Influence of fertilization on Miscanthus x giganteus (Greef et Deu) yield and biomass traits in three experiments in Serbia

Miscanthus x giganteus (Greef et Deu) is an agro-energy crop of the second generation cultivated in purpose to obtain annually renewable bio-fuel produced from the aboveground biomass. Cultivation is preferred on marginal lands to avoid occupation of arable lands. Influence of fertilization and soil type Gleysol, Planosol and Technosol (open pit coal mine overburden) on yield and biomass traits of miscanthus were investigated during five years' field experiment. Among biometric characteristics: stem height, length and width of leaves, the number of leaves (dry and green) per stem and number of stems per rhizome, only the last one has a strong positive correlation with yield. Fertilization increased yield during fourth and fifth year of development on Gleysol and Technosol. The highest yield on Gleysol was 23.12 t/ha in 2014, on Planosol 10.16 t/ha, and 4.77 t/ha in 2015 on Technosol. The yield of miscanthus, beside fertilization, depends on weather conditions and weeds. Cultivation of miscanthus is possible on marginal soils with minimum application of agricultural measures only in the year of establishment. Gleysol is a type of soil that can be recommended for miscanthus cultivation

Production of Agri-Energy Crop Miscanthus gigantheus on Land Degraded by Power Industry: SWOT Analysis

The hypothesis that land degraded by activities in the Kolubara Mining Basin may be restored by production of agri-energy crop Miscanthus gigantheus in ecologically and economically sustainable manner was investigated. The characteristics of the arable soil in the zone of influence of the thermal power plant Kolubara A, the overburden from the mine Kolubara and the ash from Kolubara A indicate limited fertility due to low contents of N and organic C, also contain heavy metals in concentrations between maximal allowable and remediation values (Ni, Cu, Zn), are slightly to moderately contaminated. Contents of heavy metals in aboveground biomass of miscanthus is low, making it suitable for use as biofuel. On the opposite side, in whole plants there are significant contents of Cr, Zn and Ni, mainly in underground organs, indicating phytostabilization potential. Main strength: the use of marginal land for the production of bioenergetic crops. Weaknesses: low yield. Opportunity: use of large marginal land areas with a simultaneous reduced risk of heavy metal transfer to the environment, improving yields with the use of more intensive agri-technical measures. Threats: the poorly developed biomass market as well as the lack of interest by land owners for its remediation

Agroekološki uslovi i morfološko-produktivna svojstva krupnika

Experiments were conducted during 2011-2012, at three localities in Serbia (Valjevo, Nova Varoš and Nova Pazova). The seed of spelt wheat cultivar Nirvana was used, having been selected at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. The objective of the research was to assess the effect of agro-ecological conditions on morphological and productive properties of spelt wheat grown on different types of soils. The effect of the locality was significantly expressed in all tested morphological properties of spelt wheat (plant height, number of spikelets, number of grains per spikelet), while meteorological conditions (year) affected spike length and grain mass per spike significantly. The average grain yield from all three localities was 3.20 t ha-1. A considerably higher yield was achieved on chernozem, locality Nova Pazova (3.89 t ha-1). The comparison of the grain yields from Valjevo (eutric cambisol) and Nova Varoš (grey forest soil) did not show any significant differences.Ispitivanja su sprovedena tokom 2011-2012 godine, na tri lokaliteta u Srbiji (Valjevo, Nova Varoš i Nova Pazova). Korišćeno je seme krupnika sorte Nirvana, selekcionisana u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se oceni uticaj agroekoloških uslova na morfološke i produktivne osobine pod različitim tipovima plodnosti zemljišta. Uticaj lokaliteta značajno se ispoljio kod svih ispitivanih morfoloških osobina krupnika (visina biljke, broj klasića, broj zrna u klasiću), a meteorološki uslovi (godina) su značajno uticali na dužinu klasa i masu zrna u klasu. Prosečan prinos zrna krupnika na sva tri lokaliteta iznosio je 3,20 t ha-1. Značajno veći prinos ostvaren je na černozemu, lokalitet Nova Pazova (3,89 t ha-1). Poređenjem prinosa zrna na lokalitetima Valjevo (gajnjača) i Nova Varoš (sivo šumsko zemljište) nisu utvrđene značajne razlike

