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Mesenchymal dental stem cells in regenerative dentistry

In the last decade, tissue engineering is a field that has been suffering an enormous expansion in the regenerative medicine and dentistry. The use of cells as mesenchymal dental stem cells of easy access for dentist and oral surgeon, immunosuppressive properties, high proliferation and capacity to differentiate into odontoblasts, cementoblasts, osteoblasts and other cells implicated in the teeth, suppose a good perspective of future in the clinical dentistry. However, is necessary advance in the known of growth factors and signalling molecules implicated in tooth development and regeneration of different structures of teeth. Furthermore, these cells need a fabulous scaffold that facility their integration, differentiation, matrix synthesis and promote multiple specific interactions between cells. In this review, we give a brief description of tooth development and anatomy, definition and classification of stem cells, with special attention of mesenchymal stem cells, commonly used in the cellular therapy for their trasdifferentiation ability, non ethical problems and acceptable results in preliminary clinical trials. In terms of tissue engineering, we provide an overview of different types of mesenchymal stem cells that have been isolated from teeth, including dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), dental follicle progenitor stem cells (DFPCs), and stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs), growth factors implicated in regeneration teeth and types of scaffolds for dental tissue regeneration

Breathing pattern in a phase I clinical trial of intraspinal injection of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

The safety of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (ABMNC) intraspinal infusion in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients was evaluated considering breathing and sleep patterns. Patients between 20 and 65 years old were eligible if they had definite ALS, spinal onset, a disease duration between 6 and 36 months, FVC > 50%, and a below 90% oxygen saturation (T90) <2% of sleep time. The transplant was performed 6 months after enrollment. ABMNC were infused at thoracic 3–4 level. Eleven patients were included. The REM sleep decreased slightly one year after the cell transplant but not significantly. There were no differences in apnea–hipopnea index, mean oxygen saturation and nadir desaturation evolution. An increase of T90 was observed 180 and 360 days after injection (2.95 ± 1.51% and 4.30 ± 4.10% respectively), although it was not statistically significant. The central drive determined by occlusion pressure (P01) and inspiratory flow showed non-significant differences after one year. Intramedullary injection of ABMNC did not worsen the cortico medullar diaphragmatic pathways.Peer reviewe

Bilingual writing coactivation: Lexical and sublexical processing in a word dictation task

The current research was completed thanks to financial aid provided by the doctoral research grant FPU16/01748 to AI and grants from the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades-Fondos Feder to MB (PGC2018-093786-B-I00) and DP (PCIN-2015-165-C02-01), and A-CTS-111-UGR18-Feder.Andalucia. We wish to acknowledge Filip Andras for his assistance in data collection.Bilinguals' two languages seem to be coactivated in parallel during reading, speaking, and listening. However, this coactivation in writing has been scarcely studied. This study aimed to assess orthographic coactivation during spelling-to-dictation. We took advantage of the presence of polyvalent graphemes in Spanish (one phonological representation with two orthographic specifications, e.g., / b /for both the graphemes v and b) to manipulate orthographic congruency. Spanish-English bilinguals were presented with cross-linguistic congruent (movement-movimiento) and incongruent words (government-gobierno) for a dictation task. The time and accuracy to initiate writing and to type the rest-of-word (lexical and sublexical processing) were recorded in both the native language (L1) and the second language (L2). Results revealed no differences between conditions in monolinguals. Bilinguals showed a congruency and language interaction with better performance for congruent stimuli, which was evident from the beginning of typing in L2. Language coactivation and lexical-sublexical interaction during bilinguals' writing are discussed.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades-Fondos Feder FPU16/01748 PGC2018-093786-B-I00 PCIN-2015-165-C02-01 A-CTS-111-UGR1

A surgical technique of spinal cord cell transplantation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

3 p., 4 figures and references.We report an original method for implanting bone marrow stem cells within the spinal cord parenchyma. This method was used for the experimental treatment of patients diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The methodology is reproducible and devoid of major complications even in patients showing significant spinal atrophy. Therefore, this report describes a surgical procedure that could be used in other experimental treatments involving the intraspinal delivery of stem cells.This study has been supported partially by a grant from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III EC07/90762, RETICS RD/0010/2012, enhancement line I3SNS, INT07/184, the Fundación Diogenes and by the Fundación Séneca 08859/PI/08.Peer reviewe

Adult stem cell therapy: Dream or reality?

Adult stem cells may be an invaluable source of plastic cells for tissue regeneration. The bone marrow contains different subpopulations of adult stem cells easily accessible for transplantation. However the therapeutic value of adult stem cell is a question of debate in the scientific community. We have investigated the potential benefits of adult hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in animal models of demyelinating and motor neuron diseases. Our results suggest that transplantation of HSC have direct and indirect neuroregenerative and neuroprotective effects.This research was partially supported by grants FIS 021079 from the Fondo Investigación Sanitaria, Beca Séneca SN/3/FS/03, and by FIS-Red TERCEL G03/210.Peer reviewe

Lecciones de Seguridad Social

5ª ed

Lecciones de Seguridad Social / Mª Carmen López Aniorte (coord.); Faustino Cavas Martínez, Francisca Ferrando García, Belén García Romero, Mª Carmen López Aniorte, Guillermo Rodríguez Iniesta, Alejandra Selma Penalva.

