Neural stem cells as a model for screening environmental toxicants and a pharmacologically active molecule

Primary neural stem cells (NSCs) from postnatal mice are a valuable, economical, ethically acceptable and sensitive in vitro model for screening environmental pollutants and plant molecules with neuromodulating properties. An in vitro assay system based upon NSCs from the subventricular zone of postnatal mice was established to screen the neurotoxicities of pollutants occur in treated and untreated water samples collected from a local area of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany. The assay was successfully employed to explore the neurotoxic impact of Glyphosate at concentrations presumed to be safe in potable water. The same assay was also used to assess the neurogenerative and neuroprotective properties of Troxerutin flavonoid. The NSCs model uncovered the deleterious effects of waterborne pollutants on the basic neurogenesis processes and the toxic potential of the Glyphosate molecule on neural cell differentiation, migration and cytoprotective genes. The model also revealed the neurogenerative activities of Troxerutin and its role in neuroprotection against the amyloid-ß42 induced inhibition of neuronal cell differentiation. The NSCs based bioassay should be included in the existing battery of bioassays available for screening waterborne pollutants. The present study may be helpful for regulatory authorities to revise the permissible levels of pesticides in drinking water. The study established a new screening method for a flavonoid with neurogenerative properties.Primäre neurale Stammzellen (NSCs) aus postnatalen Mäusen sind ein wertvolles, kostengünstiges, ethisch akzeptables und empfindliches invitro Screening-Modell für Umweltschadstoffe und Pflanzenmoleküle mit neuromodulierenden Eigenschaften. Ein auf diese NSCs basierterin vitro Assay, wurde etabliert, um die Neurotoxizität von Schadstoffen zu screenen, die in unbehandelten und behandelten Wasserproben aus einem lokalen Gebiet in Baden Württemberg, Deutschland, enthalten sind. Dabei wurden die neurotoxischen Auswirkungen des Pestizids Glyphosat bei Konzentrationen untersucht, die in tragbarem Wasser als sicher gelten. Der gleiche Assay wurde auch verwendet, um die neurogenerativen und neuroprotektiven Eigenschaften vom Troxerutin-Flavonoid zu bewerten. Die schädlichen Auswirkungen von wassergebundenen Schadstoffen auf die grundlegenden Prozesse der Neurogenese, das toxische Potenzial des Glyphosat-Moleküls sowie die neurogenerativen und neuroprotektiven Eigenschaften von Troxerutin gegen die Amyloid-ß42-induzierte Hemmung der Differenzierung neuronaler Zellen wurden mit diesem NSC Assay gezeigt. Der auf NSCs basierende Bioassay sollte in die bestehende Batterie von Bioassays aufgenommen werden, die für das Screening von wassergebundenen Schadstoffen zur Verfügung stehen. Die Studie kann darüber hinaus für Regulierungsbehörden hilfreich sein, um die zulässigen Pestizidwerte im Trinkwasser zu überarbeiten. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Studie wurde somit eine neue Screening Methode für das Troxerutin Flavonoid mit neurogenerativen Eigenschaften etablier

Rent-A-Car

The Rent-a-Car application will improve the efficiency of the web-based Rental Car business. A renter can reserve a car from anywhere in the world. Renters from all around the world will be able to book cars through our website. The owner enters their vehicle information, which is shown on the main page. A renter who has registered on the website has the option of reserving the car they require. The renter pays the owner for the car rental and can reserve it whenever they want. The money will be deposited into the car owner\u27s account. The vehicle\u27s condition and details have been approved by the administrator. This automatic method assists the renter and owner by filling out the information based on their requirements. Our application has three consoles. Owner, Admin, and Renters The administrator can manage both the owner and the renter. Owners can only manage their vehicles, bookings, and so on. Renters can view their profile, booking history, and other information. We are using .NET Core logic in Visual Studio to create the application that will handle the functionalities

