小中学校における多職種連携および多職種による援助チームの研究の動向と課題

The purpose of the present research was to review the previous research on the multidisciplinary team support and the student support team in domestic and foreign schools, focusing on how schools solve the individual student\u27s problem from the perspective of case management. As a result of the literature review, researches related to multidisciplinary collaboration were hardly seen in the school field. Research on student support teams are increasing in recent years, and those researches are divided in two types; research on individual support teams and research on coordination committees. From the perspective of case management, there was no report on cases where school counselors and school social workers were working together, and there was no description on effective multidisciplinary cooperation method. Regarding researches done outside of Japan, there were not many researches with keywords of multidisciplinary collaboration and team support. It is suggested that future studies on multidisciplinary collaboration including school counselors and school social workers will be necessary in Japan

The significance of electrical signals in maturing spermatozoa for phosphoinositide regulation through voltage-sensing phosphatase

Kawai T., Morioka S., Miyata H., et al. The significance of electrical signals in maturing spermatozoa for phosphoinositide regulation through voltage-sensing phosphatase. Nature Communications 15, 7289 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-51755-2.Voltage-sensing phosphatase (VSP) exhibits voltage-dependent phosphatase activity toward phosphoinositides. VSP generates a specialized phosphoinositide environment in mammalian sperm flagellum. However, the voltage-sensing mechanism of VSP in spermatozoa is not yet characterized. Here, we found that VSP is activated during sperm maturation, indicating that electric signals in immature spermatozoa are essential. Using a heterologous expression system, we show the voltage-sensing property of mouse VSP (mVSP). The voltage-sensing threshold of mVSP is approximately −30 mV, which is sensitive enough to activate mVSP in immature spermatozoa. We also report several knock-in mice in which we manipulate the voltage-sensitivity or electrochemical coupling of mVSP. Notably, the V312R mutant, with a minor voltage-sensitivity change, exhibits abnormal sperm motility after, but not before, capacitation. Additionally, the V312R mutant shows a significant change in the acyl-chain profile of phosphoinositide. Our findings suggest that electrical signals during sperm maturation are crucial for establishing the optimal phosphoinositide environment in spermatozoa

Presence of genes for type III secretion system 2 in Vibrio mimicus strains

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Vibrios, which include more than 100 species, are ubiquitous in marine and estuarine environments, and several of them e.g. <it>Vibrio cholerae</it>, <it>V. parahaemolyticus</it>, <it>V. vulnificus </it>and <it>V. mimicus</it>, are pathogens for humans. Pathogenic <it>V. parahaemolyticus </it>strains possess two sets of genes for type III secretion system (T3SS), T3SS1 and T3SS2. The latter are critical for virulence of the organism and be classified into two distinct phylogroups, T3SS2α and T3SS2β, which are reportedly also found in pathogenic <it>V. cholerae </it>non-O1/non-O139 serogroup strains. However, whether T3SS2-related genes are present in other <it>Vibrio </it>species remains unclear.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We therefore examined the distribution of the genes for T3SS2 in vibrios other than <it>V. parahaemolyticus </it>by using a PCR assay targeting both T3SS2α and T3SS2β genes. Among the 32 <it>Vibrio </it>species tested in our study, several T3SS2-related genes were detected in three species, <it>V. cholerae</it>, <it>V. mimicus </it>and <it>V. hollisae</it>, and most of the essential genes for type III secretion were present in T3SS2-positive <it>V. cholerae </it>and <it>V. mimicus </it>strains. Moreover, both <it>V. mimicus </it>strains possessing T3SS2α and T3SS2β were identified. The gene organization of the T3SS2 gene clusters in <it>V. mimicus </it>strains was fundamentally similar to that of <it>V. parahaemolyticus </it>and <it>V. cholerae </it>in both T3SS2α- and T3SS2β-possessing strains.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study is the first reported evidence of the presence of T3SS2 gene clusters in <it>V. mimicus </it>strains. This finding thus provides a new insight into the pathogenicity of the <it>V. mimicus </it>species.</p

高校生における異文化体験と国際的資質の関連 : 海外研修旅行の効果

本研究の目的は， 日本の高校生を対象に，国際的資質が海外研修旅行における異文化体験へ与える影響を検討することであった。3か国のうち1か国を選択して海外研修旅行を経験した高校生158人に対し，国際的資質および異文化体験を測定する賀問紙調査を実施した。その結呆，旅行後の国際的資質が有意に高まったが，その効果量は低かった。また異文化に対する認識の肯定的変化は，旅行の結果高まったほか，旅行前の国際的資質に強く影響受けることが明らかとなった。教育効果の検証における個人要因導入の必要性について考察された。The purpose of this study was lo examine the impact of international disposition on cross-cultural experiences in an oversea school trip among Japanese high school students. 158 high school students who participated in one in three foreign countries\u27 trip answered the questionnaire regarding international disposition and cross-cultural experiences. The results showed that scores of international disposition significantly increased but the effect sizes were moderate. Positively changes of the realization toward other countries also increased and were positively influenced by international disposition before the trip. Application of individual factors to the examination of the teaching effectiveness was discussed

ARTADE2DB: Improved Statistical Inferences for Arabidopsis Gene Functions and Structure Predictions by Dynamic Structure-Based Dynamic Expression (DSDE) Analyses

Recent advances in technologies for observing high-resolution genomic activities, such as whole-genome tiling arrays and high-throughput sequencers, provide detailed information for understanding genome functions. However, the functions of 50% of known Arabidopsis thaliana genes remain unknown or are annotated only on the basis of static analyses such as protein motifs or similarities. In this paper, we describe dynamic structure-based dynamic expression (DSDE) analysis, which sequentially predicts both structural and functional features of transcripts. We show that DSDE analysis inferred gene functions 12% more precisely than static structure-based dynamic expression (SSDE) analysis or conventional co-expression analysis based on previously determined gene structures of A. thaliana. This result suggests that more precise structural information than the fixed conventional annotated structures is crucial for co-expression analysis in systems biology of transcriptional regulation and dynamics. Our DSDE method, ARabidopsis Tiling-Array-based Detection of Exons version 2 and over-representation analysis (ARTADE2-ORA), precisely predicts each gene structure by combining two statistical analyses: a probe-wise co-expression analysis of multiple transcriptome measurements and a Markov model analysis of genome sequences. ARTADE2-ORA successfully identified the true functions of about 90% of functionally annotated genes, inferred the functions of 98% of functionally unknown genes and predicted 1,489 new gene structures and functions. We developed a database ARTADE2DB that integrates not only the information predicted by ARTADE2-ORA but also annotations and other functional information, such as phenotypes and literature citations, and is expected to contribute to the study of the functional genomics of A. thaliana. URL: http://artade.org