6 research outputs found
Burden of community-acquired and nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis in the pediatric population of Western Europe: a scoping review
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Rotavirus affects 95% of children worldwide by age 5 years and is the leading cause of severe dehydrating diarrhea. The objective of this review was to estimate the burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) in the Western European pediatric population.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A comprehensive literature search (1999-2010) was conducted in PubMed and other sources (CDC; WHO, others). Data on the epidemiology and burden of RVGE among children < 5 years-old in Western Europe --including hospital-acquired disease--were extracted.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>76 studies from 16 countries were identified. The mean percentage of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) cases caused by rotavirus ranged from 25.3%-63.5% in children < 5 years of age, peaking during winter. Incidence rates of RVGE ranged from 1.33-4.96 cases/100 person- years. Hospitalization rates for RVGE ranged from 7% to 81% among infected children, depending on the country. Nosocomial RVGE accounted for 47%-69% of all hospital-acquired AGE and prolonged hospital stays by 4-12 days. Each year, RVGE incurred 53.6 million in direct medical costs and 22.4 million in indirect costs in the 16 countries studied. Full serotyping data was available for 8 countries. G1P[8], G2P[4], G9P[8], and G3P[8] were the most prevalent serotypes (cumulative frequency: 57.2%- 98.7%). Serotype distribution in nosocomial RVGE was similar.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This review confirms that RVGE is a common disease associated with significant morbidity and costs across Western Europe. A vaccine protecting against multiple serotypes may decrease the epidemiological and cost burden of RVGE in Western Europe.</p
Nationwide surveillance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Greece: patterns of resistance and serotype epidemiology
This nationwide study assessed the antimicrobial susceptibility and
seroprevalence of Streptococcus pneumonicae in paediatric carriage
isolates and in clinical isolates from adult pneumococcal disease in
Greece during the years 2004-2006. Among 780 isolates recovered from the
nasopharynx of children < 6 years old attending day-care centres,
non-susceptibility rates to penicillin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone,
erythromycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were
34.7%, 25.1%1.0%, 33.5%, 26.4% and 44.2%, respectively. Among 89
adult clinical isolates, the respective rates were 48.3%, 46.1%,
5.6%, 48.3%, 32.6% and 40.4%. High-level resistance to penicillin,
cefuroxime and ceftriaxone was recorded for 14.4%, 23.3% and 0.1 % of
paediatric carriage isolates, whereas for clinical adult isolates the
respective rates were 25.8%, 38.2% and 2.2%. No resistance to
levofloxacin and moxifloxacin was recorded, although 3.5% of paediatric
carriage isolates and 23.2% of adult clinical isolates had minimum
inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin > 2 mg/L. Serotypes 19F, 14,
23F and 6B were the most prevalent among carriage and clinical isolates.
The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was estimated to provide
coverage against 71.7% of paediatric carriage isolates and 51.3% of
adult clinical isolates. Resistance rates among clinical isolates from
adult sources were higher than those recorded among paediatric carriage
S. pneumoniae isolates and displayed an increasingly resistant profile
compared with previous reports from our country, warranting continuous
vigilance. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. and the International society of
Chemotherapy. All rights reserved