98 research outputs found
The Neurophysiological Validation of the Hyperpolarization Theory of Internal Inhibition
En los experimentos con conejos conscientes no inmovilizados se ha mostrado que la interrupciΓ³n de lasreacciones tras la supresiΓ³n del refuerzo, es decir, la elaboraciΓ³n de la inhibiciΓ³n interna, se ve acompaΓ±ada por el incremento de fases, la alternancia de la activaciΓ³n y la inhibiciΓ³n del disparo de las neuronas, y sus correspondientes oscilaciones lentas de potencial. Estos cambios pueden ser locales, principalmente en las estructuras del estΓmulo condicionado o, en caso de incremento del estado de inhibiciΓ³n, generalizados sobre las estructuras del cerebro. BasΓ‘ndonos en nuestros datos y en los de la literatura actual se llega a la conclusiΓ³n de que ese fenΓ³meno estΓ‘ condicionado por el incremento de los procesos inhibitorios de hiperpolarizaciΓ³n a raΓz del incremento de la reactividad de los sistemas inhibitorios de la acciΓ³n del estΓmulo, que adquiere significado inhibitorio durante el proceso de aprendizaje. La oscilaciΓ³n de la excitabilidad y reactividad en las poblaciones de elementos nerviosos que surge durante el incremento de la inhibiciΓ³n de la hiperpolarizaciΓ³n, divergentes en distintas estructuras del cerebro, juega un papel activo en la ejecuciΓ³n de la funciΓ³n bΓ‘sica de la inhibiciΓ³n interna, la limitaciΓ³n de la transmisiΓ³n de la excitaciΓ³n a los efectores. El mediador inhibidor, el Γ‘cido gama aminobutΓrico (GABA), juega un papel esencial en la desarrollo de la inhibiciΓ³n de la excitaciΓ³n al estΓmulo que ha perdido su significado biolΓ³gico. Estos datos experimentales y su interpretaciΓ³n a la luz de los datos de la literatura dan fundamento al desarrollo de la teorΓa de hiperpolarizaciΓ³n de la inhibiciΓ³n interna.The experiments in conscious non-immobilized rabbits showed that cessation of the reactions without reinforcement (elaboration of the internal inhibition) is accompanied by an enhanced phasic state, by alternation of activation and inhibition of neuron firing, and by the corresponding slow potential oscillation (SPO). These changes can be either localized, predominantly in the structures of conditioned stimulus, or, under enhancement of the inhibitory state, generalized in the brain structures. On the basis of our experience and published data, it is concluded that the above event results from relative enhancement of the inhibitory hyperpolarizing processes due to increase in reactivity of the inhibitory systems to stimulus, which acquires inhibitory properties during learning. Changes in the excitability and reactivity of neuron populations appearing during enhancement of the hyperpolarizing inhibition, and differing in the various brain structures, play an active role in the execution of the main function of the internal inhibition: limitation of excitation transmission to the effectors. An inhibitory mediator gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) is of great importance in inhibiting the excitation in response to the stimulus which lost its biological significance. These experimental data and their interpretation in the light of published data give the basis for the development of the hyperpolarization theory of internal inhibition
From Coulomb excitation cross sections to non-resonant astrophysical rates in three-body systems: Ne case
Coulomb and nuclear dissociation of Ne on light and heavy targets are
studied theoretically. The dipole E1 strength function is determined in a broad
energy range including energies of astrophysical interest. Dependence of the
strength function on different parameters of the Ne ground state
structure and continuum dynamics is analyzed in a three-body model. The
discovered dependence plays an important role for studies of the strength
functions for the three-body E1 dissociation and radiative capture. The
constraints on the configuration mixing in Ne and on
-wave interaction in the O+ channel are imposed based on
experimental data for Ne Coulomb dissociation on heavy target.Comment: 12 pages, 13 figure
A minimization algorithm with approximation of an epigraph of the objective function and a constraint set
Copyright Β© by the paper's authors.An algorithm is suggested for solving a convex programming problem which belongs to a class of cutting methods. In the algorithm an epigraph of the objective function and a feasible solutions set of the problem are embedded into some auxiliary sets to construct iteration points. Since these embedded sets are constructed as polyhedral sets in the algorithm, then each iteration point is found by solving a linear programming problem independently of the type of functions which define the initial problem. The suggested algorithm is characterized by the following fact. Sets which approximate the epigraph of the objective function can be updated periodically on the base of discarding cutting planes
A minimization method on the basis of embedding the feasible set and the epigraph
Β© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.We propose a conditional minimization method of the convex nonsmooth function which belongs to the class of cutting-plane methods. During constructing iteration points a feasible set and an epigraph of the objective function are approximated by the polyhedral sets. In this connection, auxiliary problems of constructing iteration points are linear programming problems. In optimization process there is some opportunity of updating sets which approximate the epigraph. These updates are performed by periodically dropping of cutting planes which form embedding sets. Convergence of the proposed method is proved, some realizations of the method are discussed
A Cutting Method with Approximation of a Constraint Region and an Epigraph for Solving Conditional Minimization Problems
Β© 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. We propose a method which belongs to a class of cutting methods for solving a convex programming problem. The developed method differs from traditional algorithms of the mentioned class by the following fact. This method uses approximation of the feasible set and the epigraph of the objective function simultaneously for the solving problem. In the method cutting planes are constructed by subgradients of the objective function and functions which define the constrained set. In this case while initial approximating sets are chosen as polyhedral sets, each iteration point is found by solving a linear programming problem independently of the type of functions which define the solving problem. Moreover, unlike most the cutting methods the proposed method is characterized by possibility of updating approximating sets due to dropping accumulating constraints
Π‘ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ Β«ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ½Π³Β»
