Analysis of Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activities From Ethanol Extract of Leaf, Stem Bark and Wood Clausena Lansium L.

Wampi belongs to Rutaceae family. The shape of this plant is kind of bush or small tree and its fruits are similar to grapples or oranges. C. lansium was reported has the main biological activity as radical scavenger. The aim of this study to identify the content of secondary metabolites found in bark, woody stems and leaves of C. lansium plants, and to determine antioxidant activity through IC50 values. This research method begins with sample preparation, plant determination, simplicia characteristic examination, extraction, characterization with infrared spectroscopy, thin layer chromatography (TLC), then proceed with antioxidant activity assay using DPPH method (2.2 -Diphenyl-1-picrylhidrazyl) with a comparison of vitamin C. The results of this study showed that C. lansium contains alkaloids and kumarin. Furthermore, antioxidant activity assay measured absorption at a wavelength of 517 nm, obtained IC50 values ​​of vitamin C 6.22 ppm; bark 231.54 ppm (weak), wood stem 131.49 ppm (weak), and leaves 22,60 ppm (strong).   Keywords: Clausena lansium, Antioxidant, phytochemical profile

Synthesis and antiparkinsonian activity of nanocomposite of chitosan-tripolyphosphate-Mucuna pruriens L extract (CS-TPP-MP)

Mucuna pruriens L. (MP) has antiparkinsonian activity because it contains levodopa that acts as a dopamine precursor and plays a role to stimulate dopaminergic receptors in Parkinson's sufferers. The therapeutic efficacy of MP extract can be improved by using a nano drug carrier system, such as chitosan-tripolyphosphate (CS-TPP). This study aims to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate antiparkinsonian activity of chitosan-tripolyphosphate-MP extract (CS-TPP-MP) nanocomposite in mice. MP seed powder was extracted by maceration method using water-ethanol (1:1) by adding citric acid until it reached pH 3. The CS-TPP-MP nanocomposite was synthesized by using ionic gelation method with variations in reactant composition and reaction time. The CS-TPP-MP nanocomposite was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. Catalepsy test was performed to find the antiparkinsonian activity level of CS-TPP-MP nanocomposite at doses of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 mg/kg body weight. Based on the results of CS-TPP-MP synthesis, it was found that the reactant composition (CS-TPP:MP) of 1:3 with reaction time of 20 minutes produced the highest yield (14.21%.) SEM-EDX characterization showed that the morphology of CS-TPP-MP nanocomposite was predominantly spherical and the size was approximately 120-170 nm with a composition of C = 55.43%, O = 30.46%, N = 13.46%, P = 0.44%. XRD diffractogram showed that CS-TPP-MP nanocomposite has amorphous structure. FTIR analysis showed the appearance of absorption at wavelength of 1643.35 cm−1 which proved the interaction between the primary amine group of chitosan and the carbonyl group of EMP. Catalepsy test demonstrated that CS-TPP-MP nanocomposite at the doses of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 mg/kg body weight could reduce catalepsy symptoms in mice significantly, and the best dosage was 20 mg/kg body weight