Pembangunan Melalui Sektor Pertambangan Di Indonesia: Sebuah Tinjauan Etis

Development is the most important things in building a nation. Building a nation means giving the people of country, prosperity. From long time ago, the development that applied by many countries was known as Conventional Development. That is the development by using all resources which the state owned, to get more benefit from great exploitation, especially from the natural resources. For country with huge natural resouces like Indonesia, economic fulfillment by mineral eksploration is the fastest way to reach funding for development needs. Year by year eksploration faces Indonesian to an ecological problem nowaday. Several matters then need to be posed: what is actually the development method that enhanced by the government to fulfil the cost of development; why the mining sector was chosen as the way to accelerate the development; who become the winners and which people that lost in this paradigm? By the time, some countries finally face the largest problem from it, the sustainability, that is, it becomes important theme discussed everywhere, because it contains the governments' responsibilities for the future generation

Impact of Arrivals on Departure Taxi Operations at Airports

Aircraft taxi operations are a major source of fuel burn and emissions on the ground. Given rising fuel prices and growing concerns about the contributions of aviation to air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, recent research aims to develop strategies to reduce fuel burn at airports. In order to develop such strategies, an understanding of taxi operations and the factors that affect taxi-out times is required. This paper describes an analysis of taxi-out times at two major U.S. airports in order to identify the primary causal factors affecting the duration of taxi-out operations. Through an analysis of departures out of John F. Kennedy International Airport and Boston Logan International Airport, several variables affecting taxi-out times were identified, including primarily the number of arrivals and number of departures during the taxi-out operation of an aircraft. Previous literature suggests that the number of arrivals on the surface has limited influence on taxi-out times; however, this analysis demonstrates that the number of arrivals is in fact significantly correlated with taxi-out times. Furthermore, we find that arrivals have a greater impact on taxi-out times under runway configurations where there is increased interaction between arrivals and departures

The Composition of Spesies and Changes in Reef Fishes Community at Ecoreef Rehabilitation Site, Manado Tua Island, Bunaken National Park

The study conducted from 2006 to 2012 with an interval of every two years in the ecoreef area of ​​ Manado Tua island found 2,936 individual reef fishes of 181 species that include into 32 families. Species composition value of the 10 dominant species of reef fishes was 55.48% of the total species. The highest number of species was Plotosus lineatus with schooling behavior which only discovered in 2010 at a depth of 3 meters. Ecoreef area of Manado Tua island, when analyzed from the abundance and biomass of reef fishes exhibited a succession of reef fish that have been stable, with peak abundance and higher biomass in 2008 and 2010. Reef fish found in ecoreef seemed to start a new living and become a new habitat for them. These were indicated by the highest biomass during the previous year but the number of individuals and spesies were decline. There was no change in the structure of reef fish communities in the ecoreef area of Manado Tua Island, which characterized by non significant different ecological index between the years. Cluster analyses grouped reef fish species into 2 groups i.e., the group of 2006 and the group of 2008, 2010, and 2012. Early survey in 2006 showed lower abundance of reef fish species for allegedly associated with low ecoreef organisms

Pemberdayaan Perempuan Perdesaan dalam Pembangunan (Studi Kasus Perempuan di Desa Samboja Kuala, Kecamatan Samboja, Kabupaten Kutai Kertanegara)

Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah belum diikutsertakannya perempuan perdesaan di dalam berbagai aspek pembangunan, sehingga mereka perlu diberdayakan agar dapat berfungsi sebagai subyek maupun obyek di dalam pembangunan, baik sebagai perencana, pengambil keputusan, pelaksana, maupun masyarakat dan menikmati hasil pembangunan secara merata. Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendiskripsikan, menganalisis dan menginterpretasikan aspek-aspek yang berhubungan dengan: (1) Latar belakang kehidupan sosial perempuan di desa Samboja Kuala, (2) Upaya yang dilakukan perempuan di desa Samboja Kuala dalam memenuhi kebutuhannya, (3) Upaya yang dilakukan untuk memberdayakan perempuan di Desa Samboja Kuala. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan bentuk studi kasus, pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik wawancara mendalam, dokumentasi dan observasi, yaitu model interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa latar belakang perempuan di Desa Samboja Kuala Kecamatan Samboja Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara sebagian besar memiliki pendidikan yang rendah, pernikahan diusia muda menyababkan mereka tidak mampu bertahan dan akhirnya bercerai, sehingga secara sosial dan ekonomi tidak dapat berdaya. Upaya yang dilakukan oleh perempuan di Desa Samboja Kuala dalam memenuhi kebutuhan rumah tangganya adalah mereka berupaya menjadi tenaga buruh seperti pembuat ikan kering, penimbang ikan di TPI, pembuat keranjang tempat ikan dan membuka toko dengan skala kecil. Upaya yang dilakukan dalam rangka memberdayakan perempuan di Desa Samboja Kuala adalah dengan diberikannya keterampilan dan pelatihan, adanya bantuan modal bergulir serta bantuan dalam bentuk peralatan. Secara umum perempuan Desa Samboja Kuala masih perlu diberdayakan mengingat pendidikan mereka yang masih rendah, banyak dari mereka menyandang status janda sehingga mereka hanya mengandalkan tenaga untuk memenuhi kebutuhan rumah tangganya tanpa memiliki keahlian maupun ketrampilan. Sehingga mereka secara umum dapat ikut serta didalam pembangunan baik sebagai subyek dan obyek. Kata Kunci: pemberdayaan, perempuan, pembangunan ABSTRACT The background of this research is that the rural women are not being included on the all aspect of development; therefore they should be empowered to become the subject or object function on the development. They can be empowered on planning, decision making, managing or customer to get the benefit of development The objective of this research is to get a description, analysis and interpretation of all aspect related with: (1) Background of women social life in Samboja Kuala village, (2) Effort from the women of Samboja Kuala village to fulfill their need, (3) Effort to be done to empowering the women of Samboja Kuala village. This research use qualitative methods with case study, data collection has been done with interview technique, documentation and interactive observation. The result of this research show that almost all background of women on Samboja Kuala village Kecamatan Samboja Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara having low level education, early marriage cause them which cant pretend their marriage and force them to divorce, which also cause their social and economy cant be held. The women of Samboja Kuala village have been work as dry fish maker, fish weightier on fish auction place or open little shop as their effort to fulfill their household need. The for which has been done to empowering the women of Samboja Kuala village is present and practice them with skill, give them with capital aid and equipment aid. In general, the women of Samboja Kuala village should be more empowered in remembrance of their low level education, most of them have widow status which only realy on their physical to fulfil their household income without skill and specialization. Therefore they can participate on the development as a subject and object. Keywords: empowerment, woman, developmen

