1,696 research outputs found
The presence of elafin, SLPI, IL1-RA and STNFalpha RI in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas and their relation to the degree of tumour differentiation.
Biopsy samples of head and neck carcinomas were investigated with regard to elafin, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), interleukin 1-receptor antagonist [(IL)1-RA] and soluble tumour necrosis factor alpha receptor antagonist (STNFalpha RI). SLPI and elafin are serine protease inhibitors produced in the serous cells of the upper respiratory airways and in the keratinocytes, respectively. We have now found the presence of elafin and SLPI in squamous cell carcinomas of the upper respiratory tract (tonsillar, hypopharyngeal, tongue, mouth floor, gingival and laryngeal cancer). Significantly higher amounts of SLPI and elafin are present in well-differentiated and moderately differentiated tumours than in poorly differentiated tumours (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0015). Tumour necrosis factor-alpha and IL-1beta have been shown to stimulate the production of SLPI and elafin. Since these cytokines can both be difficult to detect, we chose to study their inhibitors, STNFalpha RI and IL1-RA, instead. IL1-RA was expressed in highly differentiated tumours as well as in poorly differentiated ones. No significant difference was seen between the groups. STNFalpha RI was only found in very small amounts, sparsely distributed in the tumours, and was not related to the degree of differentiation
Neutrino tomography - Learning about the Earth's interior using the propagation of neutrinos
Because the propagation of neutrinos is affected by the presence of Earth
matter, it opens new possibilities to probe the Earth's interior. Different
approaches range from techniques based upon the interaction of high energy
(above TeV) neutrinos with Earth matter, to methods using the MSW effect on the
neutrino oscillations of low energy (MeV to GeV) neutrinos. In principle,
neutrinos from many different sources (sun, atmosphere, supernovae, beams etc.)
can be used. In this talk, we summarize and compare different approaches with
an emphasis on more recent developments. In addition, we point out other
geophysical aspects relevant for neutrino oscillations.Comment: 22 pages, 9 figures. Proceedings of ``Neutrino sciences 2005:
Neutrino geophysics'', December 14-16, 2005, Honolulu, USA. Minor changes,
some references added. Final version to appear in Earth, Moon, and Planet
Analytic Approximations for Three Neutrino Oscillation Parameters and Probabilities in Matter
The corrections to neutrino mixing parameters in the presence of matter of
constant density are calculated systematically as series expansions in terms of
the mass hierarchy \dm{21}/\dm{31}. The parameter mapping obtained is then
used to find simple, but nevertheless accurate formulas for oscillation
probabibilities in matter including CP-effects. Expressions with one to one
correspondence to the vacuum case are derived, which are valid for neutrino
energies above the solar resonance energy. Two applications are given to show
that these results are a useful and powerful tool for analytical studies of
neutrino beams passing through the Earth mantle or core: First, the
``disentanglement problem'' of matter and CP-effects in the CP-asymmetry is
discussed and second, estimations of the statistical sensitivity to the
CP-terms of the oscillation probabilities in neutrino factory experiments are
presented.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figure
The Daya Bay and T2K results on sin22\u3b813 and non-standard neutrino interactions
We show that the relatively large best fit value of sin^22\u3b813=0.14(0.17) measured in the T2K experiment for fixed values of i) the Dirac CP violation phase \u3b4=0, and ii) the atmospheric neutrino mixing parameters \u3b8(23)=\u3c0/4, |\u394m^2(32)|=2.4
710^{ 123} eV^2, can be reconciled with the Daya Bay result sin^22\u3b8(13)=0.090\ub10.009 if the effects of non-standard neutrino interactions (NSI) in the relevant \u3bd\uafe\u2192\u3bd\uafe and \u3bd\u3bc\u2192\u3bde oscillation probabilities are taken into account. \ua9 2014 The Authors
Finite-gap equations for strings on AdS_3 x S^3 x T^4 with mixed 3-form flux
We study superstrings on AdS_3 x S^3 x T^4 supported by a combination of
Ramond-Ramond and Neveu-Schwarz-Neveu-Schwarz three form fluxes, and construct
a set of finite-gap equations that describe the classical string spectrum.