LUIS VIVES. SALA. 369 LEC lec.DERECHO. DEPARTAMENTO. E057 SS 1298.DERECHO. DEPARTAMENTO. E057 SS 1297.DERECHO. DEPARTAMENTO. E057 SS 1299.DERECHO. SALA. 369 LOP lec.DERECHO. DEPARTAMENTO. E057 SS 1262.DERECHO. DEPARTAMENTO. E057 SS 1261.DERECHO. DEPARTAMENTO. E057 SS 1272.DERECHO. DEPARTAMENTO. E057 SS 13.DERECHO. SALA. 369 LOP lec

Intramuscular injection of bone marrow stem cells in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients: A randomized clinical trial

[Background]: Preclinical studies suggest that stem cells may be a valuable therapeutic tool in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). As it has been demonstrated that there are molecular changes at the end-plate during the early stages of motorneuron degeneration in animal models, we hypothesize that the local effect of this stem cell delivery method could slow the progressive loss of motor units (MUs) in ALS patients.[Methods]: We designed a Phase I/II clinical trial to study the safety of intramuscularly implanting autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs), including stem cells, in ALS patients and their possible effects on the MU of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle. Twenty-two patients participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that consisted of a baseline visit followed by one intramuscular injection of BMNCs, follow-up visits at 30, 90, 180, and 360 days, and an additional year of clinical follow-up. In each patient, one TA muscle was injected with a single dose of BMMCs while the contralateral muscle was given a placebo; the sides were selected randomly. All visits included a complete EMG study of both TA muscles.[Results]: Our results show that (1) the intramuscular injection of BMMCs is a safe procedure; (2) ALS patients show heterogeneities in the degree of TA injury; (3) a comparison of placebo-injected muscles with BMMC-injected muscles showed significant differences in only one parameter, the D50 index used to quantify the Compound Muscle Action Potential (CMAP) scan curve. This parameter was higher in the BMMC-injected TA muscle at both 90 days (placebo side: 29.55 ± 2.89, n = 20; experimental side: 39.25 ± 3.21, n = 20; p < 0.01) and 180 days (placebo side: 29.35 ± 3.29, n = 17; experimental side: 41.24 ± 3.34, n = 17; p < 0.01).[Conclusion]: This procedure had no effect on the TA muscle MU properties, with the exception of the D50 index. Finding differences in just this index supports the fact that it may be much more sensitive than other electrophysiological parameters when studying treatment effects. Given the low number of patients and their heterogeneity, these results justify exploring the efficacy of this procedure in further patients and other muscles, through Phase II trials.[Clinical Trial Registration]: www.clinicaltrials.gov (identifier NCT02286011); EudraCT number 2011-004801-25.This research was supported by the Ministry of Health, Social Policy and Equality (Spanish Government) through the 2011 Grants for Independent Clinical Research (Trial Ref EC11-325) and grant SAF2017-83702-R, by the Carlos III Health Institute (Spanish Cell Therapy Network) through the RETICS subprogram of the I+D+I 2013–2016 Spanish National plan and co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund “A way of doing Europe” (Ref RD12/0019/0001; Ref RD16/0011/0001) and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO; grant SAF2017-83702-R), and by the Foundation Tatiana Pérez de Guzmán el Bueno.Peer reviewe

Acute and chronic MRI changes in the spine and spinal cord after surgical stem cell grafting in patients with definite amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Post-infusion injuries are unrelated with clinical impairment

[Objective] To report MRI spinal changes after surgical infusion of bone marrow stem cells (BMSc) in ALS patients and assess their correlation with clinical events and functional performance.[Methods] BMSc were surgically injected in the thoracic spinal cord of 11 ALS patients (6/5 male/female; median age 46 years). We performed first-week and third, sixth, ninth and twelfth post-surgical months spinal MRIs. The spinal changes in the postsurgical week and follow-up MRIs, as well as clinical events, functional scales and respiratory and electromyography data, were longitudinally monitored. Correlations between the imaging and clinical data were evaluated with the Spearman's test.[Results] Transient extradural fluid collections (100%), transient spinal cord T2 hyperintensity (81.8%), and chronic spinal cord deformities (63.6%) were the dominating MRI changes. Spinal cord hemorrhages (27.3%) and cystic myelomalacia (1/11 patients) were important although unusual findings. During the follow-up, minor adverse events of mild to moderate intensity eventually improved. Initial and follow-up imaging scores showed a strongly positive correlation (r 0.879, P < 0.001). The initial and delayed clinical scores did not correlate. There was no significant correlation between any of the imaging scores and clinical data.[Conclusions] Infusion of BMSc produces a variety of spinal changes apparently unrelated with clinical events and disease worsening.We would like to acknowledge the statistical support from the Education and Research Unit (Dr. Andrés Carrillo) of the University Hospital Morales Meseguer. We also acknowledge The Carlos III Institute (FIS EC07/90762), Advanced Therapies and Transplant General Direction (Health Ministry, Spain) (TRA-137), ISCIII Spanish Cell Therapy Network (Tercel; RD06/0010/0023), Ingenio 2010 MEC-CONSOLIDER CSD2007-00023, and the Fundación Diógenes, which supported this trial.Peer reviewe