METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS NA EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA: UM ESTUDO BIBLIOGRÁFICO

METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS NA EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA: UM ESTUDO BIBLIOGRÁFIC

Desafios no diagnóstico e tratamento do Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio em idosos

Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is one of the most common causes of mortality among the elderly population, making it necessary to develop strategies to combat the challenges and improve the treatment of this condition. The methodology chosen in this work was an integrative review of the literature, in which the objective is to carry out a scientific investigation on the topic. There are several challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of AMI in the elderly. Therefore, the assessment of these obstacles reveals the pressing need for a broad and integrated approach, which includes not only the identification and control of risk factors, but also, proportionally, the implementation of preventive strategies and the promotion of a lifestyle healthy in this population. As for the challenges themselves, the growing influence of multimorbidities prevalent in this age group stands out, which directly impact the diagnosis and therapeutic approach to this problem. Therefore, it is concluded that even though the increased prevalence of conditions such as hypertension, DM and other pre-existing heart diseases makes the clinical scenario more complex, requiring constant adaptation of medical practices and more attention to the integrated management of these comorbidities to optimize clinical results. Thus, this scenario encourages the importance of comprehensive and personalized strategies in the diagnosis and treatment of AMI in the elderly, aiming not only at effective management of the disease, but also at promoting the health and quality of life of this vulnerable population.O Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio (IAM) é uma das causas mais comuns de mortalidade entre a população idosa, tornando-se necessário desenvolver estratégias para combater os desafios e melhorar o tratamento dessa condição. A metodologia escolhida no presente trabalho foi uma revisão integrativa da literatura, no qual o objetivo é a realização de uma investigação científica acerca da pauta. Observam-se diversos desafios no diagnóstico e tratamento do IAM em idosos. Por conseguinte, a avaliação desses obstáculos revela a necessidade premente de uma abordagem ampla e integrada, que inclua não apenas a identificação e o controle dos fatores de risco, mas também, proporcionalmente, a implementação de estratégias preventivas e a promoção de um estilo de vida saudável nessa população. Quanto aos desafios em si, destaca-se a influência crescente das multimorbidades prevalentes nessa faixa etária, que impactam, diretamente, o diagnóstico e a abordagem terapêutica dessa problemática. Logo, conclui-se, ainda que o aumento da prevalência de condições como HAS, DM e outras doenças cardíacas pré-existentes torna o cenário clínico mais complexo, exigindo uma adaptação constante das práticas médicas e uma atenção duplicada na gestão integrada dessas comorbidades para otimizar os resultados clínicos. Desse modo, esse cenário fomenta a importância de estratégias abrangentes e personalizadas no diagnóstico e tratamento do IAM em idosos, visando não apenas a gestão eficaz da doença, mas também a promoção da saúde e qualidade de vida dessa população vulnerável

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Sudeste goiano: seus trabalhadores, seus construtores, suas memórias nossas histórias

