290 research outputs found
Spin fluctuations in iron pnictides and chalcogenides: From antiferromagnetism to superconductivity
The present article reviews recent experimental investigations of spin
dynamics in iron-based superconductors and their parent compounds by means of
inelastic neutron scattering. It mainly focuses on the most contemporary
developments in this field, pertaining to the observations of magnetic resonant
modes in new superconductors, spin anisotropy of low-energy magnetic
fluctuations that has now been observed in a wide range of chemical
compositions and doping levels, as well as their momentum-space anisotropy
incurred by the spin-nematic order. The implications of these new findings for
our understanding of the superconducting state, along with the remaining
unsettled challenges for neutron spectroscopy, are discussed.Comment: Invited review article for a focus issue of Comptes Rendus Physique:
40 pages, 22 figures, 389 reference
Competing charge density waves and temperature-dependent nesting in 2H-TaSe2
Multiple charge density wave (CDW) phases in 2H-TaSe2 are investigated by
high-resolution synchrotron x-ray diffraction. In a narrow temperature range
immediately above the commensurate CDW transition, we observe a multi-q
superstructure with coexisting commensurate and incommensurate order
parameters, clearly distinct from the fully incommensurate state at higher
temperatures. This multi-q ordered phase, characterized by a temperature
hysteresis, is found both during warming and cooling, in contrast to previous
reports. In the normal state, the incommensurate superstructure reflection
gives way to a broad diffuse peak that persists nearly up to room temperature.
Its position provides a direct and accurate estimate of the Fermi surface
nesting vector, which evolves non-monotonically and approaches the commensurate
position as the temperature is increased. This behavior agrees with our recent
observations of the temperature-dependent Fermi surface in the same compound
[Phys. Rev. B 79, 125112 (2009)]
Crossover from weak to strong pairing in unconventional superconductors
Superconductors are classified by their pairing mechanism and the coupling
strength, measured as the ratio of the energy gap to the critical temperature,
Tc. We present an extensive comparison of the gap ratios among many single- and
multiband superconductors from simple metals to high-Tc cuprates and iron
pnictides. Contrary to the recently suggested universality of this ratio in
Fe-based superconductors, we find that the coupling in pnictides ranges from
weak, near the BCS limit, to strong, as in cuprates, bridging the gap between
these two extremes. Moreover, for Fe- and Cu-based materials, our analysis
reveals a universal correlation between the gap ratio and Tc, which is not
found in conventional superconductors and therefore supports a common
unconventional pairing mechanism in both families. An important consequence of
this result for ferropnictides is that the separation in energy between the
excitonic spin-resonance mode and the particle-hole continuum, which determines
the resonance damping, no longer appears independent of Tc.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, 5 tables with an exhaustive overview of the
published gap and spin-resonance measurements in Fe-based superconductors.
New in V3: updated references. To be published in Phys. Rev.
Angle-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy Studies of the Many-Body Effects in the Electronic Structure of High-Tc Cuprates
In spite of the failures to find an ultimate theory of unconventional superconductivity, after many years of research the scientific community possesses a considerable store of theoretical knowledge about the problem. Over time, the focus is gradually shifted from finding a theoretical description of an experimentally observed phenomenon to distinguishing between multiple models that offer comparably reasonable descriptions. From the point of view of an experimentalist, this means that any qualitative under-standing of an experimental observation would no longer suffice. Instead, the empha-sis in the experimental research should be shifted to accurate quantification of obser-vations, which becomes possible only if the results available from all the available ex-perimental methods are connected together by the theoretical glue. Among the meth-ods that are to be unified, ARPES plays a central role. The reason for this is that it gives access to the single-particle excitation spectrum of the material as a function of both momentum and energy with very high resolution. Other experimental techniques, such as inelastic neutron scattering (INS), Raman spectroscopy, or the newly estab-lished Fourier-transform scanning tunneling spectroscopy (FT-STS) probe more com-plicated two-particle spectra of the electrons and up to now can not achieve the mo-mentum resolution comparable with that of ARPES. Such reasoning serves as the mo-tivation for the present work, in which some steps are done towards understanding the anomalous effects observed in the single-particle excitation spectra of cuprates and relating the ARPES technique to other experimental methods. First, the electronic properties of BSCCO are considered — the superconducting cuprate most studied by surface-sensitive methods. The recent progress in un-derstanding the electronic structure of this material is reported, focusing mainly on the many-body effects (renormalization) and their manifestation in the ARPES spectra. The main result of this part of the work is a model of the Green’s function that is later used for calculating the two-particle excitation spectrum. Then, the matrix element effects in the photoemission spectra of cuprates are discussed. After a general introduction to the problem, the thesis focuses on the recently discovered anomalous behavior of the ARPES spectra that partially originates from the momentum-dependent photoemission matrix element. The momentum- and excitation energy dependence of the anomalous high-energy dispersion, termed “waterfalls”, is covered in full detail. Understanding the role of the matrix element effects in this phenomenon proves crucial, as they obstruct the view of the underlying excitation spectrum that is of indisputable interest. Finally, the work describes the relation of ARPES with other experimental methods, with the special focus on the INS spectroscopy. For the optimally doped bilayer Bi-based cuprate, the renormalized two-particle correlation function in the superconducting state is calculated from ARPES data within an itinerant model based on the random phase approximation (RPA). The results are compared with the experimental INS data on BSCCO and YBCO. The calculation is based on numerical models for the normal and anomalous Green’s functions fitted to the experimental single-particle spectra. The renormalization is taken into account both in the single-particle Green’s function by means of the self-energy, and in the two-particle correlation function by RPA. Additionally, two other applications of the same approach are briefly sketched: the relation of ARPES to FT-STS, and the nesting properties of Fermi surfaces in two-dimensional charge density wave systems
Quantitative assessment of pinning forces and the superconducting gap in NbN thin films from complementary magnetic force microscopy and transport measurements
Epitaxial niobium-nitride thin films with a critical temperature of Tc=16K
and a thickness of 100nm were fabricated on MgO(100) substrates by pulsed laser
deposition. Low-temperature magnetic force microscopy (MFM) images of the
supercurrent vortices were measured after field cooling in a magnetic field of
3mT at various temperatures. Temperature dependence of the penetration depth
has been evaluated by a two-dimensional fitting of the vortex profiles in the
monopole-monopole model. Its subsequent fit to a single s-wave gap function
results in the superconducting gap amplitude Delta(0) = 2.9 meV = 2.1*kB*Tc, in
perfect agreement with previous reports. The pinning force has been
independently estimated from local depinning of individual vortices by lateral
forces exerted by the MFM tip and from transport measurements. A good
quantitative agreement between the two techniques shows that for low fields, B
<< Hc2, MFM is a powerful and reliable technique to probe the local variations
of the pinning landscape. We also demonstrate that the monopole model can be
successfully applied even for thin films with a thickness comparable to the
penetration depth.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, 2 table
Editorial on Research Topic: High-Tc Superconductivity in Electron-Doped Iron Selenide and Related Compounds
In this editorial, we first give a brief survey of the field of iron-selenide
superconductivity, both in the case of bulk FeSe characterized by the
co-existence of superconductivity and nematic order, and in the case of
electron-doped FeSe characterized by high-temperature superconductivity. We
next review the 8 contributions to the Frontiers in Physics research topic
"High-Tc Superconductivity in Electron-Doped Iron Selenide and Related
Compounds".Comment: 3 page
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