79 research outputs found
On the strength of the finite intersection principle
We study the logical content of several maximality principles related to the
finite intersection principle (F\IP) in set theory. Classically, these are
all equivalent to the axiom of choice, but in the context of reverse
mathematics their strengths vary: some are equivalent to \ACA over \RCA,
while others are strictly weaker, and incomparable with \WKL. We show that
there is a computable instance of F\IP all of whose solutions have
hyperimmune degree, and that every computable instance has a solution in every
nonzero c.e.\ degree. In terms of other weak principles previously studied in
the literature, the former result translates to F\IP implying the omitting
partial types principle (). We also show that, modulo
induction, F\IP lies strictly below the atomic model theorem
().Comment: This paper corresponds to section 3 of arXiv:1009.3242, "Reverse
mathematics and equivalents of the axiom of choice", which has been
abbreviated and divided into two pieces for publicatio
Π Π°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ 50 Π»Π΅Ρ: Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π²ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ
Objective. To study clinical and pathological characteristics of gastric cancer in patients aged younger and older than 50 years, who received anticancer treatment including surgery, as well as to identify prognostic factors for overall survival of these patients.Material and methods. A retrospective study of surgical treatment outcomes was conducted in 350 gastric cancer patients, who were divided into 2 groups. The study group included 34 (9.71 %) patients aged 50 years and younger and the control group consisted of 316 (90.29 %) patients aged 51 years and older.Results. The analysis of treatment outcomes and survival rates was carried out. The diffuse-type gastric cancer was more frequently diagnosed in younger than in older patients (p<0.001), and asymptomatic disease often present in younger patients (p<0.001). There were no differences in the extent of surgery between the groups (p=0.613). The overall survival rate was lower in the control group than in the study group (p=0.002). The multivariate analysis revealed that a worse prognosis was observed in patients of the control group (hr=12.71), with regional lymph node metastases (hr=2.64), distant metastases (hr=1.83), iii/iv stage of the disease (hr=2.01), lymphovascular (hr=3.15) and perineural invasion (hr=2.46), as well as with postoperative complications (hr=2.12). Adjuvant chemotherapy improved the disease prognosis (hr=0.35).Conclusion. Specific clinical and pathological features predicted survival of gastric cancer patients aged younger and older 50 years.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ 50 Π»Π΅Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΠΠ₯ΠΠ 5 ΠΠΠ£Π Β«ΠΠΠΠΠΒ» Π·Π° ΡΡΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ: ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ (50 Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅) ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ (51 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅).Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠ· 350 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΈΡ
Π² Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·, 34 (9,71 %) Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΠΈ 316 (90,29 %) ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎ Π±Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ (p<0,001), ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° (p=0,001). Π Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ (p=0,613). ΠΠ±ΡΠ°Ρ Π²ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ (p=0,002). ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ» ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ· Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡ
ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ (HR=12,71), ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π·Π°Ρ
Π² ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ·Π»Ρ (HR=2,64), ΠΎΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π·Π°Ρ
(HR=1,83), iii/iV ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (HR=2,01), Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ (HR=3,15) ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅Π²ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠΈ (HR=2,46), Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ (HR=2,12). Π€Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·, ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ (HR=0,35).ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ 50 Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ· Π²ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ
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