Patterns of multiple primaries in fortyfour cancer patients: a single-center clinical experience

Introduction. Multiple primaries are defined as the existence of more than one synchronous or metachronous cancer type in the same individual. Due to a longer follow-up time after a primary cancer diagnosis, the likelihood of detection of a second primary is also increased. We report on patterns of multiple primaries in a cohort of cancer patients from a single institution.  Material and methods. We identified 44 patients with multiple primaries that were diagnosed, treated, and followed up between March 2011 and January 2022 from our prospectively maintained database at the Hatay Education and Research Hospital Cancer Unit.  Results. The median follow-up time was 60 months (range; 3–103). The median time between the diagnosis of the first primary and the second primary was 29 months (range; 0–94). The median OS was 76 months (95% Cl 26.6–125.4) from the first diagnosis and 27 months (95% Cl 0.65–53.4) from the diagnosis of the second primary for the entire cohort. The first diagnosed tumor was localized in the gastrointestinal system in 43.2% of patients and 65.9% of all tumors were adenocarcinoma. The first diagnosed cancer was at an early stage (Stages I and II) in 63.6% of patients. At the staging evaluation of the second primary, 54.5% of patients were found to be in the early stage (Stages I and II) and 45.5% were found to be in the late stage (Stages III and IV).  Conclusions. Our study is important as this is the largest cohort study about practical implications of managing multiple primaries. The risk of second and further primaries should be kept in mind in the active follow-up Introduction and surveillance of cancer patients

Chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla) extract ameliorates hyperglycemia by increasing GLUT2 through Akt2 and antioxidant defense in the liver of rats.

Chard is a plant used as an alternative hypoglycemic agent by diabetic people in Turkey. The aim of this study was to examine the molecular mechanism of hypoglycemic effects of chard extract. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (6-7 months old) were divided into five groups for this investigation: (1) control, (2) hyperglycemic, (3) hyperglycemic+chard, (4) hyperglycemic + insulin, (5) hyperglycemic + chard + insulin. Fourteen days after animals were rendered hyperglycemic by intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin, the chard water extract (2 g/kg/day) or/and insulin (6 U/kg/day) was administered for 45 days. Hypoglycemic effect of chard extract was demonstrated by a significant reduction in the fasting blood glucose and increased glycogen levels in liver of chard extract-treated hyperglycemic rats. Moreover, activity of adenosine deaminase, which is suggested as an important enzyme for modulating the bioactivity of insulin, was decreased by chard treatment. Immunostaining analysis showed increased nuclear translocation of Akt2 and synthesis of GLUT2 in the hepatocytes of chard or/and insulin-treated hyperglycemic rats. The oxidative stress was decreased and antioxidant defense was increased by chard extract or/and insulin treatment to hyperglycemic rats according to the decreased malondialdehyde formation, the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, myeloperoxidase and increased glutathione levels. These findings suggest that chard extract might improve glucose response by increasing GLUT2 through Akt2 and antioxidant defense in the liver. (C) 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved

Chard (Beta vulgaris var. cicla) extract improved hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and surfactant-associated protein alterations in rat lungs

Context: Chard is used as an antidiabetic agent by the diabetic patients in Turkey

Protective Effects of Intralipid and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester on Nephrotoxicity Caused by Dichlorvos in Rats

The protective effects of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) and intralipid (IL) on nephrotoxicity caused by acute Dichlorvos (D) toxicity were investigated in this study. Forty-eight Wistar Albino rats were divided into 7 groups as follows: Control, D, CAPE, intralipid, D + CAPE, D + IL, and D + CAPE + IL. When compared to D group, the oxidative stress index (OSI) values were significantly lower in Control, CAPE, and D + IL + CAPE groups. When compared to D + IL + CAPE group, the TOS and OSI values were significantly higher in D group (P<0.05). When mitotic cell counts were assessed in the renal tissues, it was found that mitotic cell count was significantly higher in the D group while it was lower in the D + CAPE, D + IL, and D + IL + CAPE groups when compared to the control group (P<0.05). Also, immune reactivity showed increased apoptosis in D group and low profile of apoptosis in the D + CAPE group when compared to the Control group. The apoptosis level was significantly lower in D + IL + CAPE compared to D group (P<0.05) in the kidneys. As a result, we concluded that Dichlorvos can be used either alone or in combination with CAPE and IL as supportive therapy or as facilitator for the therapeutic effect of the routine treatment in the patients presenting with pesticide poisoning

Chard ( Beta vulgaris

Context: Chard is used as an antidiabetic agent by the diabetic patients in Turkey