Kenny-Caffey症候群2型の原因遺伝子の同定

学位の種別: 論文博士審査委員会委員 : （主査）東京大学教授 徳永 勝士, 東京大学教授 鄭 雄一, 東京大学准教授 星 和人, 東京大学講師 浦野 友彦, 東京大学講師 永松 健University of Tokyo(東京大学

Maternal Undernutrition and Breast Milk Macronutrient Content Are Not Associated with Weight in Breastfed Infants at 1 and 3 Months after Delivery

This study examined whether maternal nutritional intake and breast milk macronutrient content influence the weight of breastfed infants. We investigated 129 healthy mothers with singleton babies born from July 2016 to December 2017 in a university hospital in Tokyo, Japan. Information was obtained by a self-administered food frequency questionnaire at 1 (valid response n = 92; mean age, 34 years) and 3 (n = 57) months after delivery. Breast milk was sampled at 1 and 3 months and the macronutrient contents were analyzed. The average pre-pregnancy body mass index and weight gain during pregnancy were 20.7 +/- 2.6 kg/m(2) and 9.6 +/- 3.7 kg, respectively. At 1 month, average maternal calorie intake was 1993 +/- 417 kcal/day, which was lower than the intake recommended by Japanese Dietary Reference Intakes for breastfeeding mothers. There were no significant differences with regard to maternal calorie and protein intake, and breast milk macronutrient content between breastfed infants with weight above and below the 25th percentile of its distribution at both 1 and 3 months. This study suggests that suboptimal calorie intake by breastfeeding mothers and breast milk macronutrient content were not associated with weight of their infants at 1 and 3 months after delivery

High-Throughput Chemical Screen Identifies a Novel Potent Modulator of Cellular Circadian Rhythms and Reveals CKIα as a Clock Regulatory Kinase

A novel compound “longdaysin” was found to dramatically slow down the speed of the circadian clock through simultaneous inhibition of protein kinases CKIδ, CKIα, and ERK2

Development of disease-specific growth charts in Turner syndrome and Noonan syndrome

Many congenital diseases are associated with growth failure, and patients with these diseases have specific growth patterns. As the growth patterns of affected individuals differ from those of normal populations, it is challenging to detect additional conditions that can influence growth using standard growth charts. Disease-specific growth charts are thus very useful tools and can be helpful for understanding the growth pattern and pathogenesis of congenital diseases. In addition, disease-specific growth charts allow doctors to detect deviations from the usual growth patterns for early diagnosis of an additional condition and can be used to evaluate the effects of growth-promoting treatment for patients. When developing these charts, factors that can affect the reliability of the charts should be considered. These factors include the definition of the disease with growth failure, selection bias in the measurements used to develop the charts, secular trends of the subjects, the numbers of subjects of varying ages and ethnicities, and the statistical method used to develop the charts. In this review, we summarize the development of disease-specific growth charts for Japanese individuals with Turner syndrome and Noonan syndrome and evaluate the efforts to collect unbiased measurements of subjects with these diseases. These charts were the only available disease-specific growth charts of Turner syndrome and Noonan syndrome for Asian populations and were developed using a Japanese population. Therefore, when these charts are adopted for Asian populations other than Japanese, different growth patterns should be considered

The value of anthropometric indices for childhood obesity in Japan

Context: Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health problems. The simplest method for the identification of adiposity in children involves measuring height and weight because these metrics are easy to obtain and are not greatly affected by observers. Objective: Body mass index (BMI) has been widely used as a surrogate marker of childhood obesity, particularly after the International Obesity Task Force recommended that BMI is appropriate for the determination of childhood obesity. However, in Japan, the percentage of overweight (POW) is more widely used for evaluating childhood obesity. Methods: This review discusses and summarises the situation in Japan regarding the use of various anthropometric indices for assessing childhood obesity, focusing on POW and BMI and including the situation with disease-specific indices. Results: There are two main reasons why POW is widely used in Japan instead of BMI. One reason is that the Japan Society for the Study of Obesity recommended that POW should be used for evaluating childhood obesity. The other reason is that BMI cut-off values for childhood obesity have not been determined in Japan. Conclusion: Individuals involved in child healthcare in Japan should keep in mind both the merits and drawbacks of various anthropometric indices