Application of Clinical Aging Indicators for the Assessment of Neurological Health via Screening Among Residents of the Almaty Region

Introduction. Life expectancy at birth is considered to be a primary indicator of public health success. However, an increase in life expectancy is meaningless if it is not accompanied by an equivalent increase in the number of life years without disability such as physical, cognitive, and psychological abilities. The main consequences of disease leading to neurological dysfunction are directly related to issues such as the inability to walk, talk, learn, live in society, or take care of oneself. The objective of the study was to conduct a medical examination of elderly people as a part of the scientific program "Development of a model (program) of anti-aging to provide active longevity of elderly people of Kazakhstan.”Methods. As part of a pilot study, we assessed the presence of the following clinical indicators of aging: cognitive impairment (MMSE test), pyramidal symptoms,and  ataxia. We conducted medical examination (screening) among 150 elderly persons in Almaty City Polyclinic #8 and 287 elderly persons in Central Regional Clinic of Rayimbek Area, Almaty region aged 45 and above.Results. The results show that the intensity of changes is directly dependent on the age of the study groups. The cognitive function is the most affected and depends on the age of examinees. The changes are more expressed among residents of Almaty region. The average MMSE score in Almaty was 28.2 (age group of 45-49 years) and 25.8 (age group of 80 and above), and 27.3 and 24.0 respectively  in Almaty region. The various symptoms among residents of Almaty tend to stabilize after 65 years, however, the frequency of ataxia continues to grow and increases significantly after 75 years.Conclusions. Considering that important risk factors of neurological disorders are cerebrovascular diseases of various origins (primarily hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes), an adequate treatment of these diseases will increase a healthy lifespan. Furthermore, it is necessary to conduct additional research for possible methods of reducing existing morbidities so that healthy aging can be achieved

Application of Clinical Aging Indicators for the Assessment of Neurological Health via Screening Among Residents of the Almaty Region

Introduction. Life expectancy at birth is considered to be a primary indicator of public health success. However, an increase in life expectancy is meaningless if it is not accompanied by an equivalent increase in the number of life years without disability such as physical, cognitive, and psychological abilities. The main consequences of disease leading to neurological dysfunction are directly related to issues such as the inability to walk, talk, learn, live in society, or take care of oneself. The objective of the study was to conduct a medical examination of elderly people as a part of the scientific program "Development of a model (program) of anti-aging to provide active longevity of elderly people of Kazakhstan.” Methods. As part of a pilot study, we assessed the presence of the following clinical indicators of aging: cognitive impairment (MMSE test), pyramidal symptoms,and  ataxia. We conducted medical examination (screening) among 150 elderly persons in Almaty City Polyclinic #8 and 287 elderly persons in Central Regional Clinic of Rayimbek Area, Almaty region aged 45 and above. Results. The results show that the intensity of changes is directly dependent on the age of the study groups. The cognitive function is the most affected and depends on the age of examinees. The changes are more expressed among residents of Almaty region. The average MMSE score in Almaty was 28.2 (age group of 45-49 years) and 25.8 (age group of 80 and above), and 27.3 and 24.0 respectively  in Almaty region. The various symptoms among residents of Almaty tend to stabilize after 65 years, however, the frequency of ataxia continues to grow and increases significantly after 75 years. Conclusions. Considering that important risk factors of neurological disorders are cerebrovascular diseases of various origins (primarily hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes), an adequate treatment of these diseases will increase a healthy lifespan. Furthermore, it is necessary to conduct additional research for possible methods of reducing existing morbidities so that healthy aging can be achieved