Uticaj međurednog rastojanja i sorte na produktivnost soje

Influence of inter-row spacing on a productivity of soybean yield was studied on the experimental field on low carbonate chernozem soil. The greatest grain weight per plant (13.22 g) was achieved at the smallest row spacing. It decreased at higher row spacing, except for cultivar Balkan, where value of these parameters was the highest (13.09 g). The highest grain yield (4,868 kg ha-1) was determined at the 20 cm inter-row width. It decreased equally at bigger row spacing for 7.0-12.9%. The highest grain yield was achieved with Balkan cultivar (4,773 kg ha-1), and the lowest with Dragana cultivar (4,284 kg ha-1).Istraživanja uticaja međurednog rastojanja i sorte na produktivnost soje obavljena su na oglednom polju Instituta za kukuruz u Zemun Polju. Najveća masa zrna po biljci (13,22 g) zabeležena je pri najmanjem međurednom rastojanju. Ravnomerno se smanjivala sa povećanjem međurednog rastojanja, izuzev sorte Balkan. Kod ove sorte ujedno je zabeležena i najveća vrednost ovog parametra, 13,09 g. Uskorednom setvom ostvaren je i najveći prinos zrna soje (4.868 kg/ha). Sa povećanjem rastojanja između redova skoro ravnomerno se smanjivao za 7,0 do 12,9%. Najveći prinos dala je sorta Balkan (4.773 kg/ha), a najmanji sorta Dragana (4.284 kg/ha)

Prinos biomase i parametri kvaliteta suve materije odabranih populacija engleskog ljulja

Ispitivanja komponenti prinosa genetički divergentnih populacija engleskog ljulja obavljena su na oglednom polju i u laboratorijama Poljoprivrednog instituta Republike Srpske u Banja Luci, tokom 2006., 2007. i 2008. godine. Korišćeni materijali su potomstva autohtonih populacija engleskog ljulja, koje su sakupljene na širem području Republike Srpske, odnosno Bosne i Hercegovine. Nakon multiplikacije sjemena odabranih populacija, 2006. godine zasnovan je mikroogled. Za ova istraživanja korišćeno je 7 populacija engleskog ljulja, i to: Banjaluka, Kosjerovo, Laminci, Kobatovci, Kobaš, Delibašino selo i Sarajevo. Tokom trogodišnjih istraživanja analizirana su slijedeća svojstva: a) prinos zelene biomase; b) prinos suve materije; c) hemijski sastav suve materije u prvom otkosu; d) prinos sirovih proteina.Na osnovu trogodišnjih ispitivanja prinosa zelene biomase i suve materije, po visini i stabilnosti prinosa, ističe se populacije Banjaluka. Populacija Delibašino selo je u prvom otkosu suve materije imala najviši prosječan sadržaj sirovih proteina i najniži sadržaj sirove celuloze. Najviši prosječan prinos sirovih proteina tokom ovih ispitivanja ostvaren je sa populaciom Sarajevo

Productivity traits of rye (secale cereale), khorasan wheat (triticum turgidum, ssp taranicum mckey) and quinoa (chenopodium quinoa willd) grown on degraded soil