Π£ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΠΆΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΡΠ·ΠΈΠ½Π³Ρ, ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΉ ΠΌΡΠΆΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΡΠ·ΠΈΠ½Π³Ρ.The article discusses the nature and studies the features of the concept of international leasing, the scheme for the operations of the international leasing has been developed.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ½Π³Π°, ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ½Π³Π°
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ Π² ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ
Π£ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Π»ΡΠ·ΠΈΠ½Π³Ρ, Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ Π»ΡΠ·ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄, Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ Π»ΡΠ·ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ° ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ Π»ΡΠ·ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄.The article deals with the essence of the concept of leasing, give a brief account about classification of lease agreements, establishes the basic principles by which should be classified leasing agreements and improved faceted classification of lease agreements.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ½Π³Π°, ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ
Π ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ Π€ΠΠΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠ Π‘Π ΠΠΠ« ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ₯ ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ Π ΠΠ‘Π‘ΠΠ
The paper deals with financial relationships and funding sources of non-profit organizations. The subject of the study is the role and place of non-profit organizations in the Russian national economy and their development trends. The scope of the paper includes the study of information materials on the economic condition of non-profit organizations. The purpose of the study was to identify the key problems of financial resource generation and ways to improve the economic activity of non-profit organizations in the context of the established innovation-oriented market economy model. The paper analyzes the current practice of funding non-profit organizations in Russia compared with the foreign experience. The problems accumulated in the financial support of non-profit organizations are considered and areas for improvement are suggested. The study used general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, dialectical and system-based approaches, as well as method of comparison, analogies and expert assessments. The development of cooperation between non-profit organizations and enterprises of various organizational and legal forms, legal entities and individuals in matters of formation and use of financial resources is regarded as the most important objective of financial relations. It is proved that the share of public and private investments as well as donor funds in the financial support of economic activities of non-profit organizations needs to be increased. The conclusions and recommendations for improving the support of non-profit organizations through budgetary and non-budgetary funds in the situation of the macroeconomic instability and limited finance raised from various sources are formulated.Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ: ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ. Π’Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ
Π²Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ± ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ: Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΎΠΌ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ Π² ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π°, Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡ
Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ. Π‘ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²
Antiradical effect of low-molecular peptides in extracts and hydrolyzates from tissues of water organisms
Molecular-weight composition of peptides in extracts and hydrolyzates from soft tissues of the clams Corbicula japonica and Mercenaria mercenaria and liver of chum salmon is investigated. Antiradical activity is defined for low-molecular peptides, as well as for high-molecular proteins and free amino acids in the extracts. The maximum activity is detected for the extracts of salmon liver; all protein fractions in the water extract of the liver have antiradical activity. Low-molecular peptides and free amino acids have antiradical activity in all samples. The peptides with molecular weight 4.3 kDa have the highest activity in the water extract from C. japonica (43 units) and the peptides with molecular weight 4.7 kDa - in the water extract from M. mercenaria (5.6 units). After hydrolysis, the portion of low-molecular peptides increases for C. japonica , M. mercenaria , and salmon liver in 22.1, 14.5, and 11.1 %, respectively. Hence antiradical activity for hydrolyzates from C. japonica and M. mercen aria is in 1.9 times higher and for hydrolyzates from salmon liver - in 1.3 times higher than for water extracts from their tissues. Only the peptides with molecular weight 2.8-4.7 kDa have antiradical activity in the hydrolyzates; its value is 1-24 activity units for M. mercenaria ; 13-76 units for C. japonica and about 40 units for the chum salmon liver. Correlation is found between the content of peptides with molecular weight 3-4 kDa in hydrolyzates and their antiradical activity
Characteristics of bivalve mollusk <i>Serripes groenlandicus </i>in connection with its rational use
Greenland cockle Serripes groenlandicus is a burrow bivalve mollusk that forms dense aggregations on silty-sandy and muddy grounds at the depth 50-60 m. Its total stock in Peter the Great Bay is estimated as 8,700 t. The species is not used yet as a raw material for food industry that is a reason to investigate its safety, chemical composition and technological characteristics. There is noted that the aggregations of S. groenlandicus in Peter the Great Bay are formed mostly by large-sized individuals (> 80 %), so they have high commercial value. Its soft tissue (on average 25.8 % of total weigh) contents 11.9 % of protein, < 1.0 % of fat, and 5.4 % of carbohydrate, its energy value is 70 kcal, so it is a promising raw material for low-calorie dietary products. Technological losses in mass of the clam meat in the process of broth extraction under hydrothermal treatment are rather high: 45-47 %. To prevent the mass losses, the species is recommended to use as the raw material for canned products with its natural meat
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