Arguments for equipping ДТ-75М tractor carriage with recuperative elements by means of mathematical simulation

By means of simulation dynamic model of a forest tillage machine the possibility of equipping ДТ-75 М tractor carriage with recuperative elements has been studied. In this case energy extraction in each carriage does not worsen vibration spectrum of tractor case up to 0,7 kW

Modeling of production processes in rural areas: management and development effectiveness

In the modern economy, the process of studying independent and alternative approaches to studying a business (organization) is happening more and more. Such alternative approaches of today include: “neoclassical theory”, “theory of transaction costs” (theory of specific assets), “theory of incomplete contracts” (theory of property rights), and also “agent theory” (theory of incentives). Such integrated systems and approaches of economics and management as “resource theory”, “knowledge theory”, “strategic theory”, “entrepreneurial theory”, “network theory”, “theory of resource dependence”, “theory of institutional isomorphism”, “theory of situational choice", "The theory of strategic choice" is currently promising and relevant. The article discusses the basic model of neoclassical theory. The main superiority of this theory is expressed in the fact that it predetermines the technological component as a whole as an economy in the broad sense of the understanding and depends on the scale of activity of the economic entity. Moreover, this theory provides for the reflection of savings in the activities of an economic entity, taking into account the scale of activity and business processes (factors) that characterize the volume of production and turnover of organizations. In the framework of the approach under consideration, a certain macrostructure is determined that incurs costs of economic resources: fixed assets, the number of employees that affect the turnover of organizations. The rational management task that the Udmurt Republic encounters is to determine the forecast for the turnover of organizations for given resources and in calculating the fixed assets necessary for its value and the number of employees. It was revealed that the rural economy of Udmurtia has a negligible effect on the scale of resources, since with a simultaneous increase in labor and capital by 1%, the turnover of organizations increases by 1.82%, and the final product is most dependent on the state of the workforce, as the current state the equipment used is in critical condition in terms of wear and efficiency

Current status of the temperature and humidity regime of the troposphere in the Siberian sector in different circulation periods

The paper studies the long-term dynamics of air temperature and relative humidity anomaly indices in the surface layer and at different levels of the troposphere in Siberia and neighboring regions (European and Far Eastern sectors). As the main cause of the observed variations in climatic parameters we considered circulation factors, which were taken into account using the typification of macrocirculation processes proposed by B.L. Dzerdzeevsky. Seasonal differences were revealed in the distribution of anomaly indices and the area occupied by anomalies of different signs of annual and monthly mean temperature and relative air humidity, which are most pronounced during circulation periods of increased duration of meridional northern processes in the Siberian sector and in the Northern Hemisphere as a whole. The highest rates of change in the temperature regime in the Siberian sector over recent decades have been observed at the level of the isobaric surface AT–700 hPa (3 km), which affects the advective-dynamic factors of surface cyclo- and frontogenesis, as well as the processes of cloud formation and precipitation. In general, an increase in the heat content of the lower and middle troposphere and a decrease in the relative moisture content near the tropopause can be accompanied by an increase in the amount of the potential energy and convective instability energy reserves and can lead to an increase in climate risks in the Siberian sector

Socio-economic burden of chronic migraine in Russia

Introduction. Results of both clinical and epidemiological studies demonstrate a high frequency of work incapacity associated with headache, reduced socio-economic activity, low quality of life, greater number of comorbid diseases and mental disorders in patients with chronic migraine (CM) compared to those who suffer from episodic primary headache.Objectives. Te objective of the study was comparative assessment of the disease cost and clinical and economic consequences of using various therapeutic approaches for preventive treatment of CM from the societal perspective in the Russian Federation.Methods. Te following types of pharmacoeconomic analyses were used: disease cost analysis, budget effect analysis. Models based on literature data (Scenario No. 1) and based on expert opinion (Scenario No. 2) were constructed in parallel with subsequent interpretation and discussion of the results obtained. Direct and indirect costs were considered. Efcacy criteria were clinical outcomes of the use of therapeutic options in question — change in the frequency of use of migraine-associated aid: change in the frequency of use of emergency medical care; change in the frequency of inpatient treatment.Results. CM is a disease associated with a signifcant socio-economic burden: the cost of managing a target population of 1 470 840 patients with current distribution of therapeutic approaches can reach up to 402 569 527 778 RUB with clinical and economic modeling based on literature data, and 444 918 119 377 RUB with clinical and economic modeling based on expert opinion surveys. Indirect costs constitute a signifcant proportion of the socio-economic cost of CM, estimated at 61 995 589 503 RUB to 88 794 056 961 RUB. Te use of various therapeutic approaches for treating CM can reduce the cost of the disease for the target population. Te cost of managing one patient with Botox® per year (141 820 RUB) was up to 40 % lower than the cost of preventive treatment of a patient with CM with oral medications (202 894 RUB), up to 192 % lower than the cost of managing patients without preventive treatment (414 305 RUB). Te use of Botox is associated with signifcantly smaller indirect costs in comparison with the use of other therapeutic approaches in managing patients with CM