Asymptomatic urinary tract infection: Cause of postoperative wound infection

bstract OBJECTIVE: To determine the rate of urinary tract infection in patients given incomplete treatment before undergoing hip fracture surgery. METHODS: The descriptive case series was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, From October 25, 2012 to April 24, 2013. 84 postmenopausal women having hip fracture along with asymptomatic urinary tract infection. The infection was treated incompletely and postoperatively wound infection rate was determined. The SPSS version 17 was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The overall mean age of the 84 patients in the study was 63.57+10.34 years. Overall, 14(16.7%) patients had wound infection after orthopaedic implant surgery for hip fracture. CONCLUSIONS: There was a high occurrence of wound infection after hip implant surgery in patients having preoperative asymptomaticurinary tract infection who were treated incompletely

Impact of unplanned excision on prognosis of patients with extremity soft tissue sarcoma

Unplanned excision of soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) outside comprehensive tumor management centers necessitates the need for wide reexcision to achieve adequate margins. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 135 patients with STS operated at our hospital with the goal of examining outcomes, in terms of local recurrence (LR) and metastasis rate (MR), of reexcision following unplanned excision of STS and comparing results with those of first-time planned surgery. Eighty-four patients had their first-time surgery and 51 patients had come to us following unplanned excision at prereferral hospital. Mean age of all patients was 41.8 ± 21.9 years. The LR and MR was 14.3% and 8.3%, respectively, in patients undergoing first resection, whereas it was 21.4% and 13.7%, respectively, in patients undergoing revision surgery. Average duration from previous unplanned excision was 8 months. Twelve patients were referred immediately after excised specimen revealed STS, while 39 patients presented after evident local recurrence. Wide reexcision was attempted in 48 patients while three patients need amputation. Adjuvant radiotherapy was administered in all patients undergoing limb-sparing surgery. Ten patients needed adjuvant chemotherapy.We conclude that wide reexcision of STS has poorer outcomes compared to planned excision. Therefore, patients with soft tissue masses should be managed by multidisciplinary oncology team at specialized cancer centers

Subacromial impingement syndrome

Subacromial impingement syndrome (SAIS) represents a spectrum of pathology ranging from subacromial bursitis to rotator cuff tendinopathy and full-thickness rotator cuff tears. The relationship between subacromial impingement and rotator cuff disease in the etiology of rotator cuff injury is a matter of debate. However, the etiology is multi-factorial, and it has been attributed to both extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms. Management includes physical therapy, injections, and, for some patients, surgery. No high-quality randomized controlled trials are available so far to provide possible evidence for differences in outcome of different treatment strategies. There remains a need for high-quality clinical research on the diagnosis and treatment of SAIS

Use of femoral nail with spiral blade in subtrochanteric fractures

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of acute subtrochanteric fractures managed with intramedullary nail and spiral blade fixation of the proximal fragment.Methods: Charts of 33 patients (17 males and 16 females) with acute subtrochanteric fractures operated with intramedullary nail and spiral blade at our institution between March 2006 and February 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. The most common (67%) mechanism of injury was ground-level fall, predominantly involving elderly patients. Results were evaluated in terms of union time, implant failure rate, infection rate and functional outcome.Results: Mean duration of surgery was 2.4 hours and average length of hospital stay was 7 days. Mean radiological healing time was 16 weeks. Good healing occurred in 31 (94%) patients within 6 months of surgery. Uneventful healing occurred in 28 (85%) patients and 3 (9%) had delayed healing requiring dynamization in two patients and bone grafting in one. Implant failure occurred in 2 (6%) patients within 2 months of index surgery requiring repeat surgery. One (3%) patient had varus malunion.Conclusion: Intramedullary nailing with spiral blade is a good option for acute subtrochanteric fractures with promising results. We think that this is a superior device compared to conventional methods of fixation for subtrochanteric fractures

Segmental excision versus intralesional curettage with adjuvant therapy for giant cell tumour of bone

