmental conditions change. An interactive computer program was developed to calculate the overall growth equation and free energy yield for microorganisms that grow by coupling selected combinations of electron acceptor and electron donor half-reactions. Each group performs a specific function (e.g. oxidation of acetate coupled to reduction of nitrate); collectively the groups provide a theoretical description of the entire natural microbial community. The microbial growth data are combined with an existing thermodynamic data base for associated geochemical reactions and used to simulate the coupled microbial-geochemical response of a complex natural system to substrate addition or any other environmental perturbations

Development of Radon-222 as Natural Tracer for Monitoring the Remediation of NAPL in the Subsurface

Naturally occurring 222-radon in ground water can potentially be used as an in situ partitioning tracer to characterize dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) saturations. The static method involves comparing radon concentrations in water samples from DNAPL-contaminated and non-contaminated portions of an aquifer. During a push-pull test, a known volume of test solution (radon-free water containing a conservation tracer) is first injected (''pushed'') into a well; flow is then reversed and the test solution/groundwater mixture is extracted (''pulled'') from the same well. In the presence of NAPL radon transport is retarded relative to the conservative tracer. Assuming linear equilibrium partitioning, retardation factors for radon can be used to estimate NAPL saturations.The utility of this methodology was evaluated in laboratory and field settings

Factors Controlling In Situ Uranium and Technetium Bio-Reduction and Reoxidation at the NABIR Field Research Center

Summary of Recent Field Testing: Extensive in situ (in ground) field testing using the push-pull method has demonstrated that indigenous microorganisms in the shallow (&lt; 8 m) aquifer in FRC Areas 1 and 2 are capable of coupling the oxidation/fermentation of injected ethanol, glucose, or acetate to the reduction of U(VI) and Tc(VII). Despite highly variable initial (prior to testing) contaminant concentrations (pH: 3.3-7.2; Nitrate: 0.1-140 mM; U(VI): 1-12 uM; Tc(VII): 200-15000 pM), sequential donor additions resulted in increased rates of microbial activity (Denitrification: 01.-4.0 mM/hr; sulfate reduction: 0- 0.03 mM/hr; U(VI) reduction: 10-4 to 10-3 uM/hr; Tc(VII) reduction: 4-150 pM/hr) in all wells tested. Tc(VII) reduction and denitrification proceeded concomitantly in all tests. U(VI) reduction was concomitant with Fe(II) production in Area 1 but little Fe(II) was detected under sulfate reducing conditions in Area 2. Reoxidation of U(IV) (precipitated in the vicinity of the wells during previous tests) but not Tc(IV) was observed when injected test solutions contained initial nitrate concentrations &gt; {approx} 20 mM. Field data and laboratory studies suggest that U(IV) is likely oxidized by Fe(III) minerals produced by enzymatic Fe(II) oxidation or by Fe(II) oxidation by nitrite. U(IV) reoxidation rates (10-3 to 10-2 uM/hr) were somewhat larger than U(VI) reduction rates indicating that sustained nitrate removal will be necessary to maintain the stability of U(IV) in this environment

Expressive timing facilitates the neural processing of phrase boundaries in music: evidence from event-related potentials

The organization of sound into meaningful units is fundamental to the processing of auditory information such as speech and music. In expressive music performance, structural units or phrases may become particularly distinguishable through subtle timing variations highlighting musical phrase boundaries. As such, expressive timing may support the successful parsing of otherwise continuous musical material. By means of the event-related potential technique (ERP), we investigated whether expressive timing modulates the neural processing of musical phrases. Musicians and laymen listened to short atonal scale-like melodies that were presented either isochronously (deadpan) or with expressive timing cues emphasizing the melodies' two-phrase structure. Melodies were presented in an active and a passive condition. Expressive timing facilitated the processing of phrase boundaries as indicated by decreased N2b amplitude and enhanced P3a amplitude for target phrase boundaries and larger P2 amplitude for non-target boundaries. When timing cues were lacking, task demands increased especially for laymen as reflected by reduced P3a amplitude. In line, the N2b occurred earlier for musicians in both conditions indicating general faster target detection compared to laymen. Importantly, the elicitation of a P3a-like response to phrase boundaries marked by a pitch leap during passive exposure suggests that expressive timing information is automatically encoded and may lead to an involuntary allocation of attention towards significant events within a melody. We conclude that subtle timing variations in music performance prepare the listener for musical key events by directing and guiding attention towards their occurrences. That is, expressive timing facilitates the structuring and parsing of continuous musical material even when the auditory input is unattended. © 2013 Istok et al.Peer reviewe

Stability of U(VI)- and Tc(VII) reducing microbial communities to environmental perturbation: a thermodynamic network model and intermediate-scale experiments

The project is a collaborative task with a larger project headed by Jack Istok at Oregon State University, which is conducted under the same title. The project was conceptualized as follows. A ''geochemical'' model of microbial communities was hypothesized, in which microbes were characterized as mineral species according to the chemical transformations they used for metabolic function. The iron-reducing bacteria, for example, would be represented by the iron reducing chemical reaction, including a specific electron donor, the fraction of the consumed donor used for biomass maintenance or growth, and a free energy for the reaction. The pseudomineral species would then be included in a standard geochemical model, and community succession could be calculated according to the thermodynamically favored microbially mediated reactions under progressive consumption of electron donors and receptors, and evolving geochemical conditions. The project includes relatively minor participation by the University of Oklahoma and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, with the major component at OSU. The PNNL project was funded to provide assistance to Dr. Istok in formulating the appropriate modeling approach and geochemical constraints on the modeling effort

Statistical analysis of hydrological data from five small watersheds in western Oregon : Volume 1 : Analysis

Published June 1985. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalo

Physical and hydrologic properties of outcrop samples from a nonwelded to welded tuff transition, Yucca Mountain, Nevada

Quantitative material-property data are needed to describe lateral and vertical spatial variability of physical and hydrologic properties and to model ground-water flow and radionuclide transport at the potential Yucca Mountain nuclear-waste repository site in Nevada. As part of on-going site characterization studies of Yucca Mountain directed toward this understanding of spatial variability, laboratory measurements of porosity, bulk and particle density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and sorptivity have been obtained for a set of outcrop samples that form a systematic, two-dimensional grid that covers a large exposure of the basal Tiva Canyon Tuff of the Paintbrush Group of Miocene age at Yucca Mountain. The samples form a detailed vertical grid roughly parallel to the transport direction of the parent ash flows, and they exhibit material-property variations in an interval of major lithologic change overlying a potential nuclear-waste repository at Yucca Mountain. The observed changes in hydrologic properties were systematic and consistent with the changes expected for the nonwelded to welded transition at the base of a major ash-flow sequence. Porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and sorptivity decreased upward from the base of the Tiva Canyon Tuff, indicating the progressive compaction of ash-rich volcanic debris and the onset of welding with increased overburden pressure from the accumulating ash-flow sheet. The rate of decrease in the values of these material properties varied with vertical position within the transition interval. In contrast, bulk-density values increased upward, a change that also is consistent with progressive compaction and the onset of welding. Particle-density values remained almost constant throughout the transition interval, probably indicating compositional (chemical) homogeneity