Preliminary Study on the Kinetics and Mechanism of the Oxidation of Naphthol Green B by Dichromate Ion in Aqueous Hydrochloric Acid Medium

- The kinetics of the oxidation of naphthol green B (NGB3-) by Cr2O7 2- has been studied in aqueous hydrochloric acid medium at an ionic strength, I = 0.50 mol dm-3 (NaCl), H+ =1.0 10-4 mol dm-3 (HCl) and T = 25 1C. The redox reaction displayed a stoichiometry of 1:1 and obeys the rate law: -dNGB3-/dt = k2NGB3-]Cr2O7 2- . The second order rate constant increases with increase in acid concentration and in the ionic strength of reaction medium. The rates of reaction displayed a positive salt effect. Addition of acrylonitrile to a partially reacted mixture in the presence of excess methanol did not lead to gel formation. Added cations and anions inhibited the naphthol green B - Cr2O7 2- reaction. Results of the Michaelis – Menten plot gave no evidence of intermediate complex formation during the course of the reaction. Based on the results obtained, the reaction is believed to proceed through the outersphere mechanistic pathway

Comparison of deposition methods of ZnO thin film on flexible substrate

This paper reports the effect of the different deposition methods towards the ZnO nanostructure crystal quality and film thickness on the polyimide substrate. The ZnO film has been deposited by using the spray pyrolysis technique, sol-gel and RF Sputtering. Different methods give a different nanostructure of the ZnO thin film. Sol gel methods, results of nanoflowers ZnO thin film with the thickness of thin film is 600nm. It also produces the best of the piezoelectric effect in term of electrical performance, which is 5.0 V and 12 MHz of frequency which is higher than other frequency obtained by spray pyrolysis and RF sputtering

Assessment of heavy metals in water and fish from Ibrahim Adamu Lake, Jigawa, Nigeria

The study was conducted to assess the levels of heavy metals in water and the flesh of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Water and tilapia were sampled for a period of 12 months from October, 2003-september 2004. Water and muscle tissue were analysed for Cu, Cr, pb, and Zn using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The assessment showed Cr (3.35mg/l), Cu (0.75mg/l), pb (0.81mg/l) in water while Cr(2.27mg/kg) and pb (0.27mg/kg) were found to be high in the tissue samples and were above the values recommended by WHO and the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)of the United Nations and therefore not safe for human consumption

Pendekatan Konstruktif ASEAN – Myanmar : Sorotan Kajian Lepas

: Myanmar (Burma) as a member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) became the centre of regional attention when the United States (US) and the European Union (EU) imposed economic sanctions on the country. Myanmar\u27s membership is said to be hampering image and credibility of ASEAN. In addition, the Rohingya\u27s human rights issue has also affected Myanmar\u27s relations with regional Islamic states. However, ASEAN accepts Myanmar\u27s membership hoping its political system will be more social oriented and more democratic. In this light, this article poses a question. Has ASEAN\u27s constructive approach successfully democratized Myanmar? ASEAN utilizes the constructive approach towards Myanmar rather than isolating it in order to pave way for Myanmar\u27s democratization. This study employs library research and secondary data from other sources. The literature review shows that even though Myanmar\u27s political system is yet to be fully democratized, ASEAN\u27s constructive approach has indeed brought Myanmar closer to be more democratic compared to its more socialist system earlier on. The election and the release of Aung San Suu Kyi, the chairperson of the National League for Democracy (NLD) and main opposition leader in Myanmar in 2010, are the indicators of this progress. It is with the hope that this literature review will contribute to the accumulation of knowledge in the field of democracy research, democratization, and the role of ASEAN in the discipline of International Relations

Patterns and Drivers of Mobile Telephony for Sustainable Livelihood among Rural Farming Households in Kwara State, Nigeria

Recently, it is acknowledged that mobile phones, as an asset, exhibits multiple functionalities and diverse applications that cut across all forms of capital accumulation necessary for sustainable livelihood. However, empirical result is sparse in Nigeria as to the impact of mobile phones on asset accumulation. This study examined the socio-economic determinants of mobile phone use and intensity of use for sustainable capital formation in among farming households in Kwara state, Nigeria. Specifically, 120 rural farming households were randomly sampled and count data on the number of calls made with respect to livelihood capitals generated. Binary Logistic regression and Zero-Inflated negative Binomial regression models were used in analyzing the data. The study revealed that 73% of the respondents have access to mobile phone use. The study identifies major uses of mobile phone for sustainable livelihood enhancement activities. Significant determinants of mobile phone use are; possession of formal education, household size, age, marital status, annual farm income, diversity of crop cultivated and the number of family members living outside the community (p</jats:p