Multifractality and Conformal Invariance at 2D Metal-Insulator Transition in the Spin-Orbit Symmetry Class

We study the multifractality (MF) of critical wave functions at boundaries and corners at the metal-insulator transition (MIT) for noninteracting electrons in the two-dimensional (2D) spin-orbit (symplectic) universality class. We find that the MF exponents near a boundary are different from those in the bulk. The exponents at a corner are found to be directly related to those at a straight boundary through a relation arising from conformal invariance. This provides direct numerical evidence for conformal invariance at the 2D spin-orbit MIT. The presence of boundaries modifies the MF of the whole sample even in the thermodynamic limit.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Surface criticality and multifractality at localization transitions

We develop the concept of surface multifractality for localization-delocalization (LD) transitions in disordered electronic systems. We point out that the critical behavior of various observables related to wave functions near a boundary at a LD transition is different from that in the bulk. We illustrate this point with a calculation of boundary critical and multifractal behavior at the 2D spin quantum Hall transition and in a 2D metal at scales below the localization length.Comment: Published versio

Boundary multifractality in critical 1D systems with long-range hopping

Boundary multifractality of electronic wave functions is studied analytically and numerically for the power-law random banded matrix (PRBM) model, describing a critical one-dimensional system with long-range hopping. The peculiarity of the Anderson localization transition in this model is the existence of a line of fixed points describing the critical system in the bulk. We demonstrate that the boundary critical theory of the PRBM model is not uniquely determined by the bulk properties. Instead, the boundary criticality is controlled by an additional parameter characterizing the hopping amplitudes of particles reflected by the boundary.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, some typos correcte

Motion Vector Estimation Search using Hexagon-Diamond Pattern for Video Sequences, Grid Point and Block-Based

Grid and block-based motion vector estimation techniques are proposed for motion tracking in video sequences. The grid technique is referred to the hexagon-diamond pattern. While, block-based technique is referred to 16 × 16 pixels of blocks in a single frame in video sequences. The hexagon and diamond pattern is applied onto the 16 × 16 pixels blocks in a single frame for motion tracking purposes in video sequences. The hexagon grid pattern will conduct a search to capture the motion in a particular block of the hexagon region before the diamond grid pattern takes place for the fine search. The diamond grid pattern provides accuracy to obtain the best grid vector coordinate for motion tracking purposes. The hexagon-diamond grid vector coordinate can be used to determine whether the object is moving toward the horizontal or vertical plane. The information determined at grid vector coordinate can be used as a reference when referring to the previous frame in video sequence processing. The grid vector coordinate will help to determine the area of interest to be examined based on the coordinate obtained. Besides the grid vector estimation, the Point Signal Noise-to-Ratio (PSNR) is also applied to measure the quality of the video

Temporary balloon catheter occlusion for control of haemorrhage following penetrating axillary artery injury

Penetrating injuries of the axillary artery are uncommon. Their repair can be difficult in the presence of torrential haemorrhage, which obscures the surgical field. We describe the use of interventional radiology for temporary control of bleeding to facilitate surgical repair in a case of penetrating axillary artery injury

Modelling an electrically turbocharged engine and predicting the performance under steady-state engine

This paper discusses the evaluation of the energy recovery potential of turboshaft separated (decoupled) electric turbocharger and its boosting capability in a spark-ignition engine through simulation-based work and comparing it to a conventional turbocharged engine in terms of fuel consumption. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the amount of energy that can be recovered over a steady state full-load operating conditions and boosting capabilities from a decoupled electric turbocharger of an SI engine using a 1-D engine simulation software. The electric turbocharged system includes two motors and a battery pack to store the recovered electrical energy. Gt-Power engine simulation software was used to model both engines and utilizes each of the components described earlier. The conventional turbocharged engine is first simulated to obtain its performance characteristics. An electric turbocharger is then modelled by separating the turbine from the compressor. The turbine is connected to the generator and battery, whereas the compressor is connected to the motor. This electrically turbocharged engine was modelled at full load and controlled to produce the same brake power (kW) and brake torque (Nm) properties as the similarly sized conventional turbocharged engine. This step was necessary to investigate the effect an electrical turbocharger without a wastegate has on the engine’s BSFC and determine the energy that can be recovered by the electrical boosting components, and cycle�averaged fuel consumption was evaluated. The evaluation of energy recovered from the electrically turbocharged engine from the analysis can assessed in full-load steady state conditions that can be useful for research in part-load and transient studies involving the decoupled electrical turbocharger. The study revealed that a maximum of 21.6 kW of electrical power can be recovered from the decoupled electrical turbocharger system, whereas 2.6% increase in fuel consumption can be observed at 5000 rpm engine speed

Elimination of adsorptive behaviour of biomolecules at the glass-solution interface in fluorescence correlation spectroscopy

We study adsorptive behaviour of biomolecules at the glass-solution interface in fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), and propose a negatively charged coating to eliminate the adsorption of molecules. In this article, we demonstrate confocal microscopic measurements on Cy3.5-90-mer-ssDNA and Cy3.5-90-bp-dsDNA in different solutions, and use two polymers – poly (acrylic acid, sodium salt) and poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) to produce the negatively charged coating on glass coverslips. This technology enables more stable FCS measurements in extremely low concentration samples and reveals that the adsorptive behaviour of biomolecules is responsible for sudden disappearance of many iomolecules in low concentration solutions

Rheological Behavior of Dense Assemblies of Granular Materials

Assemblies of granular materials behave differently when they are owing rapidly, from when they are slowly deforming. The behavior of rapidly owing granular materials, where the particle-particle interactions occur largely through binary collisions, is commonly related to the properties of the constituent particles through the kinetic theory of granular materials. The same cannot be said for slowly moving or static assemblies of granular materials, where enduring contacts between particles are prevalent. For instance, a continuum description of the yield characteristics of dense assemblies of particles in the quasistatic ow regime cannot be written explicitly on the basis of particle properties, even for cohesionless particles. Continuum models for this regime have been proposed and applied, but these models typically assume that the assembly is at incipient yield and they are expressed in terms of the yield function, which we do not yet know how to express in terms of particle-level properties. The description of the continuum rheology in the intermediate regime is even less understood. Yet, many practically important flows in nature and in a wide range of technological applications occur in the dense flow regime and at the transition between dilute and dense regimes; the lack of validated continuum rheological models for particle assemblies in these regimes limits predictive modeling of such flows. This research project is aimed at developing such rheological models