79 research outputs found

    On the strength of the finite intersection principle

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    We study the logical content of several maximality principles related to the finite intersection principle (F\IP) in set theory. Classically, these are all equivalent to the axiom of choice, but in the context of reverse mathematics their strengths vary: some are equivalent to \ACA over \RCA, while others are strictly weaker, and incomparable with \WKL. We show that there is a computable instance of F\IP all of whose solutions have hyperimmune degree, and that every computable instance has a solution in every nonzero c.e.\ degree. In terms of other weak principles previously studied in the literature, the former result translates to F\IP implying the omitting partial types principle (OPT\mathsf{OPT}). We also show that, modulo Ξ£20\Sigma^0_2 induction, F\IP lies strictly below the atomic model theorem (AMT\mathsf{AMT}).Comment: This paper corresponds to section 3 of arXiv:1009.3242, "Reverse mathematics and equivalents of the axiom of choice", which has been abbreviated and divided into two pieces for publicatio

    Π Π°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡƒΠ΄ΠΊΠ° Ρƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅ 50 Π»Π΅Ρ‚: характСристики ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ процСсса, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· выТиваСмости

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    Objective. To study clinical and pathological characteristics of gastric cancer in patients aged younger and older than 50 years, who received anticancer treatment including surgery, as well as to identify prognostic factors for overall survival of these patients.Material and methods. A retrospective study of surgical treatment outcomes was conducted in 350 gastric cancer patients, who were divided into 2 groups. The study group included 34 (9.71 %) patients aged 50 years and younger and the control group consisted of 316 (90.29 %) patients aged 51 years and older.Results. The analysis of treatment outcomes and survival rates was carried out. The diffuse-type gastric cancer was more frequently diagnosed in younger than in older patients (p<0.001), and asymptomatic disease often present in younger patients (p<0.001). There were no differences in the extent of surgery between the groups (p=0.613). The overall survival rate was lower in the control group than in the study group (p=0.002). The multivariate analysis revealed that a worse prognosis was observed in patients of the control group (hr=12.71), with regional lymph node metastases (hr=2.64), distant metastases (hr=1.83), iii/iv stage of the disease (hr=2.01), lymphovascular (hr=3.15) and perineural invasion (hr=2.46), as well as with postoperative complications (hr=2.12). Adjuvant chemotherapy improved the disease prognosis (hr=0.35).Conclusion. Specific clinical and pathological features predicted survival of gastric cancer patients aged younger and older 50 years.ЦСль исслСдования – ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ особСнности Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ° ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡƒΠ΄ΠΊΠ° Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅ 50 Π»Π΅Ρ‚, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠ²ΡˆΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΅ Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ с хирургичСским ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈ ΡƒΡΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΉ выТиваСмости для ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏ.ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ рСтроспСктивноС исслСдованиС нСпосрСдствСнных ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² хирургичСского лСчСния ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡƒΠ΄ΠΊΠ° Π² ООΠ₯ΠœΠ› 5 Π“Π‘Π£Π— Β«Π’ΠžΠšΠžΠ”Β» Π·Π° Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π’Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠ° Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π΅ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹: ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡƒΡŽ (50 Π»Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅) ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ (51 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅).Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. Из 350 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², Π²ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π΄ΡˆΠΈΡ… Π² Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·, 34 (9,71 %) Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ отнСсСны ΠΊ основной Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΠΈ 316 (90,29 %) ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ. Π—Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Ρ‡Π°Ρ‰Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎ бСссимптомно (p<0,001), ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Ρ‡Π°Ρ‰Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ с Π΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ„ΡƒΠ·Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΌ роста (p=0,001). Π Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠΉ Π² объСмС хирургичСского лСчСния ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ (p=0,613). ΠžΠ±Ρ‰Π°Ρ Π²Ρ‹ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅ (p=0,002). ΠœΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ» ΡƒΡΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ· для всСй совокупности ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΡƒΡ…ΡƒΠ΄ΡˆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ принадлСТности ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅ (HR=12,71), мСтастазах Π² Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ лимфатичСскиС ΡƒΠ·Π»Ρ‹ (HR=2,64), ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… мСтастазах (HR=1,83), iii/iV стадии заболСвания (HR=2,01), лимфоваскулярной (HR=3,15) ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π²Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠΈ (HR=2,46), Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ослоТнСниях послС хирургичСского лСчСния (HR=2,12). Π€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ, ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·, явилось ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π΄ΡŠΡŽΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ (HR=0,35).Π’Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. ΠŸΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ с Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡƒΠ΄ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅ 50 Π»Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ ряд ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-патологичСских особСнностСй, ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ· выТиваСмости
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