A study on 80 patients with type 2 diabetes who were administered SGLT2 inhibitor at our clinic. : SGLT2 inhibitor is the strongest drug for treating diabetic nephropathy

We analyzed ８０ patients with type ２ diabetes who were administered SGLT２ inhibitor at our clinic. Side effects such as muscle weakness, vaginal candidiasis and urinary ketone-positive were observed, but there were no hypoglycemia cases that needed the drug reduction. There were only ２ cases of discontinuation of treatment and the reason for high patient satisfaction seemed to be due to weight loss being likely to occur. Combined use of SGLT２ inhibitor in obese patients being treated with SU drug and insulin preparation resulted in a decrease in body weight and HbA１c value and dose reduction of SU drug and insulin preparation were possible. After administration, body weight, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, HbA１c, uric acid and GPT levels decreased significantly. As I already reported, when SGLT２ inhibitor was administered to ２９ patients with diabetic nephropathy, albuminuria decreased about ５０％ after ６ months, about ７０％ after１year and about ８０％ after １．５ years and these reduction rates were much higher than those of RAS inhibitors which efficacy against diabetic nephropathy has already been established, and SGLT２ inhibitors have been reported to be the strongest drug for treating diabetic nephropathy and the decrease in eGFR value has been reported to be due to a decrease in glomerular internal pressure. Analysis in ８０ cases of this time also showed a decrease in eGFR value during the administration period, and it seems that the reduction of eGFR value works to maintain the renal function in the long term

A cross-cultural study of domestic luminous environment in the United Kingdom and Japan

Abstract not available

Evaluation of damage caused on Coffea arabica by a population of Pratylenchus coffeae considered non-pathogenic on coffee

Dois experimentos em casa de vegetação foram realizados com o objetivo de se avaliar os danos causados ao cafeeiro (Coffea arabica) pela população M2 de Pratylenchus coffeae, supostamente não patogênica a cafeeiros. Pelo experimento 1, com cafeeiro 'Catuaí Vermelho' em estágio de dois pares de folhas e utilizando as densidades iniciais de 0, 333, 1.000, 3.000 e 9.000 nematoides por planta, foi demonstrado que a população M2 causa danos a cafeeiros jovens, apesar de não ser capaz de se reproduzir em suas raízes. No experimento 2, mantendo a cultivar e as densidades populacionais do nematoide, mas com plantas em estágio de seis pares de folhas, evidenciou-se que M2 não é capaz de causar danos. Portanto, comprovou-se que M2 é uma população de P. coffeae não patogênica a cafeeiro arábico, por não se reproduzir em tal hospedeiro, mas que, em plantas jovens, provavelmente causa danos durante a primeira geração.Two greenhouse experiments were carried out in order to evaluate the damage caused on Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) by an M2 population of Pratylenchus coffeae, apparently non-pathogenic to coffee. Experiment 1, with 'Catuaí Vermelho' coffee at stage of two leaf pairs and with the initial nematode densities (Pi) of 0; 333; 1,000; 3.000; and 9,000 per plant, demonstrated that M2 can damage young coffee plants, although it is unable to reproduce on coffee roots. Experiment 2, with the same coffee cultivar and nematode densities, but with plants at stage of six leaf pairs, showed that the M2 population was unable to cause damage. Therefore, it was established that M2 is a population of P. coffeae without reproduction on Arabica coffee, which causes damage only in the first generation on young coffee below stages of six leaf pairs.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Crop rotation in center-pivot for phytonematode control: density variation, pathogenicity and crop loss estimation