Features of high-dose intravenous immunotherapy administration in patients with reduced IgA level in neurological practice: literature review and description of a clinical case

Intravenous high-dose immunotherapy is one of the highly effective proven treatments for a number of autoimmune diseases of the nervous system. Nowadays there is enough knowledge about the spectrum of side effects and approaches to their prevention and monitoring. Most of them are leveled by improving the technology of the production process, but anaphylactic reactions remain one of the uncontrolled, albeit rare, undesirable reactions. The development of allergic reactions is associated with the presence of antibodies to immunoglobulin class A (IgA) in the patient, which is manifested by a decrease in the level of IgA during routine immunological examination. The article provides a review of the literature on the prevalence of IgA deficiency, its causes. A modern view of the need for routine testing of IgA level before the course of intravenous immunotherapy, approaches to reduce the risk of developing serious adverse reactions in such cases is described. A clinical case of treatment of a patient with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and a reduced level of IgA is presented

Geographical Distribution, Incidence, Malignancies, and Outcome of 136 Eastern Slavic Patients With Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome and NBN Founder Variant c.657_661del5

Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) is a DNA repair disorder characterized by combined immunodeficiency and a high predisposition to lymphoid malignancies. The majority of NBS patients are identified with a homozygous five base pair deletion in the Nibrin (NBN) gene (c.657_661del5, p.K219fsX19) with a founder effect observed in Caucasian European populations, especially of Slavic origin. We present here an analysis of a cohort of 136 NBS patients of Eastern Slav origin across Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, and Latvia with a focus on understanding the geographic distribution, incidence of malignancy, and treatment outcomes of this cohort. Our analysis shows that Belarus had the highest prevalence of NBS (2.3 per 1,000,000), followed by Ukraine (1.3 per 1,000,000), and Russia (0.7 per 1,000,000). Of note, the highest concentration of NBS cases was observed in the western regions of Belarus and Ukraine, where NBS prevalence exceeds 20 cases per 1,000,000 people, suggesting the presence of an “Eastern Slavic NBS hot spot.” The median age at diagnosis of this cohort ranged from 4 to 5 years, and delay in diagnosis was more pervasive in smaller cities and rural regions. A total of 62 (45%) patients developed malignancies, more commonly in males than females (55.2 vs. 34.2%; p=0.017). In 27 patients, NBS was diagnosed following the onset of malignancies (mean age: 8 years). Malignancies were mostly of lymphoid origin and predominantly non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (n=42, 68%); 38% of patients had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The 20-year overall survival rate of patients with malignancy was 24%. However, females with cancer experienced poorer event-free survival rates than males (16.6% vs. 46.8%, p=0.036). Of 136 NBS patients, 13 underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with an overall survival of 3.5 years following treatment (range: 1 to 14 years). Indications for HSCT included malignancy (n=7) and immunodeficiency (n=6). Overall, 9% of patients in this cohort reached adulthood. Adult survivors reported diminished quality of life with significant physical and cognitive impairments. Our study highlights the need to improve timely diagnosis and clinical management of NBS among Eastern Slavs. Genetic counseling and screening should be offered to individuals with a family history of NBS, especially in hot spot regions. © Copyright © 2021 Sharapova, Pashchenko, Bondarenko, Vakhlyarskaya, Prokofjeva, Fedorova, Savchak, Mareika, Valiev, Popa, Tuzankina, Vlasova, Sakovich, Polyakova, Rumiantseva, Naumchik, Kulyova, Aleshkevich, Golovataya, Minakovskaya, Belevtsev, Latysheva, Latysheva, Beznoshchenko, Akopyan, Makukh, Kozlova, Varabyou, Ballow, Ong, Walter, Kondratenko, Kostyuchenko and Aleinikova.We thank all doctors for clinical help for patients. We also appreciate the support of patient and their parents for agreeing to take part in this study. TP thanks Sergey?Nikulshin, Marika Grutupa, and Zanna Kovalova. We thank Joseph Dasso for editing this manuscript, primarily for proper English

