654 research outputs found
Report of the 2005 Workshop on Ocean Ecodynamics Comparison in the Subarctic Pacific
I. Scientific Issues Posed by OECOS
II. Participant Contributions to the OECOS Workshop
A. ASPECTS OF PHYTOPLANKTON ECOLOGY IN THE SUBARCTIC PACIFIC
Microbial community compositions by Karen E. Selph
Subarctic Pacific lower trophic interactions: Production-based grazing rates and grazing-corrected production rates by Nicholas Welschmeyer
Phytoplankton bloom dynamics and their physiological status in the western subarctic
Pacific by Ken Furuya
Temporal and spatial variability of phytoplankton biomass and productivity in the northwestern Pacific by Sei-ichi Saitoh, Suguru Okamoto, Hiroki Takemura and Kosei Sasaoka
The use of molecular indicators of phytoplankton iron limitation by Deana Erdner
B. IRON CONCENTRATION AND CHEMICAL SPECIATION
Iron measurements during OECOS by Zanna Chase and Jay Cullen 25 The measurement of iron, nutrients and other chemical components in the northwestern North Pacific Ocean by Kenshi Kuma
The measurement of iron, nutrients and other chemical components in the northwestern North Pacific Ocean by Kenshi Kuma
C. PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY, FINE-SCALE DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS AND AUTONOMOUS DRIFTERS
The use of drifters in Lagrangian experiments: Positives, negatives and what can really be measured by Peter Strutton
The interaction between plankton distribution patterns and vertical and horizontal physical processes in the eastern subarctic North Pacific by Timothy J. Cowles
D. MICROZOOPLANKTON
Microzooplankton processes in oceanic waters of the eastern subarctic Pacific:
Project OECOS by Suzanne Strom
Functional role of microzooplankton in the pelagic marine ecosystem during phytoplankton blooms in the western subarctic Pacific by Takashi Ota and Akiyoshi Shinada
E. MESOZOOPLANKTON
Vertical zonation of mesozooplankton, and its variability in response to food availability, density stratification, and turbulence by David L. Mackas and Moira Galbraith
Marine ecosystem characteristics and seasonal abundance of dominant calanoid copepods
in the Oyashio region by Atsushi Yamaguchi, Tsutomu Ikeda and Naonobu Shiga
OECOS: Proposed mesozooplankton research in the Oyashio region, western subarctic
Pacific by Tsutomu Ikeda
Some background on Neocalanus feeding by Michael Dagg
Size and growth of interzonally migrating copepods by Charles B. Miller
Growth of large interzonal migrating copepods by Toru Kobari
F. MODELING
Ecosystem and population dynamics modeling by Harold P. Batchelder
III. Reports from Workshop Breakout Groups
A. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL ASPECTS WITH EMPHASIS ON IRON AND IRON SPECIATION
B. PHYTOPLANKTON/MICROZOOPLANKTON STUDIES
C. MESOZOOPLANKTON STUDIES
IV. Issues arising during the workshop
A. PHYTOPLANKTON STOCK VARIATIONS IN HNLC SYSTEMS AND TROPHIC CASCADES IN THE NANO AND MICRO REGIMES
B. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EAST AND WEST IN SITE SELECTION FOR OECOS TIME SERIES
C. TIMING OF OECOS EXPEDITIONS
D. CHARACTERIZATION OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
V. Concluding Remarks
VI. References
(109 page document
Consistency of higher derivative couplings to matter fields in scalar-tensor gravity
Recently, a generalization of invertible disformal transformations containing
higher-order derivatives of a scalar field has been proposed in the context of
scalar-tensor theories of gravity. By applying this generalized disformal
transformation to the Horndeski theory, one can obtain the so-called
generalized disformal Horndeski theories which are more general healthy
scalar-tensor theories than ever. However, it is unclear whether or not the
generalized disformal Horndeski theories can be coupled consistently to matter
fields because introducing a matter field could break the degeneracy conditions
of higher-order scalar-tensor theories and hence yield the unwanted
Ostrogradsky ghost. We investigate this issue and explore the conditions under
which a minimal coupling to a matter field is consistent in the generalized
disformal Horndeski theories without relying on any particular gauge such as
the unitary gauge. We find that all the higher derivative terms in the
generalized disformal transformation are prohibited to avoid the appearance of
the Ostrogradsky ghost, leading to the conclusion that only the theories that
are related to the Horndeski theory through a conventional disformal
transformation remain ghost-free in the presence of minimally coupled matter
fields.Comment: 11pages, no figur
TRPM4 Channels Mediate Hypertonicity-induced, Ca2+-impermeable, Non-selective Cation Currents in a Cervical Cancer Cell Line, HeLa Cells
Article信州医学雑誌 62(1):33-44(2014)journal articl