Abstract PURPOSE: To review the functional outcome and local recurrence rate of 29 patients who underwent segmental excision or intralesionalcurettage with adjuvant therapy for giant cell tumour (GCT) of bone. METHODS: Records of 17 men and 12 women (mean age, 30.17 years) who underwent segmental excision (n=18) or intralesional curettage followed by adjuvant therapy (n=11) for GCT of the femur (n=13), tibia (n=8), radius (n=6), or ulna (n=2) were reviewed. Nine of the patients had recurrent GCT of bone and had undergone segmental excision (n=6) or intralesional curettage (n=3) elsewhere. Functional outcome was evaluated using the Musculoskeletal Tumour Society (MSTS) scoring system. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 6.4 (range, 3-13.5) years. 14 patients were followed up for 3 to 5 years, 12 for 5 to 10 years, and 3 for \u3e10 years. Of 20 patients with primary GCT of bone, 12 underwent segmental excision and had no recurrence, and 8 underwent intralesional curettage, 2 of whom developed local recurrence. Of the remaining 9 patients with recurrent GCT of bone, there was one re-recurrence in each surgical option. Local recurrence was not associated with Campanacci grading or type of surgery. One of 18 patients with segmental excision and 3 of 11 patients with intralesional curettage had local recurrence (5.6% vs. 27.3%, p=0.139). The MSTS score was excellent in 7, good in 6, moderate in 2, fair in 2, and poor in one patient after segmental excision, whereas the score was excellent in 9 and good in 2 patients after intralesional curettage (p=0.206). The proportion of yielding an excellent outcome was higher after intralesionalcurettage (38.9% vs. 81.8%, p=0.0289). Nonetheless, the mean MSTS score of the 2 groups was comparable (74.17% vs. 86.36%, p=0.054). CONCLUSION: Local recurrence of GCT was not associated with the surgical option. Nonetheless, intralesional curettage resulted in better functional outcome

Isolated cryptococcal osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent patient

bstract Cryptococcosis is a rare infection in HIV-negative individuals. While the lungs and the central nervous system are most commonly infected, skeletal cryptococcosis is uncommon and isolated osteomyelitis due to Cryptococcus neoformans is quite rare. To our knowledge, only 47 cases of isolated cryptococcal osteomyelitis have been reported from 1974 to 2005. We report a case of isolatedcryptococcal osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent patient, who received 12 weeks of fluconazole with complete recovery

Radiotherapy for localised Ewing’s sarcoma in children

Umer M, Qadir I, Abbasi N, Das JK, Lassi ZS. Radiotherapy for localised Ewing\u27s sarcoma in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014, Issue 5. Art. No.: CD011105. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011105. ... Radiotherapy for localised Ewing\u27s sarcoma in children (Protocol) Copyright © 2014 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ... Radiotherapy for localised Ewing\u27s sarcoma in children (Protocol) Copyright © 2014 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Using the community informant based (Made-In and Made-For) methodology for estimating MMR in Punjab

Pakistan is one of the six countries that account for more than 50 percent of the world’s maternal deaths. Each year, there are nearly 14,000 pregnancy-related deaths. Although maternal mortality has fallen from 533 per 100,000 live births in 1990–91 to 276 in 2006–07, Pakistan has not been able to achieve its Millennium Development Goal target of reducing maternal mortality to 140 per 100,000 live births by 2015. Planners require a method that can provide reliable subnational estimates easily, cost effectively. and with greater regularity. The Research and Advocacy Fund offered support to the Government of Pakistan to assess the feasibility of testing a new community informant-based approach, “Made-In Made-For,” for estimating the maternal mortality rate at the community level. A pilot study was conducted by the Population Council to test the approach in Chakwal, a district of Punjab, with promising results. Subsequently, government officials indicated their interest in seeing the approach scaled up in at least one province, Punjab, to provide reliable provincial-level estimates. This study has identified specific areas that need strong policy and programmatic interventions to improve maternal health outcomes