Detection of SARS Coronavirus in Patients with Suspected SARS

Cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) were investigated for SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) through RNA tests, serologic response, and viral culture. Of 537 specimens from patients in whom SARS was clinically diagnosed, 332 (60%) had SARS-CoV RNA in one or more clinical specimens, compared with 1 (0.3%) of 332 samples from controls. Of 417 patients with clinical SARS from whom paired serum samples were available, 92% had an antibody response. Rates of viral RNA positivity increased progressively and peaked at day 11 after onset of illness. Although viral RNA remained detectable in respiratory secretions and stool and urine specimens for >30 days in some patients, virus could not be cultured after week 3 of illness. Nasopharyngeal aspirates, throat swabs, or sputum samples were the most useful clinical specimens in the first 5 days of illness, but later in the illness viral RNA could be detected more readily in stool specimens

Viral Loads in Clinical Specimens and SARS Manifestations

The number of anatomical sites with detectable viral loads by RT-qPCR appeared to correlate with death risk

Supplementary Material for: Immunogenicity and safety of the three-dose COVID-19 vaccine regimen in patients receiving renal replacement therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background A three-dose regimen is the current standard for COVID-19 vaccination, but systematic data on immunogenicity and safety in CKD patients remains limited. Objectives We conducted a meta-analysis on the immunogenicity and safety of three-dose COVID-19 vaccination in patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT). Methods Systematic literature search in four electronic databases yielded twenty eligible studies (2117 patients, 94% received mRNA vaccines) for meta-analysis. Results The overall seropositivity rate of anti-SARS-CoV-2 was 74.2% (95% CI: 65.0%-83.4%) after three-dose COVID-19 vaccination. The seropositivity rate of anti-SARS-CoV-2 in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) was 64.6% (95% CI: 58.7%-70.5%), and 43.5% (95% CI: 38.5%-48.6%) of non-responders after second dose became seropositive after third dose. The seropositivity rate of anti-SARS-CoV-2 was 92.9% (95% CI: 89.5%-96.2%) in dialysis patients, and 64.6% (95% CI: 46.8%-82.3%) of non-responders after second dose became seropositive after third dose. In KTRs, each year increase in transplant vintage was associated with 35.6% increase in anti-SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity (95% CI: 15.9%-55.4%, p=0.01). There were no serious adverse events attributed to vaccination in KTRs and the commonest local and systemic adverse events were injection site pain and fatigue respectively

Supplementary Material for: Immunogenicity and safety of the three-dose COVID-19 vaccine regimen in patients receiving renal replacement therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background A three-dose regimen is the current standard for COVID-19 vaccination, but systematic data on immunogenicity and safety in CKD patients remains limited. Objectives We conducted a meta-analysis on the immunogenicity and safety of three-dose COVID-19 vaccination in patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT). Methods Systematic literature search in four electronic databases yielded twenty eligible studies (2117 patients, 94% received mRNA vaccines) for meta-analysis. Results The overall seropositivity rate of anti-SARS-CoV-2 was 74.2% (95% CI: 65.0%-83.4%) after three-dose COVID-19 vaccination. The seropositivity rate of anti-SARS-CoV-2 in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) was 64.6% (95% CI: 58.7%-70.5%), and 43.5% (95% CI: 38.5%-48.6%) of non-responders after second dose became seropositive after third dose. The seropositivity rate of anti-SARS-CoV-2 was 92.9% (95% CI: 89.5%-96.2%) in dialysis patients, and 64.6% (95% CI: 46.8%-82.3%) of non-responders after second dose became seropositive after third dose. In KTRs, each year increase in transplant vintage was associated with 35.6% increase in anti-SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity (95% CI: 15.9%-55.4%, p=0.01). There were no serious adverse events attributed to vaccination in KTRs and the commonest local and systemic adverse events were injection site pain and fatigue respectively