Obstructions of Portal Veins and Tumor Numbers Are Associated with Humped Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Tumor protrusion in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the risk signs of tumor rupture. Despite curative tumor treatments, HCC recurrences sometimes occur with rapidly growing humped or ruptured HCC in small sized tumors. The aim of this study was to clarify the characteristics of humped HCC clinically and radiologically associated with tumor progression, liver damage, and treatment. The subjects were 179 consecutive HCC patients who underwent angiographic examination. Dynamic studies, using helical computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were assessed, and the HCC area were measured. The tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage differed significantly between the humped and non-humped HCC groups. Humped HCC was more frequently observed in the right lobe (29.3% of right-lobe HCCs) than in the left (10.1%;p=0.003). Analysis of recurrent HCC revealed that patients with multiple treatments of >4 sessions had more humped HCC (33.8%) than those with 1-3 sessions (16.7%;p=0.042). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that tumor invasion in the portal vein, rather than large tumor size, was significantly associated with tumor protrusion. HCC recurrence with humped HCC occurs often in patients with multiple treatments. Tumor factors of the TNM classification, especially tumor invasion in the portal vein, might be associated with the mechanisms of tumor protrusion
Rhabdomyolysis with Multiple Electrolyte Imbalances under Proton Pump Inhibitor Treatment after Total Thyroidectomy
A 90-year-old man presented with muscle weakness, difficulty concentrating, and dysphagia. About eighteen months prior to presentation, lansoprazole had been initiated to prevent stress ulcers; he also had a history of total thyroidectomy due to papillary thyroid cancer ten years prior. Laboratory findings were as follows: K 2.4 mEq/L, Ca 3.7 mg/dL, Mg 1.3 mg/dL, CK 5386 U/L, and intact PTH (iPTH) 14 pg/mL. Rhabdomyolysis with multiple electrolyte imbalances under proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment was diagnosed. We initiated intravenous hydration and electrolyte supplementation with discontinuation of PPI. After discontinuing PPI, the patient’s serum magnesium, potassium, and calcium levels normalised with oral vitamin D and calcium supplementation. PPIs can cause hypocalcaemia and hypokalaemia via hypomagnesemia; hypocalcaemia is also a common postoperative complication of thyroidectomy. Careful monitoring of electrolyte levels is required in patients with long-term PPI treatment, especially in post-thyroidectomy cases
Antiviral and Virucidal Activities of Nα-Cocoyl-L-Arginine Ethyl Ester
Various amino acid-derived compounds, for example, Nα-Cocoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester (CAE), alkyloxyhydroxylpropylarginine, arginine cocoate, and cocoyl glycine potassium salt (Amilite), were examined for their virucidal activities against herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), influenza A virus (IAV), and poliovirus type 1 (PV-1) in comparison to benzalkonium chloride (BKC) and sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) as a cationic and anionic control detergent and also to other commercially available disinfectants. While these amino acid-derived compounds were all effective against HSV-1 and HSV-2, CAE and Amilite were the most effective. These two compounds were, however, not as effective against IAV, another enveloped virus, as against HSV. Cytotoxicity of CAE was weak; at 0.012%, only 5% of the cells were killed under the conditions, in which 100% cells were killed by either SDS or BKC. In addition to these direct virucidal effects, CAE inhibited the virus growth in the HSV-1- or PV-1-infected cells even at 0.01%. These results suggest a potential application of CAE as a therapeutic or preventive medicine against HSV superficial infection at body surface
Hepatic inflammation facilitates transcription-associated mutagenesis via AID activity and enhances liver tumorigenesis.
First published online: May 12, 2015Chronic inflammation triggers the aberrant expression of a DNA mutator enzyme, activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), and contributes to tumorigenesis through the accumulation of genetic aberrations. To gain further insight into the inflammation-mediated genotoxic events required for carcinogenesis, we examined the role of chronic inflammation in the emergence of genetic aberrations in the liver with constitutive AID expression. Treatment with thioacetamide (TAA) at low-dose concentrations caused minimal hepatic inflammation in both wild-type (WT) and AID transgenic (Tg) mice. None of the WT mice with low-dose TAA administration or AID Tg mice without hepatic inflammation developed cancers in their liver tissues over the 6 month study period. In contrast, all the AID Tg mice with TAA treatment developed multiple macroscopic hepatocellular carcinomas during the same observation period. Whole exome sequencing and additional deep-sequencing analyses revealed the enhanced accumulation of somatic mutations in various genes, including dual specificity phosphatase 6 (Dusp6), early growth response 1 (Egr1) and inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2), which are putative tumor suppressors, in AID-expressing liver with TAA-mediated hepatic inflammation. Microarray and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses showed the transcriptional upregulation of various genes including Dusp6, Egr1 and Id2 under hepatic inflammatory conditions. Together, these findings suggest that inflammation-mediated transcriptional upregulation of target genes, including putative tumor suppressor genes, enhances the opportunity for inflamed cells to acquire somatic mutations and contributes to the acceleration of tumorigenesis in the inflamed liver tissues
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