Análisis teórico-práctico de las emisiones de un buque oceanográfico con propulsión diésel-eléctrica

La situación actual a nivel normativo derivado de la aplicación del anexo vi del marpol, implica la búsqueda de alternativas para la reducción de emisiones de contaminantes a la atmósfera. No solamente para buques de nuevo diseño, sino también para buques existentes, para reducir su indicador de intensidad de carbono operacional (cii) y en general, para la reducción de todas las emisiones. Para ello, debe implementarse medidas operacionales y técnicas para la reducción del ratio establecido. en el presente proyecto se utiliza un software de optimización de rutas mediante la meteorología para cuantificar la reducción de emisiones alcanzada mediante esta técnica operativa con respecto a la ruta de distancia mínimo. El caso de estudio analiza una derrota de vigo a málaga del b/o sarmiento de gamboa. del análisis se desprende que la ruta optimizada versus la ruta mínima geográfica, es más sostenible y más rápida, dado que modifica algo su trayectoria, aprovechando las condiciones de mar, gracias a las condiciones de altura significativa y dirección de la mar, que el programa obtiene de la red copernicus®. con ello, se evidencia que, mediante técnicas operativas, puede reducirse substancialmente las emisiones y el consumo de combustible, favoreciendo los indicadores de intensidad de carbono y de contaminantes de gases de efecto invernadero

In vivo experience with natural scaffolds for myocardial infarction : the times they are a-changin'

Altres ajuts: La Marató de TV3 (12/2232)Treating a myocardial infarction (MI), the most frequent cause of death worldwide, remains one of the most exciting medical challenges in the 21st century. Cardiac tissue engineering, a novel emerging treatment, involves the use of therapeutic cells supported by a scaffold for regenerating the infarcted area. It is essential to select the appropriate scaffold material; the ideal one should provide a suitable cellular microenvironment, mimic the native myocardium, and allow mechanical and electrical coupling with host tissues. Among available scaffold materials, natural scaffolds are preferable for achieving these purposes because they possess myocardial extracellular matrix properties and structures. Here, we review several natural scaffolds for applications in MI management, with a focus on pre-clinical studies and clinical trials performed to date. We also evaluate scaffolds combined with different cell types and proteins for their ability to promote improved heart function, contractility and neovascularization, and attenuate adverse ventricular remodeling. Although further refinement is necessary in the coming years, promising results indicate that natural scaffolds may be a valuable translational therapeutic option with clinical impact in MI repair

Compressional behavior of the aragonite-structure carbonates to 6 GPa

Supplementary Information The online version contains supplemen- tary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00269-023-01237-6.The behaviors of aragonite (CaCO3 ), strontianite (SrCO3 ), cerussite (PbCO3 ), and witherite (BaCO3 ) at increasing pressure have been studied up to 6 GPa using density functional theory with plane waves. A parallelism of the orthorhombic carbonates with the closed-packed AsNi structure is considered in our analysis, being the CO2−3 groups not centered in the interstice of the octahedron. The decomposition of the unit-cell volume into atomic contributions using the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules has allowed the analysis of the bulk modulus in atomic contributions. The bulk, axes, interatomic distances, and atomic compressibilities are calculated. The largest compression is on the c crystallographic axis, and the c linear modulus has a linear function with the mineral bulk modulus (K0 ). Many of the interatomic distances moduli of the alkaline earth (AE) carbonates show linear functions with the bulk modulus; however, the whole series (including cerussite) only gives linear functions when K0 is related either with the CC distances modulus or the modulus of the distances of the C to the faces of the octahedron perpendicular to c. These last distances are the projections of the Metal–Oxygen (MO) distances to the center of the octahedron. K0AE carbonates also show linear functions with the atomic moduli of their cations. However, the whole series show a linear relation with the atomic modulus of C atoms. Therefore, the whole series highlight the importance of the C atoms and their interactions in the mechanism of compression of the orthorhombic carbonate series.Spanish MCINN and European FEDER Grants FIS2016-77692-C2. 2PCIN-2017-098Junta de Andalucía for the RNM-264-363 and RNM-264-1897 PAI-Grant

Using explainability to help children understand Gender Bias in AI

The final publication is available at ACM via http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3459990.3460719Machine learning systems have become ubiquitous into our society. This has raised concerns about the potential discrimination that these systems might exert due to unconscious bias present in the data, for example regarding gender and race. Whilst this issue has been proposed as an essential subject to be included in the new AI curricula for schools, research has shown that it is a difficult topic to grasp by students. We propose an educational platform tailored to raise the awareness of gender bias in supervised learning, with the novelty of using Grad-CAM as an explainability technique that enables the classifier to visually explain its own predictions. Our study demonstrates that preadolescents (N=78, age 10-14) significantly improve their understanding of the concept of bias in terms of gender discrimination, increasing their ability to recognize biased predictions when they interact with the interpretable model, highlighting its suitability for educational programs.Peer ReviewedObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::4 - Educació de Qualitat::4.4 - Per a 2030, augmentar substancialment el nombre de joves i persones adultes que tenen les competències necessàries, en particular tècniques i professionals, per a accedir a l’ocupació, el treball digne i l’emprenedoriaObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::4 - Educació de QualitatPostprint (author's final draft