Особенности проведения высокодозной внутривенной иммунотерапии у пациентов со сниженным уровнем IgA в неврологической практике: обзор литературы и описание клинического случая

Intravenous high-dose immunotherapy is one of the highly effective proven treatments for a number of autoimmune diseases of the nervous system. Nowadays there is enough knowledge about the spectrum of side effects and approaches to their prevention and monitoring. Most of them are leveled by improving the technology of the production process, but anaphylactic reactions remain one of the uncontrolled, albeit rare, undesirable reactions. The development of allergic reactions is associated with the presence of antibodies to immunoglobulin class A (IgA) in the patient, which is manifested by a decrease in the level of IgA during routine immunological examination. The article provides a review of the literature on the prevalence of IgA deficiency, its causes. A modern view of the need for routine testing of IgA level before the course of intravenous immunotherapy, approaches to reduce the risk of developing serious adverse reactions in such cases is described. A clinical case of treatment of a patient with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and a reduced level of IgA is presented.Внутривенная высокодозная иммунотерапия – один из высокоэффективных доказанных методов лечения ряда аутоиммунных заболеваний нервной системы. В настоящее время накоплено достаточно знаний о спектре побочных эффектов и подходах к их профилактике и мониторингу. Бόльшая часть из них нивелирована совершенствованием технологии процесса производства, однако анафилактические реакции остаются одной из неконтролируемых, хотя и редко встречающихся нежелательных реакций. Развитие аллергических реакций связывают с наличием у пациента антител к иммуноглобулину класса А (IgA), что проявляется снижением уровня IgA при рутинном иммунологическом исследовании. В статье представлен обзор литературы о распространенности дефицита IgA, его причинах. Описаны современный взгляд на необходимость рутинного исследования уровня IgA перед курсом внутривенной иммунотерапии, подходы к снижению риска развития серьезных нежелательных реакций в таких случаях. Представлен клинический случай лечения пациента с хронической воспалительной демиелинизирующей полинейропатией и сниженным уровнем IgA

Patients with primary immunodeficiencies are a reservoir of poliovirus and a risk to polio eradication

ABSTARCT: Immunodeficiency-associated vaccine-derived polioviruses (iVDPVs) have been isolated from primary immunodeficiency (PID) patients exposed to oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). Patients may excrete poliovirus strains for months or years; the excreted viruses are frequently highly divergent from the parental OPV and have been shown to be as neurovirulent as wild virus. Thus, these patients represent a potential reservoir for transmission of neurovirulent polioviruses in the post-eradication era. In support of WHO recommendations to better estimate the prevalence of poliovirus excreters among PIDs and characterize genetic evolution of these strains, 635 patients including 570 with primary antibody deficiencies and 65 combined immunodeficiencies were studied from 13 OPV-using countries. Two stool samples were collected over 4 days, tested for enterovirus, and the poliovirus positive samples were sequenced. Thirteen patients (2%) excreted polioviruses, most for less than 2 months following identification of infection. Five (0.8%) were classified as iVDPVs (only in combined immunodeficiencies and mostly poliovirus serotype 2). Non-polio enteroviruses were detected in 30 patients (4.7%). Patients with combined immunodeficiencies had increased risk of delayed poliovirus clearance compared to primary antibody deficiencies. Usually, iVDPV was detected in subjects with combined immunodeficiencies in a short period of time after OPV exposure, most for less than 6 months. Surveillance for poliovirus excretion among PID patients should be reinforced until polio eradication is certified and the use of OPV is stopped. Survival rates among PID patients are improving in lower and middle income countries, and iVDPV excreters are identified more frequently. Antivirals or enhanced immunotherapies presently in development represent the only potential means to manage the treatment of prolonged excreters and the risk they present to the polio endgame. Keywords: Poliovirus eradication, Immunodeficiency-associated vaccine-derived polioviruses, Oral poliovirus vaccine, Humoral immunodeficiency, Combined immunodeficiency, Primary immunodeficienc