Lagrangian constraints and renormalization of 4D gravity

It has been proposed in \cite{Park:2014tia} that 4D Einstein gravity becomes effectively reduced to 3D after solving the Lagrangian analogues of the Hamiltonian and momentum constraints of the Hamiltonian quantization. The analysis in \cite{Park:2014tia} was carried out at the classical/operator level. We review the proposal and make a transition to the path integral account. We then set the stage for explicitly carrying out the two-loop renormalization procedure of the resulting 3D action. We also address a potentially subtle issue in the gravity context concerning whether renormalizability does not depend on the background around which the original action is expanded.Comment: 40 pages, 5 figures, minor corrections, version to appear in JHE

Hypersurface foliation approach to renormalization of ADM formulation of gravity

We carry out ADM splitting in the Lagrangian formulation and establish a procedure in which (almost) all of the unphysical components of the metric are removed by using the 4D diffeomorphism and the measure-zero 3D symmetry. The procedure introduces a constraint that corresponds to the Hamiltonian constraint of the Hamiltonian formulation, and its solution implies that the 4D dynamics admits an effective description through 3D hypersurface physics. As far as we can see, our procedure implies potential renormalizability of {the ADM formulation of} 4D Einstein gravity for which a complete gauge-fixing in the ADM formulation and hypersurface foliation of geometry are the key elements. If true, this implies that the alleged unrenormalizability of 4D Einstein gravity may be due to the presence of the unphysical fields. The procedure can straightforwardly be applied to quantization around a flat background; the Schwarzschild case seems more subtle. We discuss a potential limitation of the procedure when applying it to explicit time-dependent backgrounds.Comment: 29 pages, 3 figures, expanded for clarity, refs added, the version to appear in EPJ

Reduction of BTZ spacetime to hypersurfaces of foliation

We reduce the BTZ spacetime to two kinds of hypersurfaces of foliation: one having a fixed radial coordinate and the other a fixed angular coordinate. The radial reduction leads to a Liouville type theory, and confirms, from the first principle, the expectation laid out in the literature. In the other endeavor, the angular reduction of the 3D gravity is carried out in two different ways; the first again yields a Liouville type theory (different from that of the radial reduction) and the second yields a 2D interacting quantum field theory with quartic potential. Finally we discuss potential implications of our result for the Equivalence Principle and Purity of Hawking radiation.Comment: 16 pages, minor corrections, version that will appear in JHE

Absorption of a Quantum in a D1/D5 System

In {\em Nucl. Phys.} B {\bf 615}, 285 (2001) [arXiv:hep-th/0107113], the wave equation for a minimally coupled scalar was studied in the geometry of a D1-D5 system with non-zero angular momentum. The probability for a quantum to enter the throat was computed by taking small a parameter \g which is associated with the value of the angular momentum. In the leading order in \g, the result was found to agree with the dual CFT result. In this note, we report on an observation that there are corrections of higher order in \g. Our results should be useful for determining the higher order correction terms that the dual CFT needs in order to incorporate the presence of the `capped' geometry.Comment: 16 page

Foliation, jet bundle and quantization of Einstein gravity

In \cite{Park:2014tia} we proposed a way of quantizing gravity with the Hamiltonian and Lagrangian analyses in the ADM setup. One of the key observations was that the physical configuration space of the 4D Einstein-Hilbert action admits a three-dimensional description, thereby making gravity renormalization possible through a metric field redefinition. Subsequently, a more mathematical and complementary picture of the reduction based on foliation theory was presented in \cite{Park:2014qoa}. With the setup of foliation the physical degrees of freedom have been identified with a certain leaf. Here we expand the work of \cite{Park:2014qoa} by adding another mathematical ingredient - an element of jet bundle theory. With the introduction of the jet bundle, the procedure of identifying the true degrees of freedom outlined therein is made precise and the whole picture of the reduction is put on firm mathematical ground.Comment: 34 pages, 3 figures, sections restructured and two appendices added, comments on loop quantum gravity added, refs added, version to appear in Frontiers in Physic