A theoretical revisit of giant transmission of light through a metallic nano-slit surrounded with periodic grooves

The giant transmission of light through a metallic nano-slit surrounded by periodic grooves on the input surface is revisited theoretically. It is shown that the influence to the transmission comes from three parts: the groove-generated surface plasmon wave (SPW), the nano-slit-generated SPW and the incident wave. The groove-generated SPW is the main factor determining the local field distribution around the nano-slit opening, which is directly related to the transmission through the nano-slit. The nano-slit-generated SPW can be considered as a disturbance to the light distribution on the input surface. The influence of the incident wave can be strongly reduced when strong surface plasmon wave is generated on the input surface by many periods of deep grooves. Our study shows that the slit-to-groove distance for a maximal transmission through the nano-slit surrounded with periodic grooves can not be predicted by several previous theories, including the magnetic field phase theory of a recent work (Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 043902, 2007). A clear physical explanation is given for the dependence of the transmission on the slit-to-groove distance.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

A New Approach To Expandable Structures: Crossed Expandable Frames (X-Frames)

The use of expandable structures in the field of building began in the 1960s, based on the pioneering work of Emilio Pérez Piñero. They underwent significant developments at the end of the 20th century, with typologies based on scissors or bundle modules. Until now, this typology has not been further enhanced, despite some very interesting contributions. These studies are usually based on straight bar expandable structures, although there are some interesting proposals based on the deployability of parallel arc systems, even in real buildings. However, other possible types of expandable structures have not been explored to date. In this paper, a new system for expandable structures is proposed, which opens new and interesting design possibilities based on the same folding principle. The system consists of deploying elements such as arches or frames with multiple intersections. Solutions for cylindrical vaults with horizontal axis joints and more complex geometries such as conoids are proposed, as well as domes with vertical and horizontal axis joints. Finally, other structures with special kinematic compatibility difficulties, such as concentric domes or toroids, are also studied.MINECO; BIA2016-79459-

On the effect of sudden data bursts in the upstream channel of Ethernet PONs employing IPACT under the gated-service discipline

The Interleaved Polling with Adapted Cycle Times (IPACT) algorithm for dynamic bandwidth allocation proposed for Ethernet Passive Optical Networks (EPONs) has been deeply analysed in the literature under Poisson traffic. However, the case when ONUs suddenly offer bursty traffic in the upstream channel of a PON has not been considered in such detail.This paper studies the performance behaviour of the upstream channel of EPONs employing IPACT with the gated-service disciple, under Poisson traffic together with sudden bursts. We show that one burst arrival produces a peak in the average transmission window of every ONU, lasting its effects for several cycle times, depending on the burst size and the average network load. Such a burst has a direct impact on the delay experienced by the packets of other ONUs. This is mathematically modelled using a modification of the formerly studied M/G/1 queue with vacations and validated with simulation.The authors would like to thank the reviewers for their valuable comments through the reviewing process of this paper. The authors would also like to acknowledge the Spanish-funded CRAMnet (Grant no. TEC2012-38362-C03-01) and the Madrid Community MEDIANET (S2009-TIC1468) projects for their support to this work

Stability of 3D-porous Ni/Cu cathodes under real alkaline electrolyzer operating conditions and its effect on catalytic activity

Despite the development and synthesis of new electrode materials for hydrogen generation in alkaline water electrolyzers has been a research topic widely exploited in the last years, stability tests on the obtained cathodes have been restricted to long-term potentiostatic/galvanostatic experiments which do not fulfil the real operating conditions that take place in those devices. In this work, two different Service Life Tests have been designed and implemented, aiming at including particular conditions (i.e. inverse polarity and short-circuit) in the durability and catalytic activity of cathode characterization. For this purpose, Ni/Cu bilayered porous electrodes were prepared using different Ni electrodeposition times (15, 30 and 45 min) following a double template electrochemical method. It has been confirmed that the electrode with the lowest Ni content can be considered as a promising electrocatalyst for hydrogen production under industrial conditions because of its optimal activity and stability after the two sets of testing conditions. In particular, electrochemical studies demonstrated that an inversion in polarity can positively affect the electrode performance, as a consequence of the synergetic interaction between CuO/Cu(OH)(2) and beta-Ni(OH)(2) species formed at potentials below the oxygen evolution domain.The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support given by the Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/2010/023) and Spanish Government (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovation) for the postgraduate grants AP2007-01243 (Carlos Valero-Vidal) and AP2007-03737 (Isaac Herraiz-Cardona).Valero Vidal, C.; Herraiz Cardona, I.; Pérez-Herranz, V.; Igual Muñoz, AN. (2016). Stability of 3D-porous Ni/Cu cathodes under real alkaline electrolyzer operating conditions and its effect on catalytic activity. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. 198:142-153. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.05.030S14215319