10 research outputs found

    Influence du Procede de Fabrication sur la Conformite aux Normes des Produits d’une Boyauderie Industrielle au Centre du Maroc

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    L'industrie de boyauderie a connu un dĂ©veloppement prodigieux ces derniers temps au Maroc. Cette situation exige une conformitĂ© des produits de boyauderie destinĂ©s Ă  l'exportation, Ă©tant donnĂ© que les produits de charcuterie sont souvent soumis Ă  de multiples sources de contamination liĂ©es Ă  la longueur et Ă  la complexitĂ© de leur cheminement, c'est-Ă -dire, de l'Ă©table Ă  la table. Afin d'Ă©valuer la qualitĂ© hygiĂ©nique des boyaux, des analyses microbiologiques ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es sur 7 lots diffĂ©rents de boyaux, Ă  des stades diffĂ©rents de traitement dans une unitĂ© de boyauderie, au centre du Maroc. Les rĂ©sultats montrent que tous les Ă©chantillons analysĂ©s durant les Ă©tapes de mesurage, Ă©gouttage et salage ont Ă©tĂ© conformes. Cependant, les Ă©tapes du calibrage, tubage et conditionnement ont prĂ©sentĂ© un pourcentage de non- conformitĂ© de 28,6, 42,9 et 14,3 %, respectivement. La non-conformitĂ© des Ă©chantillons analysĂ©s a Ă©tĂ© liĂ©e principalement Ă  la prĂ©sence de coliformes totaux et fĂ©caux. Cette contamination fĂ©cal a sans doute Ă©tĂ© causĂ©e par le non-respect des rĂšgles d'hygiĂšne au niveau des ateliers de production et/ou par les manipulateurs et pourrait ĂȘtre Ă  l'origine d'un risque sanitaire. L'Ă©valuation du microbisme bactĂ©rien a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© que le calibrage, le tubage et le conditionnement sont des Ă©tapes critiques, dont la maĂźtrise est nĂ©cessaire pour assurer la conformitĂ© du produit fini. Ce qui traduit la nĂ©cessitĂ© d'instaurer un systĂšme de contrĂŽle qualitĂ©.Mots clĂ©s : Boyaux, qualitĂ© hygiĂ©nique, analyses, risque sanitaire, conformitĂ©, Maro

    Characterisation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ARO8 and ARO9 genes encoding aromatic aminotransferases I and II reveals a new aminotransferase subfamily

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    The ARO8 and ARO9 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were isolated by complementation of the phenylalanine/tyrosine auxotrophy of an aro8 aro9 double-mutant strain that is defective in aromatic aminotransferases I (aro8) and II (aro9). The genes were sequenced, and deletion mutants were constructed and analysed. The expression of ARO8 and ARO9 was studied. The deduced amino acid sequences of Aro8p and Aro9p suggest that the former is a 500-residue, 56168-Da polypeptide and the latter a 513-residue, 58516-Da polypeptide. They correspond, respectively, to Ygl202p and Yhr137p, two putative proteins of unknown function revealed by systematic sequencing of the yeast genome. We show that aromatic aminotransferases I and II are homologous proteins, members of aminotransferase subgroup I, and, together with three other proteins, they constitute within the subgroup a new subfamily of enzymes specialised for aromatic amino acid and α-aminoadipate transamination. ARO8 expression is subject to the general control of amino acid biosynthesis. ARO9 expression is induced when aromatic amino acids are present in the growth medium and also in aro8 mutants grown on minimal ammonia medium. An autonomously replicating sequence (ARS) element is located between the ARO8 gene and YGL201c which encodes a protein of the minichromosome maintenance family.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

    Contribution À La CaractĂ©risation Microbiologique Et Enzymatique D'un Site ExtrĂȘme :Les Tanneries Traditionnelles De FĂšs

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    <p>ABSTRACT: Microorganisms in general are of abounding sources of unique enzymes that can be particularly<br>used in biotechnology. To face up the growing request of the industrialists notably in the field of biocatalysises,<br>numerous efforts are provided for the research of enzymes of interest. This concerns principally enzymes<br>coming from extremophiles microorganisms. These enzymes will be undoubtedly of a big interest to intervene in<br>close future in industrial techniques. It is as part of a possible promotion of microbic means by use of their<br>enzymes that we accomplished a first job which is interested in an extreme middle ' the traditional tanneries of<br>Fez. In a first shutter, we performed a physicochemical characterization of different stages of tanning; then we<br>undertook the isolation of microorganisms by a bet in culture on appropriate medium and at the end, we could<br>revealed certain of enzymatic potentialities (cellulase, pectinase, amylase, tannase and lipase) that the cleaned<br>microbic isolats culminates.</p> <p> </p

    Evaluation de la variabilitĂ© spatiotemporelle dans un verger d’olivier Ă  travers des images multispectrales prises par un drone

