Клинико-генетические характеристики синдрома контрактур конечностей и лица, гипотонии и задержки психомоторного развития (OMIM:616 266), обусловленного мутациями в гене NALCN

A description of the clinical and genetic characteristics of the syndrome of congenital contractures of the limbs and face in combination with muscular hypotonia and psychomotor retardation of 2 patients from Russia is presented. As a result of full-exome DNA sequencing, 2 heterozygous missense mutations c 4355T C and c.3541C G were found in the NALCN gene, leading to amino acid substitutions at the functionally important center of the protein molecule. The effect of identified mutations in the NALCN gene on the function of its protein and approaches to the differential diagnosis of congenital contracture syndrome of the extremities and face in combination with muscular hypotonia and psychomotor retardation with monogenic variants of distal arthrogryposis with autosomal dominant type of inheritance are discussed.Представлено описание клинико-генетических характеристик синдрома врожденных контрактур конечностей и лица в сочетании с мышечной гипотонией и задержкой психомоторного развития 2 пациентов из России. В результате полноэкзомного секвенирования ДНК у пациентов обнаружены 2 гетерозиготные миссенс-мутации c.4355T>C и c.3541C>G в гене NALCN, приводящие к аминокислотным заменам в функционально значимом центре белковой молекулы. Обсуждается влияние выявленных мутаций в гене NALCN на функцию его белка и подходы к дифференциальной диагностике синдрома врожденных контрактур конечностей и лица в сочетании с мышечной гипотонией и задержкой психомоторного развития с моногенными вариантами дистальных артрогрипозов с аутосомно-доминантным типом наследования

Clinical and genetic characteristics of the syndrome of contractures of the limbs and face, hypothony and psychomotor retardation (OMIM: 616 266), caused by mutations in the NALCN gene

A description of the clinical and genetic characteristics of the syndrome of congenital contractures of the limbs and face in combination with muscular hypotonia and psychomotor retardation of 2 patients from Russia is presented. As a result of full-exome DNA sequencing, 2 heterozygous missense mutations c 4355T C and c.3541C G were found in the NALCN gene, leading to amino acid substitutions at the functionally important center of the protein molecule. The effect of identified mutations in the NALCN gene on the function of its protein and approaches to the differential diagnosis of congenital contracture syndrome of the extremities and face in combination with muscular hypotonia and psychomotor retardation with monogenic variants of distal arthrogryposis with autosomal dominant type of inheritance are discussed

PHASE DIAGRAM OF Na(DxH1-x)3(SeO3)2 SYSTEM vs CONCENTRATION, TEMPERATURE, FIELD AND PRESSURE

On montre que les cristaux Na(DxH1-x)3(SeO3)2 sont isotopiquement non isomorphes. On trouve que le champ électrique externe Ey élargit de façon importante les zones de température et concentration où existe une composante γ de la polarisation spontanée ; la pression hydrostatique agrandit la zone de concentration où existe Psy et provoque une nouvelle phase dont les propriétés dépendent du champ Ey.It is shown that Na(DxH1-x)3(SeO3)2 crystals are isotopically nonisomorphous. It is found that external electric field Ey significantly widens temperature and concentration regions of existence of γ-component of spontaneous polarization ; hydrostatic pressure widens concentration region of existence of Psy and induces a new phase whose properties depend on field Ey

Conjugates of 3,5-Bis(arylidene)-4-piperidone and Sesquiterpene Lactones Have an Antitumor Effect via Resetting the Metabolic Phenotype of Cancer Cells

In recent years, researchers have often encountered the significance of the aberrant metabolism of tumor cells in the pathogenesis of malignant neoplasms. This phenomenon, known as the Warburg effect, provides a number of advantages in the survival of neoplastic cells, and its application is considered a potential strategy in the search for antitumor agents. With the aim of developing a promising platform for designing antitumor therapeutics, we synthesized a library of conjugates of 3,5-bis(arylidene)-4-piperidone and sesquiterpene lactones. To gain insight into the determinants of the biological activity of the prepared compounds, we showed that the conjugates of 3,5-bis(arylidene)-4-piperidone and sesquiterpene lactones, which are cytotoxic agents, demonstrate selective activity toward a number of tumor cell lines with glycolysis-inhibiting ability. Moreover, the results of molecular and in silico screening allowed us to identify these compounds as potential inhibitors of the pyruvate kinase M2 oncoprotein, which is the rate-determining enzyme of glycolysis. Thus, the results of our work indicate that the synthesized conjugates of 3,5-bis(arylidene)-4-piperidone and sesquiterpene lactones can be considered a promising platform for designing selective cytotoxic agents against the glycolysis process, which opens new possibilities for researchers involved in the search for antitumor therapeutics among compounds containing piperidone platforms

Mutant small heat-shock protein 27 causes axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and distal hereditary motor neuropathy.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is the most common inherited neuromuscular disease and is characterized by considerable clinical and genetic heterogeneity. We previously reported a Russian family with autosomal dominant axonal CMT and assigned the locus underlying the disease (CMT2F; OMIM 606595) to chromosome 7q11-q21 (ref. 2). Here we report a missense mutation in the gene encoding 27-kDa small heat-shock protein B1 (HSPB1, also called HSP27) that segregates in the family with CMT2F. Screening for mutations in HSPB1 in 301 individuals with CMT and 115 individuals with distal hereditary motor neuropathies (distal HMNs) confirmed the previously observed mutation and identified four additional missense mutations. We observed the additional HSPB1 mutations in four families with distal HMN and in one individual with CMT neuropathy. Four mutations are located in the Hsp20-alpha-crystallin domain, and one mutation is in the C-terminal part of the HSP27 protein. Neuronal cells transfected with mutated HSPB1 were less viable than cells expressing the wild-type protein. Cotransfection of neurofilament light chain (NEFL) and mutant HSPB1 resulted in altered neurofilament assembly in cells devoid of cytoplasmic intermediate filaments