The field built and rebuilt in the memories of the workers of Southeast Goias is constituted in the thesis that we present now. In a process of reading and re-reading interviews produced from the year of 2000, we search to deepen meanings that memories related to the countryside can bring some of the redefinitions of the relations of work that these workers were subdued in the second half of the 20th century. Maintaining a dialog with the interviews produced with men and women, workers who suffered redefinitions in their lives due to the change from the countryside to the city, we point out some issues productions in history that, having countryside and city apart in the dynamics of production and consumption, blame for the first one a space which people were setting themselves up from a situation of economical misery and political apathy, condition which would be freed by going to the city, place in which capitalism would favor, for the salaried work and for the technological advancements, a redemption of the conditions survived in the countryside. We refuse to acknowledge a way of thinking in which the memories of the workers are put behind, in structures which are strange to their world, though at some point they are galvanized. These structures, at the same time in which they attribute little political relevance to the actions of the countryside workers, they intend to appoint authorized spokeswomen of these characters. The subject allowed testing our understanding of culture, while indissociable from the practices and expectations that these workers used to have or still have. In this way, we reflect that the pressures, which they suffered and to which was printed in an unstable fact, were determinant for the redefinitions that either the countryside as for the city passed through in that period. We look for, in the effort of reconstituting the clash of powers that revealed in the changes, not to level out the memories, so that they would result in only two memories, the dominant and the dominated one. Through dialogs with some authors, mainly with Alessandro Portelli, we identified the existence of possible memories in the conditions of production and of different elaborations of the same area of pressures, revealing available means, which were used or not by many of the protagonists. This thesis allowed the reaffirmation that the categories work and workers set themselves up as and reconstitute in the social field, which inputs limits and pressures for this (re) construction, an always open process, continuous and unfinished in the memories which are produced.Doutor em HistóriaO campo construído e reconstruído nas memórias dos trabalhadores do Sudeste Goiano se constituiu na tese que agora apresentamos. Em um processo de leitura e releitura de entrevistas produzidas desde o ano de 2000, buscamos aprofundar alguns significados que as memórias em relação ao campo podem trazer das redefinições das relações de trabalho a que estes trabalhadores estiveram submetidos na segunda metade do século XX. Mantendo um diálogo com as entrevistas produzidas com homens e mulheres, trabalhadores que sofreram redefinições em suas vidas devido à mudança do campo para a cidade, problematizamos produções na história que, colocando campo e cidade apartados na dinâmica de produção e consumo, imputam ao primeiro um espaço em que as pessoas se constituíam a partir de uma situação de miséria econômica e apatia política, condição que seria redimida com a ida para a cidade, local em que o capitalismo propiciaria, pelo trabalho assalariado e pelos avanços tecnológicos, uma redenção das condições vividas no campo. Recusamos uma maneira de pensar em que as memórias dos trabalhadores são postas a reboque de estruturas que são estranhas ao seu mundo, embora em algum momento elas se vejam imbricadas. Essas estruturas, ao mesmo tempo em que imputam pouca relevância política às ações dos trabalhadores do campo, pretendem se constituir porta-vozes autorizadas desses personagens. O tema permitiu que testássemos nossa compreensão de cultura, enquanto indissociável das práticas e expectativas que estes trabalhadores possuíam/possuem. Nesse caminho, refletimos que as pressões, que sofreram e ao mesmo tempo imprimiram em uma realidade movediça, foram determinantes para as redefinições que tanto o campo quanto a cidade experimentaram naquele período. Procuramos no esforço de reconstituir o embate de forças que se revelou nas mudanças não aplainar as memórias, de modo que resultassem em apenas duas memórias, a dominante e a dominada. Em diálogos com autores, principalmente com Alessandro Portelli, identificamos a existência de memórias possíveis nas condições de produção e de elaborações diversas de uma mesma área de pressões, revelando possibilidades disponíveis, que foram ou não usadas pelos muitos protagonistas. A tese permitiu a reafirmação de que as categorias trabalho e trabalhadores se constituem e reconstituem no social, que dá-lhes os limites e as pressões para essa (re)construção, processo sempre aberto, ininterrupto e inacabado nas memórias que são produzidas

Age patterns in overweight and wasting prevalence of under 5-year-old children from low- and middle-income countries.

OBJECTIVES: To describe how overweight and wasting prevalence varies with age among children under 5 years in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS: We used data from nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys. Overweight and wasting prevalence were defined as the proportions of children presenting mean weight for length/height (WHZ) more than 2 standard deviations above or below 2 standard deviations from the median value of the 2006 WHO standards, respectively. Descriptive analyses include national estimates of child overweight and wasting prevalence, mean, and standard deviations of WHZ stratified by age in years. National results were pooled using the population of children aged under 5 years in each country as weight. Fractional polynomials were used to compare mean WHZ with both overweight and wasting prevalence. RESULTS: Ninety national surveys from LMICs carried out between 2010 and 2019 were included. The overall prevalence of overweight declined with age from 6.3% for infants (aged 0-11 months) to 3.0% in 4 years olds (p = 0.03). In all age groups, lower prevalence was observed in low-income compared to upper-middle-income countries. Wasting was also more frequent among infants, with a slight decrease between the first and second year of life, and little variation thereafter. Lower-middle-income countries showed the highest wasting prevalence in all age groups. On the other hand, mean WHZ was stable over the first 5 years of life, but the median standard deviation for WHZ decreased from 1.39 in infants to 1.09 in 4-year-old children (p < 0.001). For any given value of WHZ, both overweight and wasting prevalence were higher in infants than in older children. CONCLUSION: The higher values of WHZ standard deviations in infants suggest that declining prevalence in overweight and wasting by age may be possibly due to measurement error or rapid crossing of growth channels by infants