Using the recently proposed all-loop S-matrix we write down the all-loop Bethe
ansatz equations for the massive sector. In the thermodynamic limit the Bethe
ansatz reproduces the finite-gap equations. As part of this derivation we
propose expressions for the leading order dressing phases. These phases differ
from the well-known Arutyunov-Frolov-Staudacher phase that appears in the pure
Ramond-Ramond case. We also consider the one-loop quantization of the algebraic
curve and determine the one-loop corrections to the dressing phases. Finally we
consider some classical string solutions including finite size giant magnons
and circular strings.Comment: 44 pages, 3 figures. v2: references and a discussion about
perturbative results adde
A case report on a patient suffering from recurrent vomiting episodes, whose condition improved markedly during pregnancy and breast feeding
BACKGROUND: The normal physiology of the gastrointestinal tract has been only cursorily examined. Consequently, the pathophysiology of disturbances of the gastrointestinal functions is poorly known. Recurrent vomiting is one of many functional conditions for which it is difficult to find an explanation and to treat. In the following a case is described of a patient presenting with recurrent vomiting episodes, whose condition improved spontaneously during pregnancy and breast feeding. CASE PRESENTATION: A woman with recurrent vomiting episodes over several years was examined by esophagogastroduodenoscopy. This showed a non-peristaltic ventricle. Treatment with the procinetic drug cisapride (Prepulsid(Âź)) improved the peristalsis and reduced the symptoms. During pregnancy and breast feeding, she was free of symptoms, in spite of having discontinued her medication with cisapride (Prepulsid(Âź)). CONCLUSION: The fact that the patient improved during pregnancy and breast feeding, would seem to indicate the involvement of factors in the physiology of pregnancy and breast feeding that are of importance for gastric motility. This deserves further investigation
The low-energy limit of AdS(3)/CFT2 and its TBA
We investigate low-energy string excitations in AdS3 Ă S3 Ă T4. When the worldsheet is decompactified, the theory has gapless modes whose spectrum at low energies is determined by massless relativistic integrable S matrices of the type introduced by Al. B. Zamolodchikov. The S matrices are non-trivial only for excitations with identical worldsheet chirality, indicating that the low-energy theory is a CFT2. We construct a Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz (TBA) for these excitations and show how the massless modesâ wrapping effects may be incorporated into the AdS3 spectral problem. Using the TBA and its associated Y-system, we determine the central charge of the low-energy CFT2 to be c = 6 from calculating the vacuum energy for antiperiodic fermions â with the vacuum energy being zero for periodic fermions in agreement with a supersymmetric theory â and find the energies of some excited states
Human Amnion Epithelial Cells: A Potential Cell Source for Pulp Regeneration?
The aim of this study was to analyze the suitability of pluripotent stem cells derived from the amnion (hAECs) as a potential cell source for revitalization in vitro. hAECs were isolated from human placentas, and dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and dentin matrix proteins (eDMPs) were obtained from human teeth. Both hAECs and hDPSCs were cultured with 10% FBS, eDMPs and an osteogenic differentiation medium (StemPro). Viability was assessed by MTT and cell adherence to dentin was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the expression of mineralization-, odontogenic differentiation- and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated genes was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR, and mineralization was evaluated through Alizarin Red staining. The viability of hAECs was significantly lower compared with hDPSCs in all groups and at all time points. Both hAECs and hDPSCs adhered to dentin and were homogeneously distributed. The regulation of odontoblast differentiation- and mineralization-associated genes showed the lack of transition of hAECs into an odontoblastic phenotype; however, genes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition were significantly upregulated in hAECs. hAECs showed small amounts of calcium deposition after osteogenic differentiation with StemPro. Pluripotent hAECs adhere on dentin and possess the capacity to mineralize. However, they presented an unfavorable proliferation behavior and failed to undergo odontoblastic transitio
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