The productivity traits of rye, khorasan wheat and quinoa on degraded soil were investigated in a three-year research (2010-2012). The research was carried out in two localities: Stanari (ST) (Bosnia-Herzegovina) and at "TENT 2" in Obrenovac (OB) (Serbia). A significant interdependence between grain yield and aboveground biomass yield was observed in the investigated genotypes and localities. The resulting average grain yields in these localities ranged between 1,166-1,702 kg ha-1 (rye), 1,826-1,943 kg ha-1 (khorasan wheat) and 520-966 kg ha-1 (quinoa). Fluctuations in grain yields were due to different soil conditions different nutrient contents and the distribution of precipitation at initial stages of crop development. This research confirmed that rye is a crop with minimum soil requirements and it can be successfully grown in poor soil. The second best biomass yield was obtained by khorasan wheat, while the lowest biomass yield was obtained by quinoa

Khorasan wheat population researching (triticum turgidum, ssp turanicum (mckey) in the minimum tillage conditions

Khorasan wheat occupies a special place in the group of new-old cereals (Triticum turgidum, ssp. Turanicum McKey). It is an ancient species, native to eastern Persia, that is very close to durum wheat by morphological characteristics. Investigations were carried out in agro ecological conditions of the eastern Srem, with two wheat populations with dark and bright awns as objects of study. The following morphological and productive characteristics were investigated: plant height (PH), spike length (SH), number of spikelets per spike (NSS), absolute weight (AW) and grain weight per spike (GW), seed germination (G) and grains yield (YG). Field micro-experiments were set on the carbonate chernozem soil type on loess plateau in 2011 and 2012. Hand wheat sowing was conducted in early March with drill row spacing of 12 cm. The experiment was established as complete randomized block system with four replications. Tending crops measures were not applied during the growing season. Plants were grown without usage of NPK mineral nutrients. Chemical crop protection measures were not applied, although powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis) was appeared before plants spike formation in a small extent. The results showed that both populations have a genetic yield potential. In general, both populations manifested a satisfactory tolerance on lodging and there was no seed dispersal. Plants from bright awns population were higher, had longer spikes and larger number of spikelet's per spike. However, plants from dark awns population had higher absolute weight and grains weight per spike, as well as grain yield per plant. Strong correlation connections were identified among the investigated characteristics. The determination of correlations, as well as direct and indirect affects, enabled easier understanding of the mutual relationships and their balancing in order to improve the yield per unit area

Uticaj agroekoloških činilaca na produkciju biomase miskantusa (Miscanthus giganteus)

The impact of the soil water content and the mineral fertiliser application on the biomass development of a perennial highly productive grass Miscanthus giganteus was investigated in the experimental field at the location Kozjak, municipality of Loznica. Miscanthus gigantheus is characterised by the nutrient recycle, especially nitrogen, during the vegetative development making the plant environmentally friendly crop. At view point of a bio-rationale soil use, it is very important that crops for the biomass production for renewable bio-fuel grow on soils that are unsuitable for the food production. The omission of watering of such crops decreases pressure to the environment. The soil structure of the experimental field was degraded. The biomass production: number (7-54) and height (32-200 cm) of stems and dry aboveground weight (42-200 g) per a rhizome were registered by a monthly measurement during two initial vegetative periods. The impact of the soil water content was much stronger than the impact of the fertiliser (N:P:K=15:15:15, 50 kg/ha) application. The number of stems per one rhizome was a most suitable parameter for an early determination of the biomass production. Obtained results are in accordance with literature data for long-term investigations in Europe and USA and suggest that the production of miscanthus biomass in the Republic of Serbia is possible at the level of about 10-20 t/DM/year depending on agro-ecological conditions. .Ispitivan je uticaj vlažnosti zemljišta i ishrane mineralnim NPK hranivima na razvoj biomase višegodišnje visokoproduktivne trave Miscanthus giganteus u uslovima poljskog ogleda na lokaciji Kozjak, opština Loznica. Produkcija biomase (broj preživelih rizoma, broj izdanaka po jednom rizomu, visina useva i suva masa izdanka) određivana je jednom mesečno u toku prva dva vegetaciona perioda. Vlažnost zemljišta ima znatno jači uticaj na prinos u odnosu na ishranu (N:P:K=15:15:15, 50 kg/ha), a najpouzdanije svojstvo biomase u prvoj godini rastenja je broj izdanaka iz jednog rizoma.

