113 research outputs found
Complexity of childhood sexual abuse: predictors of current post-traumatic stress disorder, mood disorders, substance use, and sexual risk behavior among adult men who have sex with men
Men who have sex with men (MSM) are the group most at risk for HIV and represent the majority of new infections in the United States. Rates of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) among MSM have been estimated as high as 46 %. CSA is associated with increased risk of HIV and greater likelihood of HIV sexual risk behavior. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships between CSA complexity indicators and mental health, substance use, sexually transmitted infections, and HIV sexual risk among MSM. MSM with CSA histories (n = 162) who were screened for an HIV prevention efficacy trial completed comprehensive psychosocial assessments. Five indicators of complex CSA experiences were created: CSA by family member, CSA with penetration, CSA with physical injury, CSA with intense fear, and first CSA in adolescence. Adjusted regression models were used to identify relationships between CSA complexity and outcomes. Participants reporting CSA by family member were at 2.6 odds of current alcohol use disorder (OR 2.64: CI 1.24–5.63), two times higher odds of substance use disorder (OR 2.1: CI 1.02–2.36), and 2.7 times higher odds of reporting an STI in the past year (OR 2.7: CI 1.04–7.1). CSA with penetration was associated with increased likelihood of current PTSD (OR 3.17: CI 1.56–6.43), recent HIV sexual risk behavior (OR 2.7: CI 1.16–6.36), and a greater number of casual sexual partners (p = 0.02). Both CSA with Physical Injury (OR 4.05: CI 1.9–8.7) and CSA with Intense Fear (OR 5.16: CI 2.5–10.7) were related to increased odds for current PTSD. First CSA in adolescence was related to increased odds of major depressive disorder. These findings suggest that CSA, with one or more complexities, creates patterns of vulnerabilities for MSM, including post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use, and sexual risk taking, and suggests the need for detailed assessment of CSA and the development of integrated HIV prevention programs that address mental health and substance use comorbidities.This study was supported by a Grant from the NIMH (R01 MH095624) PI: O'Cleirigh; Author time (Safren) was supported, in part, by Grant 5K24MH094214. (R01 MH095624 - NIMH; 5K24MH094214)Accepted manuscrip
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An Exploration of the Health Benefits of Factors That Help Us to Thrive A Special Issue of the International Journal of Behavioral Medicine
First published in 2005. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Volume 12, Number 2, 2005
Contents: M.A. Chesney, L.A. Darbes, K. Hoerster, J.M. Taylor, D.B. Chambers, Positive Emotions: Exploring the Other Hemisphere in Behavioral Medicine. K. Uvnäs-Moberg, I. Arn, D. Magnusson, The Psychobiology of Emotion: The Role of the Oxytocinergic System. S.G. Post, Altrusim, Happiness, and Health: It's Good to Be Good. Á. Skrabski, M. Kopp, S. Rózsa, J. Réthelyi, R.H. Rahe, Life Meaning: An Important Correlate of Health in the Hungarian Population. G. Ironson, E. Balbin, R. Stuetzle, M.A. Fletcher, C. O'Cleirigh, J-P. Laurenceau, N. Schneidermann, G. Solomon, Dispositional Optimism and the Mechanism by Which It Predicts Slower Disease Progression in HIV: Proactive Behavior, Avoidant Coping, and Depression. P. Lindfors, O. Lundberg, U. Lundberg, Sense of Coherence and Biomarkers of Health in 43-Year-Old Women. N.A. Pachana, J.H. Ford, B. Andrew, A.J. Dobson, Relations Between Companion Animals and Self-Reported Health in Older Women: Cause, Effect, or Artefact? A.M. Hayes, C.G. Beevers, G.C. Feldman, J-P. Laurenceau, C. Perlman, Avoidance and Processing as Predictors of Symptom Change and Positive Growth in an Integrative Therapy for Depression
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DEFUNIS RECONSIDERED: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE ADMISSIONS STRATEGIES
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Latent trait theory for organizational research
Latent trait theory is a relatively new development in measurement theory; emphasis in its application has been placed mainly on the measurement of ability, but potential areas of application extend well beyond into measurement of job and organizational characteristics, measurement of bias and adverse impact in equal employment compliance, attitude measurement, and the measurement of performance. The theories and models grouped under latent trait theory are therefore presented, in simple, nonmathematical form, for consideration by industrial and organizational psychologists. The rationale stems from problems encountered in classical psychometric theory with its practical dependence on distributions of attributes in samples and its theoretical dependence on parallel forms, problems alleviated by the use of latent trait analyses. This article presents some basic concepts and some available computer programs. Some controversies and unresolved problems are examined from a practical perspective
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Religion and Spirituality in the Face of Illness How Cancer, Cardiac, and HIV Patients Describe their Spirituality/Religiosity
This study reports the results of semi-structured interviews conducted with 60 medically ill (cancer, myocardial infarction, HIV/AIDS) people in an attempt to define what people facing a life-threatening illness mean when they say they are ‘spiritual’ or ‘religious’. Questions were asked about beliefs and affective, behavioral, and somatic realms. Subjects initially self-identified as considering themselves to be spiritual, religious, or both. While some similarities existed between the groups (e.g. amount of time spent in prayer, beliefs set the tone for their life, give them a sense of well-being, guidance, a sense of right and wrong, a connection to God, and a sense they will live on in some form), significant differences were discovered in overall belief systems, as well as in interpretation of the mechanisms whereby subjects' beliefs impacted their health and their recovery. Those identifying as spiritual described recovery and healing as happening through them whereas those identifying as religious were more likely to say it happens to them. In addition, significant differences existed between the groups in their overall view of God, self, world, and others. Implications for future studies are discussed
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ANCHORS AWAY-THE STABILITY OF MEANING OF ANCHORS WHEN THEIR LOCATION IS CHANGED
Session 2: Progressive Muscle Relaxation for Eight Muscle Groups / Stress and Awareness
Chapter 4 outlines the second session of cognitive-behavioral stress management (CBSM) treatment. This session further explores progressive muscle relaxation (PMR), and the effects that stress can have on an individual and exercises to increase awareness of the physical symptoms of stress (imagery exercises, breathing exercises)
Introductory Information for Facilitators
Chapter 1 presents introductory information for group facilitators regarding the background information and purpose of the program, HIV, and cognitive-behavioral stress management (CBSM). Alternative treatments are explored, along with the group format of the treatment program, and the use of the corresponding client workbook
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