Estudo de campo realizado em três anos consecutivos, em propriedade agrícola com sucessão de cultura, irrigada por pivô central e infestada pelos nematoides Pratylenchus brachyurus, P. zeae, Meloidogyne incognita, Paratrichodorus minor, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Mesocriconema ornata e M. onoense, comprovou que o controle dos nematoides polífagos é muito difícil. Dentre as culturas implantadas durante o período (algodão, milho, soja e caupi), o algodão se destacou pelas perdas causadas por M. incognita e a soja por P. brachyurus. A exclusão do milho, por ser suscetível a ambos os nematóides, porém tolerante a M. incognita, beneficiaria as culturas de algodão, soja e caupi. Resultados obtidos em condições controladas confirmaram a patogenicidade de P. brachyurus a algodoeiro. O uso da resistência genética como componente do manejo mostrou-se válido para o binômio soja/M. incognita, embora prejudicado pela baixa resistência da soja a P. brachyurus. Concluiu-se que a sucessão de cultura precisa ser cuidadosamente planejada em áreas infestadas com nematoides polífagos, principalmente naquelas em que ocorrem mais de duas espécies patogênicas às culturas utilizadas.A field study conducted over three consecutive years, on a farm using crop rotation system under center-pivot and infested with the nematodes Pratylenchus brachyurus, P. zeae, Meloidogyne incognita, Paratrichodorus minor, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Mesocriconema ornata and M. onoense, demonstrated that intensive crop systems provide conditions for the maintenance of high densities of polyphagous phytonematodes. Of the crops established on the farm (cotton, maize, soybean and cowpea), cotton and soybean suffered the most severe crop losses, caused respectively by M. incognita and P. brachyurus. Since maize is a good host for both nematodes, but tolerant of M. incognita, its exclusion from cropping system would be favorable to the performance of cotton, soybean and cowpea. Results from experiments carried out in controlled conditions confirmed the pathogenicity of P. brachyurus on cotton. Additional management with genetic resistance was useful in fields infested with M. incognita, although the soybean performance was affected by low resistance of the cultivars used for P. brachyurus. In conclusion, crop rotation must be carefully planned in areas infested with polyphagous nematodes, specifically in the case of occurrence of two or more major pathogenic nematodes

Host suitability of oats for Pratylenchus brachyurus

As aveias preta (Avena strigosa), branca (A. sativa) e amarela (A. byzantina) são plantadas na região Sul do Brasil, para produção de grãos, forragem verde, feno, silagem ou palhada. Para formação de palhada, nos sistemas plantio direto (SPD) e integração lavoura pecuária (SILP), é de suma importância que o genótipo de aveia utilizado não cause a elevação populacional de nematoides importantes para as culturas de verão. Em função da atual importância de Pratylenchus brachyurus a várias culturas no Brasil, dois experimentos foram realizados em casa de vegetação com o objetivo de avaliar a reação de aveias a esse nematoide. A populações iniciais (Pi) foram 92 espécimes/parcela no experimento 1 e 270 no experimento 2. Ao final dos períodos experimentais (86 dias após a inoculação no experimento 1 e 67 dias no 2), estimou-se a população final (Pf) de P. brachyurus e determinou-se o fator de reprodução (FR = Pf/Pi). Verificou-se que a aveia preta (FR = 0,04-1,03) é mais indicada que a aveia amarela (FR = 2,63-2,88) e a branca (FR = 1,37-1,93) para o manejo de P. brachyurus.Black oat (Avena strigosa), white oat (A. sativa) and Algerian oat (A. byzantina) are extensively cultivated in the south of Brazil for grain, forage, hay and silage production, or as cover crop in no-tillage and crop-pasture integration systems. In both systems, the genotypes of oat used as cover crop must be nonhosts or poor hosts of damaging nematodes for summer cash crops. Taking into account the relevance of Pratylenchus brachyurus as a pathogen for many cash crops in Brazil, two experiments were carried out in a glasshouse in order to evaluate the host suitability of selected oat cultivars to this nematode. The initial population inoculated (Pi) were 92 specimens/plot in experiment 1, and 270 in experiment 2. At the end of experimental periods (86 days after inoculation in experiment 1 and 67 days in experiment 2), the final population (Pf) of P. brachyurus was estimated and the reproductive factor (RF = Pf/Pi) was calculated. The results demonstrated that black oat (RF = 0.04-1.03) is more valuable than Algerian oat (RF = 2.63-2.88) or white oat (RF = 1.37-1.93) for the management of P. brachyurus