Genotipske specifičnosti krmnog sirka, sudanske trave i interspecijes hibrida u uslovima intenzivne ishrane azotom

The subject of this study is a three-year study (carried out during 2007, 2008 and 2009) of the morphological characteristics variability in three genotypes NS-Džin (Forage Sorghum), Zora (Sudan grass) and Siloking (interspecies hybrid) depending on the amount of nitrogen used for plant nutrition. For the height and mass analysis of fresh stems and leaves as well as leaf mass and leaf portion in the total biomass, samples were taken from the first swath when the effect of the used nitrogen amounts was the greatest. The results have shown that there are significant variations in the tested properties between the genotypes. The Siloking genotype had the highest total biomass during all three years. The largest leaf mass was found in the NS-Džin genotype, while the Zora genotype had the highest leaf portion in the three-year average. The effect of nitrogen use depended on the weather conditions, as well as the layout of the rainfall, so that the optimal quantity was 105 kg ha-1 during the first and the second year, and 150 kg ha -1 during the third year.Predmet ove studije su trogodišnja istraživanja (2007, 2008. i 2009) varijabilnosti morfoloških osobina tri genotipa NS-Džin (krmni sirak), Zora (sudanska trava) i Siloking (interspecijes hibrid) u zavisnosti od upotrebljenih količina azota za dopunsku ishranu biljaka. Za analize visine i mase svežih stabala, mase listova i udela listova u ukupnoj biomasi uzimani su uzorci iz prvog otkosa kada je i efekat upotrebljenih količina azota bio najveći. Rezultati su pokazali da između genotipova postoje značajna variranja u ispitivanim osobinama. Genotip Siloking je u sve tri godine dao najveću ukupnu biomasu. Najveća masa listova bila je u genotipa NS Džin, dok je u genotipa Zora udeo lisne mase bio najveći u trogodišnjem proseku. Efekat upotrebljenog azota zavisio je od vremenskih uslova, odnosno od rasporeda padavina, tako da su u prvoj i drugoj godini optimalne količine bile 105 kg ha-1, a trećoj 150 kg ha -1

Uticaj đubrenja azotom na značajnija agronomska svojstva soje

The influence of different amounts of nitrogen (30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1) on important soybean yield components (number of fertile nodes, number of pods per plant and weight of 1.000 grains), was examined in this paper. Experiment was carried out at two different localities (Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje and the village Kloka-lower Jasenica) in 2009. Experiments were carried out through field plot trials, using split-plot in 4 replications. The results show that, on average, for both soil types, number of pods per plant and weight of 1000 grains increased using nitrogen dose of 60 kg ha-1 for 5.2 and 3.8% and the number of fertile nodes to the variant of fertilization with 30 kg ha-1 of nitrogen for 3.8%. The amount of 90 kg ha-1 N gave lower values of the number of pods per plant compared to the control.U radu je ispitivan uticaj različitih količina azota (30; 60 i 90 kg ha-1) na neke značajnije komponente prinosa soje (broj etaža mahuna po biljci, broj mahuna po biljci i masa 1.000 zrna). Istraživanja su obavljena na dva različita lokaliteta, Institut za kukuruz u Zemun Polju i selo Kloka-donja Jasenica u 2009. godini. Eksperimenti su izvedeni putem poljskih mikroogleda, metodom razdvojenih parcela (split-plot) u 3 ponavljanja. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da su se, u proseku za oba tipa zemljišta, broj mahuna po biljci i masa 1.000 zrna povećavali upotrebom azota do 60 kg ha-1 za 5,2 odnosno 3,8%, a broj etaža mahuna po biljci do varijante đubrenja sa 30 kg ha-1 za 3,8%. Varijanta đubrenja sa 90 kg ha-1 dala je niže vrednosti broja mahuna po biljci u odnosu na kontrolnu varijantu