Electrodifusion of Manganese Atoms in Silicon

The paper describes the research and study of the process of electrically induced diffusion of Mn atoms in silicon directly from a Si surface layer that was preliminarily enriched with Mn. To ensure the so-called electrically induced diffusion process, a constant electric field was applied to the investigated samples. It has been revealed that as a result of the diffusion of Mn impurity atoms into samples placed at the negative pole of the electrical diffusion unit, the proportion of Mn atoms was 75.4% (relative to silicon atoms), while in samples placed at the positive pole this indicator tended to be 2.7% (relative to silicon atoms). Besides that, for the first time, an experimental increase in the electro-active concentration of Mn impurity atoms in silicon (at T = 900°C) was detected under the influence of an external constant-value electric field. In this case, the maximum solubility of impurity atoms of Mn at a temperature of T = 900°C was NMn~2.27·1014 cm-3, while the average concentration of electro-active Mn atoms diffused into silicon under the influence of an external constant electric field reached NMn*~2.62·1014 cm-3

A Generalization of Chaplygin's Reducibility Theorem

In this paper we study Chaplygin's Reducibility Theorem and extend its applicability to nonholonomic systems with symmetry described by the Hamilton-Poincare-d'Alembert equations in arbitrary degrees of freedom. As special cases we extract the extension of the Theorem to nonholonomic Chaplygin systems with nonabelian symmetry groups as well as Euler-Poincare-Suslov systems in arbitrary degrees of freedom. In the latter case, we also extend the Hamiltonization Theorem to nonholonomic systems which do not possess an invariant measure. Lastly, we extend previous work on conditionally variational systems using the results above. We illustrate the results through various examples of well-known nonholonomic systems.Comment: 27 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Reg. and Chaotic Dy

Larinks kanserlerinde sentinel lenf nodu biyopsisi: 11 boyun diseksıyonunun sonuçları

Management of the N0 neck in laryngeal cancers still remains as a controversial issue. New methods for determining metastatic lymph nodes are being continuously searched. Among these methods sentinel lymph node biopsy has found its place in an increasing manner in the recent years. In our Department between January 2008 and June 2008, eleven neck dissections of ten patients with laryngeal cancer who were clinically N0 but elected for neck dissection underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy for determining possible metastatic lymph nodes. Sentinel lymph nodes were sent for frozen section examination and either a selective or a comprehensive neck dissection was performed for each neck according to the results. After final histopathologic examination of the specimens, the negative predictive value, the positive predictive value, and the accuracy of the sentinel lymph node biopsy and frozen section accuracy were 87.5%, 100%, 91% and 100% respectively. Even though the negative predictive value of sentinel lymph node biopsy in our study was not sufficiently high we think that more satisfactory results may be obtained as the number of patients increases and sentinel lymph node biopsy may be a useful adjunctive method in the management of laryngeal cancer.Klinik N larinks kanserlerinde boyuna yaklasım halen kesin fikir birligi saglanmamıs bir konudur. Bu nedenle klinik N olgularında kuskulu lenf nodlarının saptanması için sürekli yeni yöntemler arastırılmaktadır. Bu yöntemler içerisinde sentinel lenf nodu biyopsisi son yıllarda giderek artan bir sekilde kendine yer bulmaktadır. Anabilim Dalımızda Ocak 2008 - Haziran 2008 tarihleri arasında elektif boyun diseksiyonu endikasyonu konan klinik N larinks kanserli 10 olguya yapılan 11 boyun diseksiyonu sırasında metastatik lenf nodlarının tesbiti için sentinel lenf nodu biyopsisi uygulanmıstır. Saptanan lenf nodları frozen kesit yöntemiyle incelenmis, sonuca göre boyun diseksiyonu selektif ya da kapsamlı olacak sekilde genisletilerek tamamlanmıstır. Sonuçların degerlendirilmesiyle sentinel lenf nodu biyopsisinin negatif prediktif degeri %87.5, pozitif prediktif degeri %100, toplam dogruluk oranı %91, frozen çalısma dogrulugu %100 olarak bulunmustur. Bu çalısmada yöntemin negatif prediktif degeri yeterince yüksek olmamasına ragmen olgu sayısının artmasıyla daha dogru sonuçlar elde edilebilecegi, larinks kanserlerinin tedavisinin planlanmasında sentinel lenf nodu biyopsisinin yararlı bir yardımcı yöntem oldugu kanısına varılmıstır