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    Precision Agriculture (PA) is a management strategy based on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) used to assist management decisions with the aim to increase productivity, to reduce labor time and inputs needed, to improve benefits and to protect the environment. Techniques related to PA were initially used to monitor status of annual crops and they were recently adopted on fruit trees. Nevertheless, PA is still in its initiation phase in Morocco. Given the importance of olive in the national and international levels, applying this concept in the intensive and hyper-intensive production systems would be a reliable and cost-effective approach for the assessment of orchards health and nutritional status and then make reliable decisions. With the aim to assess the potential of multi-spectral images to inform on temporal and spatial variability characterizing an olive orchard, this study was carried out in an orchard of 22 ha, in Meknes region, Morocco, planted principally with “Picholine marocaine” variety. Four Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) flights, from June to November 2020, were performed and three vegetation indices (VIs) were computed: NDVI, GNDVI and NDRE. Spatial variability was assessed using variogram, a geostatistical tool, and temporal variability was evaluated using Spearman rank correlation and relative difference methods. The three VIs showed a weak temporal and spatial stability of trees which indicate an overall unstable canopy condition related to tree physiological behavior and environmental conditions (temperature and rainfall). Additionally, the observation of a potential stress was recorded firstly by NDRE, followed by NDVI and GNDVI. Results show promising perspectives of using remote sensing techniques to assess olive trees status and therefore support farmers in orchards management. Such challenge requires more in-depth work to develop in house models correlating VIs to agronomical parameters.L’agriculture de prĂ©cision (AP) est un concept, basĂ© sur les technologies de l’information et de communication (TIC), qui conjugue Ă  la fois des objectifs agronomiques (amĂ©lioration du rendement et de la qualitĂ© des produits), Ă©conomiques (minimisation des coĂ»ts de production) et environnementaux (meilleure utilisation des intrants). Les techniques relevant de l’AP ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©es au premier abord sur les grandes cultures, mais ont Ă©tĂ© vite adoptĂ©es en arboriculture fruitiĂšre. Au Maroc, le recours Ă  ce nouveau concept reste limitĂ© et encore moins au niveau de l’olivier. Etant donnĂ© l’importance de cette culture, tant Ă  l’échelle nationale qu’internationale, le recours Ă  l’AP comme moyen d’aide Ă  la dĂ©cision pour une gestion raisonnĂ©e et efficiente des vergers d’olivier; conduits en intensif et semi intensif; prĂ©sente une approche prometteuse pour l’olĂ©iculture marocaine. Le prĂ©sent travail consiste Ă  Ă©tudier le potentiel des images multispectrales pour dĂ©celer la variabilitĂ© spatiotemporelle pouvant caractĂ©riser un verger d’olivier. L’étude a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e dans une oliveraie de 22 ha dans la rĂ©gion de MeknĂšs, plantĂ©e par la variĂ©tĂ© « Picholine marocaine ». A partir des images multispectrales, prises sur 4 survols de drone (de juin Ă  novembre), trois indices de vĂ©gĂ©tation (IV) : NDVI, GNDVI et NDRE ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©rivĂ©s. La variabilitĂ© spatiale a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e Ă  l'aide du variogramme, un outil gĂ©ostatistique, alors que la variabilitĂ© temporelle a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e Ă  l'aide des mĂ©thodes de corrĂ©lation de Spearman Rank et des diffĂ©rences relatives. Les trois IVs ont montrĂ© une faible stabilitĂ© temporelle et spatiale au niveau du verger; une instabilitĂ© liĂ©e au comportement physiologique des arbres (la canopĂ©e particuliĂšrement) et aux conditions environnementales (tempĂ©rature et prĂ©cipitations). En plus, la prĂ©sence d’un stress potentiel a Ă©tĂ© enregistrĂ©e d'abord par le NDRE, puis par le NDVI et le GNDVI. Les rĂ©sultats montrent des perspectives prometteuses d'utilisation des images multispectrales dans le cas des oliviers et invitent Ă  un travail plus approfondi pour dĂ©velopper des modĂšles corrĂ©lant les IVs aux paramĂštres agronomiques qu’il serait utile de suivre

    Electroporation of mycobacteria.

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    International audienceHigh-efficiency transformation of DNA is integral to the study of mycobacteria, allowing genetic manipulation. Electroporation is the most widely used method for introducing DNA into mycobacterial strains. Many parameters contribute to high-efficiency transformation; these include the species per strain, the transforming DNA, the selectable marker, the growth medium additives, and the conditions of electroporation. In this chapter we provide an optimized method for the transformation of representative slow- and fast-growing species of mycobacteria-Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. smegmatis, respectively

    The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XIV and its evolutionary implications.

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    In 1992 we started assembling an ordered library of cosmid clones from chromosome XIV of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. At that time, only 49 genes were known to be located on this chromosome and we estimated that 80% to 90% of its genes were yet to be discovered. In 1993, a team of 20 European laboratories began the systematic sequence analysis of chromosome XIV. The completed and intensively checked final sequence of 784,328 base pairs was released in April, 1996. Substantial parts had been published before or had previously been made available on request. The sequence contained 419 known or presumptive protein-coding genes, including two pseudogenes and three retrotransposons, 14 tRNA genes, and three small nuclear RNA genes. For 116 (30%) protein-coding sequences, one or more structural homologues were identified elsewhere in the yeast genome. Half of them belong to duplicated groups of 6-14 loosely linked genes, in most cases with conserved gene order and orientation (relaxed interchromosomal synteny). We have considered the possible evolutionary origins of this unexpected feature of yeast genome organization.Journal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tSCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

    Epidemiology of infection by nontuberculous mycobacteria

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